Cited by 732Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

History and progress of hypotheses and clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease

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Liu, Pei-Pei, Xie, Yi, Meng, Xiao-Yan, Kang, Jian-Sheng·2019·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life. Its main pathological features are cerebral atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients. There are various descriptive hypotheses regarding the causes of AD, including the cholinergic hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau propagation hypothesis, mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, calcium homeostasis hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, inflammatory hypothesis, metal ion hypothesis, and lymphatic system hypothesis. However, the ultimate etiology of AD remains obscure. In this review, we discuss the main hypotheses of AD and related clinical trials. Wealthy puzzles and lessons have made it possible to develop explanatory theories and identify potential strategies for therapeutic interventions for AD. The combination of hypometabolism and autophagy deficiency is likely to be a causative factor for AD. We further propose that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has the potential to treat AD.

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  1. [66]Dementia – caring, ethics, ethnical and economical aspects: a systematic review. Stockholm: Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU). SBU No. 172 (2008). 28876770

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Authors
Liu, P.-P., Xie, Y., Meng, X.-Y., & Kang, J.-S.
Affiliations
First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (CN)
Corresponding author
Kang, Jian-Sheng
Venue
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Published
2019-08-23
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
29-29
ISSN
2059-3635 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2969562288
Cited by
723
References
473
Citations by year
2026: 54 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 146 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 3
FWCI
9.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171369)
  • the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid hypothesis, cholinergic hypothesis, neuroinflammation, calcium homeostasis, brain hypometabolism, autophagy dysfunction, fluoxetine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, clinical trials, therapeutic interventions

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