Palmitoylethanolamide, endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in protection against tissue inflammation and pain: potential use in companion animals

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Endocannabinoids

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Endovanilloids

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The clinical picture of neuropathic pain

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The VR1 Antagonist Capsazepine Reverses Mechanical Hyperalgesia in Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

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Cannabinoid receptors and the regulation of immune response

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Endovanilloid signaling in pain

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The Palmitoylethanolamide and Oleamide Enigmas: Are These Two Fatty Acid Amides Cannabimimetic?

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Inhibition of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia by Activation of Peripheral CB2Cannabinoid Receptors

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Antinociceptive activity of the endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitylethanolamide

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Lipopolysaccharide Induces Anandamide Synthesis in Macrophages via CD14/MAPK/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/NF-κB Independently of Platelet-activating Factor

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Palmitoylethanolamide Increases after Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Potentiates Microglial Cell Motility

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Are opioids effective in relieving neuropathic pain?

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Anandamide, but not 2‐arachidonoylglycerol, accumulates during in vivo neurodegeneration

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Palmitoylethanolamide enhances anandamide stimulation of human vanilloid VR1 receptors

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Selective activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation

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Mast cells: Beyond IgE

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Histamine induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in human skin

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Differential Roles of CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors in Mast Cells

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A neural pathway for itch

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Endocannabinoids and related fatty acid derivatives in pain modulation

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Molecular architecture of the vanilloid receptor

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Inhibitory effect of anandamide on resiniferatoxin-induced sensory neuropeptide release in vivo and neuropathic hyperalgesia in the rat

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A Novel Neuroimmune Mechanism in Cannabinoid-mediated Attenuation of Nerve Growth Factor–induced Hyperalgesia

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Cannabinoid 1 receptors are expressed by nerve growth factor- and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor-responsive primary sensory neurones

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Human mast cells take up and hydrolyze anandamide under the control of 5‐lipoxygenase and do not express cannabinoid receptors

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Cannabinoid modulation of peripheral autonomic and sensory neurotransmission

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Clinical and histological evaluation of an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide, PLR 120 (comicronized Palmidrol INN) in cats with eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophilic plaque: a pilot study

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Endocannabinoid Degradation, Endotoxic Shock and Inflammation

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The Pharmacology of Cannabis Indica

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Cloning and functional characterization of dog transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1)

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Effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on immunologically induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells

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Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside

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Analgesic actions of N ‐arachidonoyl‐serotonin, a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor with antagonistic activity at vanilloid TRPV1 receptors

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Endocannabinoid influence in drug reinforcement, dependence and addiction-related behaviors

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Endogenous Cannabinoids: Structure and Metabolism

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Quantification of brain endocannabinoid levels: methods, interpretations and pitfalls

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TRPV1: Structure, Endogenous Agonists, and Mechanisms

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N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine: Biochemistry and new therapeutic opportunities

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Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Related Analogs in Inflammation

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Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor

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Targeting inflammation: New therapeutic approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD)

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Palmitoylethanolamide reduces pain-related behaviors and restores glutamatergic synapses homeostasis in the medial prefrontal cortex of neuropathic mice

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The endocannabinoid system is modulated in response to spinal cord injury in rats

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Protective role of palmitoylethanolamide in contact allergic dermatitis

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Fish oil and inflammatory status alter the n-3 to n-6 balance of the endocannabinoid and oxylipin metabolomes in mouse plasma and tissues

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Development and validation of a quantitative method for the determination of 12 endocannabinoids and related compounds in human plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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Role and regulation of acylethanolamides in energy balance: focus on adipocytes and β‐cells

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Antiepileptic action of N-palmitoylethanolamine through CB1 and PPAR-α receptor activation in a genetic model of absence epilepsy

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Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts reactive astrogliosis induced by β-amyloid peptide

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Full Inhibition of Spinal FAAH Leads to TRPV1-Mediated Analgesic Effects in Neuropathic Rats and Possible Lipoxygenase-Mediated Remodeling of Anandamide Metabolism

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Palmitoylethanolamide in Homeostatic and Traumatic Central Nervous System Injuries

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Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity and addiction-related behavior

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Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on immunologically induced histamine, PGD2 and TNFα release from canine skin mast cells

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The ethanolamide metabolite of DHA, docosahexaenoylethanolamine, shows immunomodulating effects in mouse peritoneal and RAW264.7 macrophages: evidence for a new link between fish oil and inflammation

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The endocannabinoid system mediates aerobic exercise-induced antinociception in rats

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Symptom-related changes of endocannabinoid and palmitoylethanolamide levels in brain areas of R6/2 mice, a transgenic model of Huntington's disease

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Oral Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide: Plasma and Tissue Levels and Spinal Anti-hyperalgesic Effect

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Palmitoylethanolamide versus a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of temporomandibular joint inflammatory pain.

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Circulating and hepatic endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related molecules in patients with cirrhosis

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Effectiveness of the association micronized N-Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA)–transpolydatin in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain related to endometriosis after laparoscopic assessment: a pilot study

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Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis

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Dynamic changes to the endocannabinoid system in models of chronic pain

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A novel composite formulation of palmitoylethanolamide and quercetin decreases inflammation and relieves pain in inflammatory and osteoarthritic pain models

Britti, D., Crupi, R., Impellizzeri, D., Gugliandolo, E., Fusco, R., Schievano, C., Morittu, V. M., Evangelista, M., Paola, R. D., & Cuzzocrea, S. (2017) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1151-z · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Localization of cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and PPARα in the canine gastrointestinal tract

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Palmitoylethanolamide Reduces Granuloma-Induced Hyperalgesia by Modulation of Mast Cell Activation in Rats

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Toxicology of Marijuana, Synthetic Cannabinoids, and Cannabidiol in Dogs and Cats

Brutlag, A. G., & Hommerding, H. A. (2018) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.07.008 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Simultaneous measurement of three N-acylethanolamides in human bio-matrices using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Induce Peripheral Antinociception by Activation of the Endogenous Noradrenergic System

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Regulation and possible role of endocannabinoids and related mediators in hypercholesterolemic mice with atherosclerosis

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Effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 on the sleep-wake cycle, c-Fos expression and dopamine levels of the rat

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Anti‐inflammatory Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide on Human Adipocytes

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Overactivity of the intestinal endocannabinoid system in celiac disease and in methotrexate-treated rats

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Evaluation of fatty acid amides in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model

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Basal and Fasting/Refeeding‐regulated Tissue Levels of Endogenous PPAR‐α Ligands in Zucker Rats

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Adelmidrol, in combination with hyaluronic acid, displays increased anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects against monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats

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Determination of anandamide and other fatty acyl ethanolamides in human serum by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

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Levels of endocannabinoids and palmitoylethanolamide and their pharmacological manipulation in chronic granulomatous inflammation in rats

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Cannabis, Cannabidiol Oils and Tetrahydrocannabinol—What Do Veterinarians Need to Know?

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Efficacy of ultra‐micronized palmitoylethanolamide in canine atopic dermatitis: an open‐label multi‐centre study

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Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease

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Modulation of neuropathic-pain-related behaviour by the spinal endocannabinoid/endovanilloid system

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Time-dependent effect of in vivo inflammation on eicosanoid and endocannabinoid levels in plasma, liver, ileum and adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice fed a fish-oil diet

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The use of cannabinoids in animals and therapeutic implications for veterinary medicine: a review

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The endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function: novel insights and clinical implications

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New Targets in Pain, Non-Neuronal Cells, and the Role of Palmitoylethanolamide

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Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on intestinal injury and inflammation caused by ischemia-reperfusion in mice

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide and Its New Formulations in Synergy with Different Antioxidant Molecules Present in Diets

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Role of metabolic programming in the modulation of microglia phagocytosis by lipids

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Effects of intra-ventrolateral periaqueductal grey palmitoylethanolamide on thermoceptive threshold and rostral ventromedial medulla cell activity

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Possible Anandamide and Palmitoylethanolamide involvement in human stroke

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The analgesic effect of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin, a FAAH inhibitor and TRPV1 receptor antagonist, associated with changes in rostral ventromedial medulla and locus coeruleus cell activity in rats

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Palmitoylethanolamide Reverses Paclitaxel-Induced Allodynia in Mice

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of new potential inhibitors of N-acylethanolamine hydrolyzing acid amidase

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Resiniferatoxin Mediated Ablation of TRPV1+ Neurons Removes TRPA1 as Well

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Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in spinal cord injury neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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Increased levels of palmitoylethanolamide and other bioactive lipid mediators and enhanced local mast cell proliferation in canine atopic dermatitis

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Measurement of Palmitoylethanolamide and Other N-Acylethanolamines During Physiological and Pathological Conditions

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Palmitoylethanolamide Reduces Early Renal Dysfunction and Injury Caused by Experimental Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice

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Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of cannabidiol in dogs: an update of current knowledge

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Diacerein is a potent and selective inhibitor of palmitoylethanolamide inactivation with analgesic activity in a rat model of acute inflammatory pain

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The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide.

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