The DOI matches its Crossref record; 156 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior
Abstract
Maturation of the reproductive system during puberty results in elevated levels of gonadal steroid hormones. These hormones sculpt neural circuits during adolescence, a time of dramatic rewiring of the nervous system. Here, we review the evidence that steroid-dependent organization of the adolescent brain programs a variety of adult behaviors in animals and humans. Converging lines of evidence indicate that adolescence may be a sensitive period for steroid-dependent brain organization and that variation in the timing of interactions between the hormones of puberty and the adolescent brain leads to individual differences in adult behavior and risk of sex-biased psychopathologies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“That is, at least in adulthood, this region participates in multiple brain networks and varies its functional involvement with these networks according to the nature of the stimulus environment and task demands.”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“More recently, theorists have proposed that AIC function goes beyond simply interpreting signals of arousal, and have argued that this region acts as an ‘integrative hub’ which is centrally involved in coordinating the recruitment of task- and context-relevant brain networks in response to arousal [10].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“This region is thought to act as a hub involved in the integration of cognitive and emotional information [10], and to have structural and functional connections to regions that feature prominently in current developmental models of adolescent decision making (e.g., the IPFC and striatum).”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“During adolescence there are hormonally-driven organizational and activational changes in the brain”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Sisk & Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“recent studies have demonstrated that there are organizational changes occurring during adolescence as well, and, moreover, that these organizational changes may be critical for activational changes to take place”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Sisk & Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“Activational changes are considered transient, and the brain systems affected by them often return to their pre-activated state when hormone levels subside”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Sisk & Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“organizational changes are permanent changes in the structure and organization of brain regions that are initiated by the release of hormones but not dependent on continuing hormone release”
From Impact of socio-emotional context, brain development, and pubertal maturation on adolescent risk-taking (2013) · cites this paper as Sisk & Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“These processes of restructuring in the pubertal brain are argued to be driven by hormonal changes (Sisk and Foster 2004;Sisk and Zehr 2005;Schulz et al. 2009) and to carry functional consequences on higher order brain functions such as executive functions and social cognition”
From Developmental Changes in Organization of Structural Brain Networks (2013) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr 2005
In the citing paper
“Sex hormones intensify adolescent behavioral and psychological changes (94–96), but in emerging adulthood and into adulthood, average rates of depression, anxiety, and risk-taking decline.”
From Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage (2020) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“adolescence is often a time when various mental illnesses emerge such as mood disorders, drug abuse disorders, eating disorders, and psychoses (Pine 2002; Chambers, Taylor et al. 2003; Sisk and Zehr 2005; Paus, Keshavan et al. 2008)”
From Developmental imaging genetics: Linking dopamine function to adolescent behavior (2014) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr 2005
In the citing paper
“During preadolescence, the dopaminergic system experiences a restructuring that involves a reduction in the density of dopamine receptors in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, leading to an increased dopamine response (see review by Sisk and Zehr 2005).”
From Sleep Problems Across Development: A Pathway to Adolescent Risk Taking Through Working Memory (2015) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr 2005
In the citing paper
“The same hormones that contribute to the developmental of the secondary sex characteristics also play a critical role in reorganizing neural circuitry (Schulz and Sisk, 2016, Sisk, 2016, Sisk and Zehr, 2005).”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“Consistent with the idea that adolescence is a sensitive period for the behavioral effects of gonadal hormones, animal models suggest that the behavioral response to gonadal hormones differs between pre- and post-pubertal animals.”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“Unlike the pre-pubertal brain, the post-pubertal brain is primed for steroid hormones to activate reproductive behavior (Sisk and Zehr, 2005).”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr, 2005
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, pubertal status is likely to modulate social fears and motivations, due to changing hormones and changing physical appearance (Forbes et al., 2010, Sisk and Zehr, 2005).”
From Gaining insight into adolescent vulnerability for social anxiety from developmental cognitive neuroscience (2014) · cites this paper as Sisk and Zehr, 2005
Citations
Cites
The Physiology of Reproduction
Legendre, M., & Jalabert, B. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-2-176_1 · Cited by 7,876
Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood
Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S., Toga, A. W., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402680101 · Cited by 5,604
Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/13158 · Cited by 5,552
The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations
Spear, L. P. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00014-2 · Cited by 5,433
Williams Textbook of Endocrinology
Melmed, S., & Polonsky, K. S. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-15980-6 · Cited by 3,715
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83 · Cited by 2,517
PHOENIX, C. H., GOY, R. W., GERALL, A. A., & YOUNG, W. C. (1959) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-65-3-369 · Cited by 1,934
Adolescent Brain Development: A Period of Vulnerabilities and Opportunities. Keynote Address
DAHL, R. E. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.001 · Cited by 1,667
Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain
GIEDD, J. N. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.009 · Cited by 1,610
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-03789-7 · Cited by 1,543
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Menard, 2003, Testosterone increases flank marking in adult but not in prepubertal male hamsters, Horm. Behav., 44, 63
- Plant, 1994, Puberty in primates, vol. 2, 453
- Schulz, 2004, Ovarian hormones partially defeminize female lordosis behavior during puberty, Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts
- Schulz Wilson, 2002, Gonadal steroid hormones during puberty influence the social, submissive, and aggressive behaviors of adult male Syrian hamsters, Hormones Behav., 41, 488
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,001
Neurophysiological Development Across the Life Span
Jones, L. K. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119375487.ch2 · Cited by 1
Learning and plasticity in adolescence
Fuhrmann, D. (2017) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Savoie, A. D. (2019) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.50379 · Cited by 1
(2020) · Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) · Cited by 1
Hernández, D., Heinilä, E., Muotka, J. S., Ruotsalainen, I., Lapinkero, H., Syväoja, H. J., Tammelin, T., & Parviainen, T. M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.227181 · Cited by 1
(2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316106143.011 · Cited by 1
Hormones, the Brain, and Criminality
Ellis, L. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_59 · Cited by 1
Polito, I., & Berryessa, C. M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4768084 · Cited by 1
Distinct waves of ovarian follicles contribute to mouse oocyte productionPreprint
Yin, Q., & Spradling, A. C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.107352.1 · Cited by 1
Vroemen, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6754519 · Cited by 1
Ostojic, D. (2013) · Cited by 1
The adolescent brain : neurocognitive development and subject-related factors
Keulers, E. H. H. (2010) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20101203ek
Rappleyea, B. (2023) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/4927003
Sex differences and the role of sex hormones in face development and face processing
Marečková, K. (2013) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Prenatal testosterone exposure and numerical competence in children and adults
Brookes, H. (2011) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)
Rainisch, B. K. W. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Miller, D. W. (2015) · Medical Acupuncture · doi:10.1089/acu.2015.1090
Molecular Mechanisms of Sexual Dimorphism in Threespine Stickleback
Viitaniemi, H. M. (2015) · UTUPub (University of Turku)
Kočoska-Maraš, L. (2012) · Figshare
Sex differences in the effects of mother-infant separation on brain metabolism and behavior
Spivey, J. M. (2008) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
Testosterone, 17β-estradiol and pubertal growth
Albin, A. (2014) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Early sexual experience alters voluntary alcohol intake in adulthood
Morris, J. S., Weil, Z. M., & Nelson, R. J. (2014) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.01.035 · Cited by 1
Green, M. J. (2013) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
Tither, J. M. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/7287
Hersenstructuur tijdens de vroege puberteit
Peper, J. S., Kahn, R. S., Boomsma, D. I., & Pol, H. E. H. (2009) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
The Effects of Androgens on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Male Mammals
Mendell, A. L. (2014) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Morphological Differences in Adolescent Female to Male Transsexuals before Cross-Hormone Treatment
Bruchhage, M. M. K. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Children Consensus Statement on the Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in
Carel, J., Eugster, E. A., Rogol, A. D., & Ghizzoni, L. (2012)
Creating a 21 st Century Darwinian Paradigm
Crockford, S. J. (2008)
Wilkin, M. M. (2010) · QSpace (Queen's University Library)
Forster, A. (2015) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware)
The organisational effects of adolescent gonadal hormones on behavioural development in rats
Kulbarsh, K. D. (2014) · St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)
Iglesias, M. P. (2011) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
Hodes, G. E. (2007) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3h70frd
Early Puberty: The Interplay among Obesity, Hormones, the Brain, and the Environment
Pope, S., & Lytle, S. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology News · doi:10.1521/capn.2015.20.6.1
The Characteristic of Temporal Discounting on Age in Neural and Behavioral Views
He, J. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2012.01585
Rumian, N. L. (2016) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
Sexual Differentiation of the Mammalian Brain
Krebs‐Kraft, D. L., & McCarthy, M. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374928-4.10001-x
심경옥, & Chun, W. Y. (2015) · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 · doi:10.22172/cogbio.2015.27.3.004
Shram, M. J. (2008) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Early Sexual Experience Alters Adult Affective Responses and Immune Function
Morris, J. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Koss, W. A. (2013) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Retraso Puberal. Reporte de Caso
Campos, E., & Ponce, C. F. (2016) · Acta Pediátrica Hondureña · doi:10.5377/pediatrica.v6i1.2906
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg10
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg03
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg05
Adolescence: Transition to Physical Adulthood
Johnson, W. (2014) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-36838-6_8
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg06
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg07
Chapter 1. A Psychodynamic Developmental Orientation
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg01
Chapter 4. The Oedipal Phase and Emerging Capacities
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg04
Chapter 11. The Role of Developmental Thinking in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg11
Gonadal Hormonal Influences on the Adolescent Brain and Trajectories of Behavioral Development
Schulz, K. M., & Sisk, C. L. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00105-x
Self-citationDouglas, J. L. (2016) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Becker, J. B., Cummings, J., Perry, A. N., & Westenbroek, C. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375000-6.00194-4
Wright, L. (2011) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Neurodevelopment, Regeneration and Remodelling
Mitchell, I. (2014) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-36684-9_11
Gojska, N. M. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
The face predicts the brain: An investigation of facial morphology associated with autism
Tan, W. D. (2017) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · doi:10.4225/23/59d18e94a519c
Central Hypogonadism in the Male: Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Rohayem, J., & Nieschlag, E. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38681-2_10-1
Klinisch beleid ten aanzien van adolescenten met genderidentiteitsstoornis
Wouters, F. M., Schagen, S. E. E., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., & de Waal, H. A. D. (2008) · Pure Amsterdam UMC
Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior in the United States
Sales, J. M., & Irwin, C. E. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756797-0143
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Development in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Treit, S. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3bk1716f
SEX DIFFERENCES IN LIVER GENE EXPRESSION IN WT AND SF-1 KNOCKOUT MICE
Klenovšek, K. K., Španić, T., & Majdič, G. (2018) · Slovenian Veterinary Research · doi:10.26873/svr-423-2017
ENDOCANNABINOID REGULATION OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS
Simone, J. J. (2018) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
Environmental Pollution and Non-Perinatal Faulty Hormonal Imprinting: A Critical Review
Csaba, G. (2018) · Integrative Pediatrics and Child Care · doi:10.18314/ipcc.v1i1.1419
PubertyThis chapter is based in part on the chapter by Susman and Dorn .
Susman, E. J., & Dorn, L. D. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop206012
Hull, E. M., & Dominguez, J. M. (2012) · Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop203012
Fetal Testosterone: Developmental Effects on Externalizing Behavior
Webber, H. E. (2015) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Bogin, B. A. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511781193.027
Schorpp, K. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/eqge-2s37
Pereira, K. J. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.47.2019.tde-10092019-152911
(2013) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615370979.kg02
Biology of Sex Differences in Mast Cell-Mediated Disease.
Mackey, E. E. (2019) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)
Jowett, S. (2020) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.203611
Momani, A. (2019) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Gobbo, D. R., Pereira, L. D. S., Ferreira, J. G. P., Horta‐Júnior, J. D. A. C., Bittencourt, J. C., & Sá, S. I. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135657
Effects of Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress on Adolescent Rats
Kirschmann, E. K. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
The Implications of Adolescent Neuroscience on Policy
Galván, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316106143.009
Ampliando los horizontes del neuromarketing: disminución de los problemas adictivos en la comunidad
Aldana, J. C., & Domínguez-Marín, M. (2021) · Vivat Academia · doi:10.15178/va.2021.154.e1322
Galván, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316106143.010
Cognitive Neuroscience Methods to Study the Adolescent Brain
Galván, A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316106143.004
PCOS in adolescence: Pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic controversies
Crisosto, N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823045-9.00001-8
(2007) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32802e6d87
Developmental Psychopathology and Longitudinal Methods
Wright, A. G. C., & Hallquist, M. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316995808.018
Victoroff, J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139696432.013
(2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15462-35
Chaku, N., & Barry, K. R. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xq5up
Babarro, I., Andiarena, A., Fano, E., Lertxundi, N., & Ibarluzea, J. M. (2022) · EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzi eta Teknologi Aldizkaria · doi:10.1387/ekaia.22912
Understanding Female Crime and Antisocial Behavior through a Biosocial and Evolutionary Lens
Brown, S. L., & Robb, C. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119874898.ch4
Proceedings of the founding meeting of SF-DOHaD
Attig, L., Jaïs, J., Vigé, A., Beauger, A. A., Gross, M., Gallou‐Kabani, C., Gothié, J. M., Gabory, A., Jouneau, L., & Junien, C. (2013) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174412000797
Body moving towards the “WELL-BEING”
Valentini, M., Virgili, L., D’Isanto, T., & Ario, F. (2019) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2019.s5303
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802629-8.16001-2
Susman, E. J., Negriff, S. L., & Dorn, L. D. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0760
Metadata
- Authors
- Sisk, C. L., & Zehr, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sisk, Cheryl L.
- ORCID
- Sisk, Cheryl L.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 163-174
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2152591277
- Cited by
- 1,082
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 99 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068764, MH-068975, R01MH068764, F32MH068975)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- puberty, sex steroids, adolescent brain development, sensitive period, neural circuit maturation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Animals, Brain, Critical Period, Psychological, Female, Gonads, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Puberty, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sexual Maturation, Adolescent Development, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
