Ferroptosis Inhibition: Mechanisms and Opportunities
Abstract
The past decade has yielded tremendous insights into how cells die. This has come with our understanding that several distinct forms of cell death are encompassed under the umbrella term necrosis. Among these distinct forms of regulated necrotic cell death, ferroptosis has attracted considerable attention owing to its putative involvement in diverse pathophysiological processes. A key feature of the ferroptosis process is the requirement of phospholipid peroxidation, a process that has been linked with several human pathologies. Now with the establishment of a connection between lipid peroxidation and a distinctive cell death pathway, the search for new small molecules able to suppress lipid peroxidation has gained momentum and may yield novel cytoprotective strategies. We review here advances in our understanding of the ferroptotic process and summarize the development of lipid peroxidation inhibitors with the ultimate goal of suppressing ferroptosis-relevant cell death and related pathologies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ferroptotic RCD has been linked to toxic lipid peroxide accrual.
“ferroptotic RCD has been linked to toxic lipid peroxide accrual [537, 538]”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [537]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Ferroptosis: An Iron-Dependent Form of Nonapoptotic Cell Death
Dixon, S. J., Lemberg, K. M., Lamprecht, M. R., Skouta, R., Zaitsev, E. M., Gleason, C. E., Patel, D. N., Bauer, A. J., Cantley, A. M., Yang, W. S., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042 · Cited by 18,691 · see citing works
Regulation of Ferroptotic Cancer Cell Death by GPX4
Yang, W. S., SriRamaratnam, R., Welsch, M. E., Shimada, K., Skouta, R., Viswanathan, V. S., Cheah, J. H., Clemons, P. A., Shamji, A. F., Clish, C. B., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.010 · Cited by 7,713 · see citing works
ACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition
Doll, S., Proneth, B., Tyurina, Y. Y., Panzilius, E., Kobayashi, S., Ingold, I., Irmler, M., Beckers, J., Aichler, M., Walch, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.2239 · Cited by 4,293 · see citing works
Self-citationInactivation of the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 triggers acute renal failure in mice
Friedmann Angeli, J. P., Schneider, M., Proneth, B., Tyurina, Y. Y., Tyurin, V. A., Hammond, V. J., Herbach, N., Aichler, M., Walch, A., Eggenhofer, E., et al. (2014) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3064 · Cited by 3,732 · see citing works
Self-citationFerroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression
Jiang, L., Kon, N., Li, T., Wang, S.-J., Su, T., Hibshoosh, H., Baer, R., & Gu, W. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14344 · Cited by 3,398 · see citing works
Oxidized arachidonic and adrenic PEs navigate cells to ferroptosis
Kagan, V. E., Mao, G., Qu, F., Angeli, J. P. F., Doll, S., Croix, C. S., Dar, H. H., Liu, B., Tyurin, V. A., Ritov, V. B., et al. (2017) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.2238 · Cited by 3,029 · see citing works
Self-citationAutophagy promotes ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin
Hou, W., Xie, Y., Song, X., Sun, X., Lotze, M. T., Zeh, H. J., Kang, R., & Tang, D. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2016.1187366 · Cited by 2,332 · see citing works
Peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases drives ferroptosis
Yang, W. S., Kim, K. J., Gaschler, M. M., Patel, M., Shchepinov, M. S., & Stockwell, B. R. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1603244113 · Cited by 2,329 · see citing works
Glutaminolysis and transferrin regulate ferroptosis
Gao, M., Monian, P., Quadri, N., Ramasamy, R., & Jiang, X. (2015) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.011 · Cited by 2,069 · see citing works
Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms and Analysis
Yin, H., Xu, L., & Porter, N. A. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200084z · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
Ferroptosis is an autophagic cell death process
Gao, M., Monian, P., Pan, Q., Zhang, W., Xiang, J., & Jiang, X. (2016) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2016.95 · Cited by 1,899 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease
Bazinet, R. P., & Layé, S. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3820 · Cited by 1,613 · see citing works
Vitamin E: function and metabolism
Brigelius‐Flohé, R., & Traber, M. G. (1999) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1145 · Cited by 1,593 · see citing works
Seiler, A., Schneider, M., Förster, H., Roth, S., Wirth, E. K., Culmsee, C., Plesnila, N., Kremmer, E., Rådmark, O., Wurst, W., et al. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.07.005 · Cited by 1,470 · see citing works
Self-citationCytochrome c acts as a cardiolipin oxygenase required for release of proapoptotic factors
Kagan, V. E., Tyurin, V. A., Jiang, J., Tyurina, Y. Y., Ritov, V. B., Amoscato, A. A., Osipov, A. N., Belikova, N. A., Kapralov, A. A., Kini, V., et al. (2005) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio727 · Cited by 1,256 · see citing works
Ferrostatins Inhibit Oxidative Lipid Damage and Cell Death in Diverse Disease Models
Skouta, R., Dixon, S. J., Wang, J., Dunn, D. E., Orman, M., Shimada, K., Rosenberg, P. A., Lo, D. C., Weinberg, J. M., Linkermann, A., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja411006a · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Synchronized renal tubular cell death involves ferroptosis
Linkermann, A., Skouta, R., Himmerkus, N., Mulay, S. R., Dewitz, C., De Zen, F., Prokai, A., Zuchtriegel, G., Krombach, F., Welz, P.-S., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1415518111 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Burton, G. W., & Ingold, K. U. (1986) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar00127a001 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Zilka, O., Shah, R., Li, B., Angeli, J. P. F., Grießer, M., Conrad, M., & Pratt, D. A. (2017) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00028 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman Haploid Cell Genetics Reveals Roles for Lipid Metabolism Genes in Nonapoptotic Cell Death
Dixon, S. J., Winter, G. E., Musavi, L. S., Lee, E. D., Snijder, B., Rebsamen, M., Superti-Furga, G., & Stockwell, B. R. (2015) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.5b00245 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
On the Existence of a Hitherto Unrecognized Dietary Factor Essential for Reproduction
Evans, H. M., & Bishop, K. S. (1922) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.56.1458.650 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Lipoxygenase and leukotriene pathways: biochemistry, biology, and roles in disease
Haeggström, J. Z., & Funk, C. D. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200246d · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Yant, L. J., Ran, Q., Rao, L., Van Remmen, H., Shibatani, T., Belter, J. G., Motta, L., Richardson, A., & Prolla, T. A. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01360-6 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Do Van, B., Gouel, F., Jonneaux, A., Timmerman, K., Gelé, P., Pétrault, M., Bastide, M., Laloux, C., Moreau, C., Bordet, R., et al. (2016) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.011 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
T cell lipid peroxidation induces ferroptosis and prevents immunity to infection
Matsushita, M., Freigang, S., Schneider, C., Conrad, M., Bornkamm, G. W., & Kopf, M. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20140857 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities
Conrad, M., Angeli, J. P. F., Vandenabeele, P., & Stockwell, B. R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.6 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Self-citationMammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance
Kühn, H., Banthiya, S., & van Leyen, K. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Ingold, K. U., & Pratt, D. A. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500226n · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Self-citationA role for 12-lipoxygenase in nerve cell death caused by glutathione depletion.
Li, Y., Maher, P., & Schubert, D. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80953-8 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Chen, L., Hambright, W. S., Na, R., & Ran, Q. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.680090 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
The Structure of Human 5-Lipoxygenase
Gilbert, N. C., Bartlett, S. G., Waight, M. T., Neau, D. B., Boeglin, W. E., BRASH, A. R., & Newcomer, M. E. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1197203 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Cystathionine γ-lyase deficiency mediates neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease
Paul, B. D., Sbodio, J. I., Xu, R., Vandiver, M. S., Cha, J. Y., Snowman, A. M., & Snyder, S. H. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13136 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Inhibition of the Autoxidation of Organic Substances in the Liquid Phase.
Ingold, K. U. (1961) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr60214a002 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Deas, E., Cremades, N., Angelova, P. R., Ludtmann, M. H. R., Yao, Z., Chen, S. W., Horrocks, M. H., Banushi, B., Little, D., Devine, M. J., et al. (2015) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2015.6343 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Jennis, M., Kung, C.-P., Basu, S., Budina-Kolomets, A., Leu, J. I.-J., Khaku, S., Scott, J. P., Cai, K. Q., Campbell, M. R., Porter, D. K., et al. (2016) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.275891.115 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
An essential role for functional lysosomes in ferroptosis of cancer cells
Torii, S., Shintoku, R., Kubota, C., Yaegashi, M., Torii, R., Sasaki, M., Suzuki, T., Mori, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Takeuchi, T., et al. (2016) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20150658 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Control of Oxygenation in Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Catalysis
Schneider, C. G., Pratt, D. A., Porter, N. A., & BRASH, A. R. (2007) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.04.007 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutathione peroxidase 4 and vitamin E cooperatively prevent hepatocellular degeneration
Carlson, B. A., Tobe, R., Yefremova, E., Tsuji, P. A., Hoffmann, V. J., Schweizer, U., Gladyshev, V. N., Hatfield, D. L., & Conrad, M. (2016) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2016.05.003 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutathione peroxidase 4: a new player in neurodegeneration?
Cardoso, B. R., Hare, D. J., Bush, A. I., & Roberts, B. R. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.196 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Rat Acyl-CoA Synthetases 1, 4, and 5
Kim, J. H., Lewin, T. M., & Coleman, R. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m010793200 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Wirth, E. K., Conrad, M., Winterer, J., Wozny, C., Carlson, B. A., Roth, S., Schmitz, D., Bornkamm, G. W., Coppola, V., Tessarollo, L., et al. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-143974 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationA Mitochondrial-Targeted Nitroxide Is a Potent Inhibitor of Ferroptosis
Krainz, T., Gaschler, M. M., Lim, C., Sacher, J. R., Stockwell, B. R., & Wipf, P. (2016) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.6b00199 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Wortmann, M., Schneider, M., Pircher, J., Hellfritsch, J., Aichler, M., Naidu, V. M., Kölle, P., Kuhlencordt, P. J., Walch, A. K., Pohl, U., et al. (2013) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.113.279984 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citation5-Pyrimidinols: Novel Chain-Breaking Antioxidants More Effective than Phenols
Pratt, D. A., DiLabio, G. A., Brigati, G., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja005679l · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationHarding, A. E., Muller, D. P. R., Thomas, P. K., & Willison, H. J. (1982) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410120503 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
6‐Amino‐3‐Pyridinols: Towards Diffusion‐Controlled Chain‐Breaking Antioxidants
Wijtmans, M., Pratt, D. A., Valgimigli, L., et al. (2003) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200351881 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutathione peroxidase activity is neuroprotective in models of Huntington's disease
Mason, R. P., Casu, M., Butler, N. J., Breda, C., Campesan, S., Clapp, J., Green, E. W., Dhulkhed, D., Kyriacou, C. P., & Giorgini, F. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2732 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Vitamin E and neurodegeneration
Ulatowski, L. M., & Manor, D. (2015) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.002 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Mitochondrial energy imbalance and lipid peroxidation cause cell death in Friedreich’s ataxia
Abeti, R., Parkinson, M. H., Hargreaves, I. P., Angelova, P. R., Sandi, C., Pook, M. A., Giunti, P., & Abramov, A. Y. (2016) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.111 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Is Required for Maturation of Photoreceptor Cells
Ueta, T., Inoue, T., Furukawa, T., Tamaki, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Imai, H., & Yanagi, Y. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.335174 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Nam, T. G., Rector, C. L., Kim, H., Sonnen, A. F. ‐., Meyer, R., Nau, W. M., Atkinson, J., Rintoul, J. L., Pratt, D. A., & Porter, N. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja072371m · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationBrütsch, S. H., Wang, C. C., Li, L., Stender, H., Neziroglu, N., Richter, C., Kühn, H., & Borchert, A. (2014) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2014.5967 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The 12/15-lipoxygenase as an emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease
Joshi, Y. B., Giannopoulos, P. F., & Praticò, D. (2015) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.01.005 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cotticelli, M. G., Crabbe, A. M., Wilson, R. B., & Shchepinov, M. S. (2013) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2013.06.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Cerebellar Hypoplasia in Mice Lacking Selenoprotein Biosynthesis in Neurons
Wirth, E. K., Bharathi, B. S., Hatfield, D. L., Conrad, M., Brielmeier, M., & Schweizer, U. (2014) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-014-9920-z · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationReactive Oxygen Species, Isotope Effect, Essential Nutrients, and Enhanced Longevity
Shchepinov, M. S. (2007) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2006.0506 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Acid Is Key to the Radical-Trapping Antioxidant Activity of Nitroxides
Haidasz, E. A., Meng, D., Amorati, R., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b00677 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Maximizing the Reactivity of Phenolic and Aminic Radical-Trapping Antioxidants: Just Add Nitrogen!
Valgimigli, L., & Pratt, D. A. (2015) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00035 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationShchepinov, M. S., Chou, V., Pollock, E. D., Langston, J. W., Cantor, C. R., Molinari, R. J., & Manning-Bog, A. (2011) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.020 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Li, B., Harjani, J. R., Cormier, N. S., Madarati, H., Atkinson, J., Cosa, G., & Pratt, D. A. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja309153x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationBrütsch, S. H., Rademacher, M., Roth, S. R., Müller, K., Eder, S., Viertel, D., Franz, C., Kühn, H., & Borchert, A. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m116.738930 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease
Stockwell, B. R., Friedmann Angeli, J. P., Bayir, H., Bush, A. I., Conrad, M., Dixon, S. J., Fulda, S., Gascón, S., Hatzios, S. K., Kagan, V. E., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.021 · Cited by 7,695 · see citing works
Self-citationGalluzzi, L., Vitale, I., Aaronson, S. A., Abrams, J. M., Adam, D., Agostinis, P., Alnemri, E. S., Altucci, L., Amelio, I., Andrews, D. W., et al. (2018) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4 · Cited by 6,680 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of GPX4 in ferroptosis and its pharmacological implication
Seibt, T. M., Proneth, B., & Conrad, M. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.014 · Cited by 1,520 · see citing works
Self-citationResolving the Role of Lipoxygenases in the Initiation and Execution of Ferroptosis
Shah, R., Shchepinov, M. S., & Pratt, D. A. (2018) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00589 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Self-citationIron Homeostasis and Ferroptosis in Human Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects
Ru, Q., Li, Y., Chen, L., Wu, Y., Min, J., & Wang, F. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01969-z · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Apoptosis and necroptosis in the liver: a matter of life and death
Schwabe, R. F., & Luedde, T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0065-y · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species
Conrad, M., Kagan, V. E., Bayir, H., Pagnussat, G. C., Head, B., Traber, M. G., & Stockwell, B. R. (2018) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.314674.118 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Self-citationiPLA2β-mediated lipid detoxification controls p53-driven ferroptosis independent of GPX4
Chen, D., Chu, B., Yang, X., Liu, Z., Jin, Y., Kon, N., Rabadan, R., Jiang, X., Stockwell, B. R., & Gu, W. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23902-6 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Unraveling the Potential Role of Glutathione in Multiple Forms of Cell Death in Cancer Therapy
Lv, H., Zhen, C., Liu, J., Yang, P., Hu, L., & Shang, P. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/3150145 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Mechanism and Intervention Measures of Iron Side Effects on the Intestine
Qi, X., Zhang, Y., Guo, H., Hai, Y., Luo, Y., & Yue, T. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1630599 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Chen, Z., Li, B., Yao, H., Zarka, M., Welch, J., Sachdev, P., Bridge, W., & Braidy, N. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104931 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tan, X., Huang, X., Niu, B., Guo, X., Lei, X., & Qu, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.1102158 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Angeli, J. P. F., Shah, R., Pratt, D. A., & Conrad, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Pratt, Derek A.
- Conrad, Marcus
- Venue
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 489-498
- ISSN
- 0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2599031841
- Cited by
- 563
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 5.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (291/2-3)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- ferroptosis, ferroptosis inhibition, lipid peroxidation, regulated necrosis, cell death, phospholipid peroxidation, lipid peroxidation inhibitors, cytoprotection, small molecules
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fatty Acids, Humans, Iron, Lipid Peroxidation, Apoptosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
