The clinical toxicology of caffeine: A review and case study

Willson, Cyril

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.002

Cited by 289Coffee research and impactsPoisoning and overdose treatmentsForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

The clinical toxicology of caffeine: A review and case study

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Willson, Cyril·2018·Toxicology Reports

DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.002PMC PMC6247400

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Abstract

Caffeine is a widely recognized psychostimulant compound with a long history of consumption by humans. While it has received a significant amount of attention there is still much to be learned with respect to its toxicology in humans, especially in cases of overdose. A review of the history of consumption and the clinical toxicology of caffeine including clinical features, pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, a thorough examination of mechanism of action and management/treatment strategies are undertaken. While higher (i.e., several grams) quantities of caffeine are known to cause toxicity and potentially lethality, cases of mainly younger individuals who have experienced severe side effects and death despite consuming doses not otherwise known to cause such harm is troubling and deserves further study. An attempted case reconstruction is performed in an effort to shed light on this issue with a focus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of caffeine.

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Excessive caffeine consumption (1-1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), with symptoms including anxiety, agitation, insomnia, gastrointestinal disorders, tremors, and mental disorders.
“However, excessive caffeine consumption (1~1.5 g/day) can cause caffeine poisoning (caffeinism), which includes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders.”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [12]

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Ye, J. J., Nagy, E., & Millard, J. T. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb738 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

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Authors: Willson, C.
Corresponding author: Willson, Cyril
Venue: Toxicology Reports
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018
Volume: 5
Pages: 1140-1152
ISSN: 2214-7500 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.002
PMC: PMC6247400
OpenAlex: W2899447541
Cited by: 289
References: 197
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 8 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 2.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 304 d)
Locations: Toxicology Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Keywords: caffeine, caffeine toxicity, psychostimulants, pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, mechanism of action, case reconstruction, young adults

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The clinical toxicology of caffeine: A review and case study

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