What nitrates tyrosine? Is nitrotyrosine specific as a biomarker of peroxynitrite formation in vivo?
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a 'reactive nitrogen species' that can be formed (among other reactions) by combination of superoxide (O2.-) and nitric oxide (NO.) radicals. It is being increasingly proposed as a contributor to tissue injury in several human diseases. The evidence presented for peroxynitrite participation usually includes the demonstration of increased nitrotyrosine levels in the injured tissue. Indeed, this is often the only evidence presented: the assumption is that formation of nitrotyrosine is a biomarker specifically diagnostic of ONOO- production. The present article examines this assumption and concludes that nitrotyrosine is a biomarker for 'nitrating species' rather than being specific for ONOO-.
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Peroxynitrite is formed by phagocytes to kill invading microorganisms, but at high concentrations can oxidise host biomolecules by nitration, causing cellular damage responsible for diverse diseases.
“Peroxynitrite is formed by phagocytes for killing invading microorganisms, nevertheless if in high concentrations can oxidise several host biomolecules by nitration with the consequent cellular damages being responsible for diverse diseases [26].”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Halliwell, B.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Halliwell, Barry
- ORCID
- Halliwell, Barry
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-07-14
- Volume
- 411
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 157-160
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W1974185399
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
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- FWCI
- 16.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Keywords
- nitrotyrosine, peroxynitrite, reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide, superoxide, biomarkers, tissue damage, nitration
- MeSH terms
- Free Radicals, Humans, Peroxidase, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitrous Acid, Superoxides, Tyrosine, Molecular Structure, Biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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