Alzheimer's disease, metal ions and metal homeostatic therapy

Zatta, Paolo; Drago, Denise; Bolognin, Silvia; Sensi, Stefano L.

doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.002

Cited by 379Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsTrace Elements in HealthDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Alzheimer's disease, metal ions and metal homeostatic therapy

Zatta, Paolo, Drago, Denise, Bolognin, Silvia, Sensi, Stefano L.·2009·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.002

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Abstract

Mounting evidences support the idea that endogenous 'biometals', such as copper, iron, zinc and exogenous ones such as aluminum, can be involved as factors or cofactors in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition associated with pathological accumulation of amyloid plaques and with the appearance of deposit of neurofibrillary tangles. In AD, the process of beta-amyloid (Abeta) misfolding and plaque aggregation is greatly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Here, we discuss the most recent evidences that associate metal ion dyshomeostasis with the development of AD. As for aluminum, a role for this ion in AD pathogenesis is still controversial. Thus, here, we also critically review new findings that argue for and against the 'aluminum hypothesis'. Finally, it is discussed how therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring metal homeostasis can delay and modify the progression of AD-related neurodegeneration.

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Bio-available metals (copper, zinc, and iron) are found in high concentration in amyloid plaques.
“Post-mortem examination of the brain suggested that bio-available metals (i.e., copper, zinc, and iron) are found in high concentration in the amyloid plaques.”
From The effect of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on the Aβ42 peptide aggregation and cellular toxicity (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
Use of non-specific chelators (i.e., CQ) that do not interact selectively with the Aβ-metal species exhibit adverse side effects that will likely limit their long term clinical use.
“However, use of non-specific chelators (i.e., CQ) that do not interact selectively with the Aβ–metal species exhibit adverse side effects that will likely limit their long term clinical use.3,28,29,31,44,46–48”
From Bifunctional Compounds for Controlling Metal-Mediated Aggregation of the Aβ42Peptide (2012) · cites this paper as [28]
These metal ions lead to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress.
“as well as lead to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress.3,26–31,33–36”
From Bifunctional Compounds for Controlling Metal-Mediated Aggregation of the Aβ42Peptide (2012) · cites this paper as [28]
Copper, iron and zinc deposits are observed within the core and periphery of senile plaques and co-localize with Aβ.
“Copper, iron and zinc deposits are observed within the core and periphery of senile plaques, and co-localize with Aβ [539].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [539]
Metals such as iron, zinc, or copper may have a role in AD-related pathogenesis.
“Subsequently, there is evidence suggesting that metals similar to iron, zinc, or copper may have a role in AD-related pathogenesis [166].”
From The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [166]

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Rational Design of a Structural Framework with Potential Use to Develop Chemical Reagents That Target and Modulate Multiple Facets of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Authors: Zatta, P., Drago, D., Bolognin, S., & Sensi, S. L.
Affiliations: University of Padua (IT)
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Zatta, Paolo
Sensi, Stefano L.
ORCID: Drago, Denise
Bolognin, Silvia
Sensi, Stefano L.
Venue: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 30
Issue: 7
Pages: 346-355
ISSN: 0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.002
OpenAlex: W2025615265
Cited by: 369
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 3.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, metal ions, metal homeostasis, copper, iron, zinc, aluminum, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Clioquinol, Metals, Plaque, Amyloid

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Alzheimer's disease, metal ions and metal homeostatic therapy

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