Worksite Opportunities for Wellness (WOW): Effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors after 1 year
Open accessAbstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a worksite health promotion program on improving cardiovascular disease risk factors.Methods In St Louis, Missouri from 2005 to 2006, 151 employees (134 F, 17 M, 81% overweight/obese) participated in a cohort-randomized trial comparing assessments + intervention (worksite A) with assessments only (worksite B) for 1 year. All participants received personal health reports containing their assessment results. The intervention was designed to promote physical activity and favorable dietary patterns using pedometers, healthy snack cart, WeightWatchers(R) meetings, group exercise classes, seminars, team competitions, and participation rewards. Outcomes included BMI, body composition, blood pressure, fitness, lipids, and Framingham 10-year coronary heart disease risk.Results 123 participants, aged 45+/-9 yr, with BMI 32.9+/-8.8 kg/m(2) completed 1 year. Improvements (P< or =0.05) were observed at both worksites for fitness, blood pressure, and total-, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol. Additional improvements occurred at worksite A in BMI, fat mass, Framingham risk score, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome; only the changes in BMI and fat mass were different between worksites.Conclusion A multi-faceted worksite intervention promoted favorable changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors, but many of the improvements were achieved with worksite health assessments and personalized health reports in the absence of an intervention.
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Studies provide relatively consistent evidence that comprehensive worksite wellness programs improve health behaviors and related clinical risk factors.
“In sum, these studies provide relatively consistent evidence that such programs improve health behaviors and related clinical risk factors (Table 6).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs reduce systolic blood pressure by ≈7 mm Hg.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs reduce smoking by 14%.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs lower estimated global CVD risk by ≈13%.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs increase daily activity and walking.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs reduce body fat by 9%.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs improve diet, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Limitations of comprehensive worksite wellness program studies include inconsistent methodology across trials, often relatively small sizes (N<400), and short durations of follow-up (typically <6 months, with a few studies having follow-up of 12 to 18 months).
“However, limitations were noted, including inconsistent methodology across trials, often relatively small sizes (N<400), and short durations of follow-up (typically <6 months, with a few studies having a follow-up of 12 to 18 months).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
Interventions targeting higher-risk employees appear especially effective.
“Interventions targeting higher-risk employees appear especially effective.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [281]
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- Authors
- Racette, S. B., Deusinger, S. S., Inman, C. L., Burlis, T. L., Highstein, G. R., Buskirk, T. D., Steger-May, K., & Peterson, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Racette, Susan B.
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 108-114
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4399499
- OpenAlex
- W2031707732
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 18.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (R01 DP000092)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- workplace health promotion, cardiovascular risk factors, overweight and obesity, pedometers, physical activity, dietary habits, metabolic syndrome, Framingham risk score, blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, employee wellness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Feasibility Studies, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Occupational Health Services, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Program Evaluation, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Workplace
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