The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 23 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate
Open accessAbstract
Objective To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful. Design Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC. Setting Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto. Patient(s) Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Intervention(s) The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses. Main outcome measure(s) Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates. Result(s) With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Conclusion(s) Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility. Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
19 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 8 Own interpretation · 4 Sources not found · 2 Own method · 1 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In ovulatory patients, the serum E 2 level was 719 pmol/L in letrozole treatment cycles versus 3,003 pmol/L in CC treatment cycles.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The mean number of follicles measuring Ͼ1.5 cm on the day of hCG administration was 2.3 (range, 1-4).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
plaindirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the day of hCG administration in patients with PCOS, the mean serum E 2 concentration was 962 pmol/L in letrozole treatment cycles, versus 1,638 pmol/L in CC treatment cycles.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Mean endometrial thicknesses on the day of hCG administration in patients with PCOS and ovulatory patients was 0.81 and 0.89 cm with letrozole, compared with 0.62 and 0.52 cm in CC treatment cycles, respectively.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
plaindirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No pregnancy was achieved in any of the ovulatory cycles.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plainn = 12- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Pregnancy was achieved in 3 cycles (25%), 2 of which were singleton clinical pregnancies and 1 of which was a chemical pregnancy.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
plaindirectn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean endometrial thicknesses on the day of hCG administration in patients with PCOS and ovulatory patients was 0.81 and 0.89 cm with letrozole, compared with 0.62 and 0.52 cm in CC treatment cycles, respectively.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“A singleton clinical pregnancy (10%) resulted from timed intrauterine insemination in one couple with unexplained infertility who developed 2 follicles of Ͼ1.5 cm.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The mean number of follicles measuring Ͼ1.5 cm on the day of hCG administration was 2.5 follicles (range, 1-5).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
plaindirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ovulation occurred in 8 cycles (44.4%) with an endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy. · plain
“With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy. · plain
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the time of writing, the three clinical pregnancies had resulted in a normal live birth and two ongoing singleton pregnancies.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the endometrial thickness was Յ0.5 cm in all cycles, and no pregnancy was achieved.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared with CC, letrozole produced a significantly thicker endometrium on the day of hCG administration despite the significantly lower E 2 levels in both patients with PCOS and the ovulatory patients.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aromatase inhibitors have potential as alternatives to, or even replacements for, CC as a first-line treatment for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for augmentation of ovulation in ovulatory infertility patients.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
hedgedconditionaln = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Recent data support a stimulatory role for androgens in early follicular growth in primates, in contrast to the inhibitory effect observed in rodents (21).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Weil, 1998, Androgen receptor gene expression in the primate ovary, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Kettel, 1993, Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian response to clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Fertil Steril source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“These aromatase inhibitors have a relatively short half-life compared with CC and therefore would be eliminated from the body rapidly (14,15).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Lipton, 1995, Letrozole (CGS 20267), Cancer source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] Iveson, 1993, Phase I study of the oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor CGS 20267 in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer, Cancer Res source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Continuous administration of letrozole up to 5 mg/d produced marked suppression of E 2 , estrone, and estrone sulfate, with very few side effects (14,15).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Lipton, 1995, Letrozole (CGS 20267), Cancer source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] Iveson, 1993, Phase I study of the oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor CGS 20267 in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer, Cancer Res source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition, androgen accumulation in the follicle may stimulate insulin-like growth factor, along with other endocrine and paracrine factors, which may synergize with FSH to promote folliculogenesis (25)(26)(27).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (25)(26)(27)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The absolute systemic bioavailability of letrozole after oral administration was 100% compared with the same dose given IV (19).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Sioufi, 1997, Absolute bioavailability of letrozole in healthy post-menopausal women, Biopharm Drug Dispos source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Testosterone was found to augment follicular FSH receptor expression in primates, which suggests that androgens promote follicular growth and estrogen biosynthesis indirectly by amplifying FSH effects (22)(23)(24).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (22)(23)(24)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Some investigators have proposed combined CC and low-dose glucocorticoid therapy for the treatment of CCresistant anovulation (28 -31).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [28] Lobo, 1982, Clomiphene and dexamethasone in women unresponsive to clomiphene alone, Obstet Gynecol
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] Singh, 1992, Clomiphene-dexamethasone treatment of clomiphene resistant women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome, J Reprod Med
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] Daly, 1984, A randomized study of dexamethasone in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate, Fertil Steril source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] Diamant, 1980, Induction of ovulation by combined clomiphene citrate and dexamethasone treatment in clomiphene citrate nonresponders, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > Abstract Objective: To use aromatase inhibition for induction of ovulation in women in whom clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment was unsuccessful.Design: Prospective trial in infertility patients treated with CC.Setting: Two tertiary-referral infertility clinics associated with the Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Toronto.Patient(s): Twelve patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, all of whom had previously received CC with an inadequate outcome (no ovulation and/or endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm).Intervention(s): The aromatase inhibitor letrozole was given orally in a dose of 2.5 mg on days 3-7 after menses.Main Outcome Measure(s): Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rates.Result(s): With CC treatment in patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 8 of 18 cycles (44.4%), and all ovulatory cycles for the women included in this study had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.In 10 ovulatory patients, 15 CC cycles resulted in a mean number of 2.5 mature follicles, but all cycles had endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm on the day of hCG administration.With letrozole treatment in the same patients with PCOS, ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles (75%) and pregnancy was achieved in 3 patients (25%).In the 10 patients with ovulatory infertility, letrozole treatment resulted in a mean number of 2.3 mature follicles and mean endometrial thickness of 0.8 cm.Pregnancy was achieved in 1 patient (10%).Conclusion(s): Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.Letrozole appears to avoid the unfavorable effects on the endometrium frequently seen with antiestrogen use for ovulation induction.(Fertil Steril 2001;75:305-9.©2001 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) In women with World Health Organization type II anovulatory infertility, the treatment of first choice for the induction of ovulation is an antiestrogen, most commonly clomiphene citrate (CC) (1,2).However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.In addition, clinical data have revealed a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates during CC treatment and a higher than expected incidence of miscarriage in conception cycles (3)(4)(5)(6).These observations have been attributed to the antiestrogenic mechanism of action of CC, which involves long-lasting estrogen receptor (ER) depletion.It also appears that CC accumulates in the body because of its long half-life (7).As a result, CC may have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of cervical mucus (8), on endometrial development (9), and on other as yet undetermined fertility factors (10,11). After failure of CC, gonadotropin preparations such as hMG or pure FSH have been used as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction.In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), because of the high sensitivity of the ovaries to gonadotropin stimulation, treatment with hMG or pure FSH is difficult to control and characteristically induces several ovulatory follicles, leading to the risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (12).Therefore, a simple oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring would be the preferred therapy.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (3)(4)(5)(6)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, the results of this preliminary study suggest that the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is an orally effective, inexpensive method for stimulating follicular development.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
hedgeddirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The subsequent increase in gonadotropin secretion could stimulate ovarian follicle development, as reported previously in the Bonnet monkey (20).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] Shetty, 1997, Effect of estrogen deprivation on the reproductive physiology of male and female primates, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A 2-month washout period before the letrozole cycles was used to eliminate any posttreatment effect of CC.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > MATERIALS AND METHODS
plaindirectn = 22- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Endometrial thickness was assessed as we have described previously (9) and as performed routinely in our clinic for the last 10 years.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > MATERIALS AND METHODS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Gonen, 1990, Sonographic determination of an adverse effect of clomiphene citrate on endometrial growth, Hum Reprod source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Other investigators have described the use of extended duration and higher doses of CC (32)(33)(34)(35).”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (32)(33)(34)(35)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identical criteria were used for administration of hCG in both the CC-and letrozole-treated cycles.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > MATERIALS AND METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.
“However, 20%-25% of women are resistant to CC and do not ovulate.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Letrozole is a specific, reversible, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that suppresses estrogen biosynthesis.
“Letrozole (4,4Ј-[1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethylene]-bis-benzonitrile) is a specific, reversible, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that suppresses estrogen biosynthesis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The disposition of letrozole in healthy postmenopausal women is characterized by steady-state plasma concentrations in 4-8 hours and a half-life of approximately 45 hours.
“The disposition of letrozole in healthy postmenopausal women is characterized by steady-state plasma concentrations in 4 -8 hours and a half-life of approximately 45 hours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CC is the most commonly prescribed medication for ovulation induction.
“CC is the most commonly prescribed medication for ovulation induction.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Women with ovulatory disorders who are resistant to standard doses of CC generally become candidates for gonadotropin therapy.
“Women with ovulatory disorders who are resistant to standard doses of CC generally become candidates for gonadotropin therapy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Severe OHSS and the high risk of multiple pregnancy are major disadvantages of gonadotropin treatment, especially in young women with PCOS.
“However, severe OHSS and the high risk of multiple pregnancy are major disadvantages of gonadotropin treatment, especially in young women with PCOS.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Aromatase inhibitors were proposed as ovulation-inducing agents in 2001. 236”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [236]
In the citing paper
“Ovulation induction with letrozole is associated with an ovulation rate of 70%-84% and a pregnancy rate of 20%-27% per cycle.”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“In a small study (50), 12 PCOS patients with inadequate response to CC were treated with letrozole.Of 12 patients, 9 (75%) ovulated, and 3 conceived; the mean endometrial thickness was 8.1 mm (6.2 mm with CC).”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Recently, it was suggested that letrozole, a specific reversible, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that suppresses estrogen biosynthesis (16), can successfully replace clomiphene citrate in superovulation treatment of patients with unexplained infertility or polycystic ovarian disease and in poor responders (17,18).”
From Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (2003) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Two doses regimens have been tested (2.5 mg and 5 mg) with similar response (8,9).”
From A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation (2004) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Mitwally and Casper (8) used letrozole (2.5 mg daily for 5 days) in 12 women with inadequate response to CC. Ovulation occurred in 9 of 12 cycles and 3 patients conceived.”
From A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation (2004) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“The ideal dose of letrozole for superovulation or ovulation induction is still unknown.”
From A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation (2004) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Compared with CC, letrozole is associated with a thicker endometrium (8).”
From A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation (2004) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“In a selected population of women with a thin endometrium (mean, 5 mm) after clomiphene treatment, letrozole treatment in the early follicular phase resulted in a significant increase in midcycle endometrial thickness (mean, 9 mm) (21).”
From A randomized double-blind comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on ovulatory function in normal women (2002) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
“Ovulation occurred in 8 cycles (44.4%) with an endometrial thickness of Յ0.5 cm.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > DISCUSSION
“Endometrial thickness (cm) on day of hCG 0.81 Ϯ 0.14 0.62 Ϯ 0.25 Ͻ.01 0.7-1.1 0.3-1.20.8 0.6”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > RESULTS
“However, the endometrial thickness was Յ0.5 cm in all cycles, and no pregnancy was achieved.”
§ Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate > FERTILITY & STERILITY
“Endometrial thickness (cm) on day of hCG 0.89 Ϯ 0.12 0.5 Ϯ 0.1 Ͻ.001 0.7-1.1 0.3-0.6 0.9 0.5”
Citations
Cites
Franks, S. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199509283331307 · Cited by 2,463
Franks, S. (1997) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.77.1.89 · Cited by 802
Androgens stimulate early stages of follicular growth in the primate ovary
Vendola, K. A., Zhou, J., Adesanya, O. O., Weil, S. J., & Bondy, C. A. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci2081 · Cited by 712
Androgen and follicle stimulating hormone interactions in primate ovarian follicle development
Weil, S., Vendola, K., Zhou, J., & Bondy, C. A. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.8.5929 · Cited by 592
Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Ovarian Follicular Development*
Giudice, L. C. (1992) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-13-4-641 · Cited by 521
Weil, S. J., Vendola, K., Zhou, J., Adesanya, O. O., Wang, J., Okafor, J., & Bondy, C. A. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.7.4917 · Cited by 359
Vendola, K., Zhou, J., Wang, J., Famuyiwa, O. A., Bievre, M., & Bondy, C. A. (1999) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod61.2.353 · Cited by 324
Effect of estrogen deprivation on the reproductive physiology of male and female primates
Shetty, G., Krishnamurthy, H., Krishnamurthy, H. N., Bhatnagar, A. S., & Moudgal, R. N. (1997) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(97)80008-8 · Cited by 306
Dunaif, A., Heindel, J. J., & Chang, R. (2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203910948 · Cited by 283
Gysler, M., March, C. M., Mishell, D. R., & Bailey, E. J. (1982) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46033-4 · Cited by 270
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Shoham Z, Weissman A. Polycystic ovarian disease: obesity and insulin resistance. In: Kempers RD, Cohen J, Haney AF, Younger JB, eds. Fertility and reproductive medicine. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Singapore, Tokyo: Elsevier, 1998:263–72.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 799
The use of aromatase inhibitors in infertility and gynecology
Al-Shalati, J., & Tulandi, T. (2011) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/eog.11.30 · Cited by 2
Piezosurgical Mandibular Ridge Expansion for Immediate Implant Placement
Kumar, N. S., & Nettem, S. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1065 · Cited by 2
The Peri-Implant Zone: A Review of Literature
Mahesh, L., & Dhir, S. (2011) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1037 · Cited by 2
Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Yasmin, E., & Balen, A. H. (2007) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/17455057.3.3.355 · Cited by 4
“Letrozole has been found to be effective in clomifene-resistant PCOS [110].”
BackgroundNavaneetham, A., Chokanda, J. A., & Bhatnagar, S. (2011) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1031 · Cited by 2
Swati, S. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1089 · Cited by 2
Mind the Gap: The Platform Switching Concept
Ramdev, P. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1080 · Cited by 2
Babu, C. S., Rohit, P., Deepa, R., Jnandev, K., & Pasha, M. F. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1087 · Cited by 2
Mehta, D. S., Kumar, A. T., & Agarwal, C. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1110 · Cited by 2
Tabrizi, R., & Azizi, M. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1094 · Cited by 2
Kurtzman, G. M., Luchetti, C. G., Kitrilakis, A. E., & Ostrowicz, D. I. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1082 · Cited by 2
Patil, S. N., & Karemore, V. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1126 · Cited by 2
Anastrozole is a dose-specific superovulator and favors implantation in rats: a prospective study
Mwakikunga, A., & Hosie, M. J. (2015) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2180-1 · Cited by 2
Sun, X., Jiang, L., Ji, L., Nie, R., Chen, H., Jin, L., Zhu, G., & Qian, K. X. (2017) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.01.008 · Cited by 2
Tension Pneumocephalus after Frontal Sinus Fracture: Mount Fuji Sign
Ranwaka, A. A., & Mehta, A. S. (2017) · Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1271 · Cited by 2
A comparative study of efficacy of letrozole and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction
Jain, S., Dahiya, P., Yadav, J., & Jain, N. (2018) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184141 · Cited by 2
“In the present study, demographic characteristics of participants i.e. age, mean infertility period and BMI were comparable similar to study done by Atay et al who reported mean age of 27.2±0.9 years in letrozole group (n=51) vs. 26.2±1.1 years in CC group (n=55).7 The present study showed better ovulation rates in gr…”
ResultInfluentialInfertility: Evaluation and Treatment
Goldberg, J. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-032303247-6.10012-7 · Cited by 2
Implant Supported Overdenture: A Step ahead from Edentulism
Khalikar, S. A., Bhandare, V., & Dange, S. P. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1141 · Cited by 2
Implant Uncovery and Soft-tissue Modification Utilizing a Diode Laser
Mahesh, L., & Kurtzman, G. M. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1131 · Cited by 2
Clozapine-resistant Schizophrenia: Strategies for the Busy Clinician
Jain, M. (2017) · Indian Journal of Private Psychiatry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10067-0004 · Cited by 2
Nagrath, R., Lahori, M., Rai, R., & Kaur, M. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1129 · Cited by 2
Nonsyndromic Maxillary Double Lip: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Sriram, G., & Shah, K. M. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1142 · Cited by 2
Mahtab, N. T., Mahmud, N., & Chowdhury, T. (2019) · BIRDEM Medical Journal · doi:10.3329/birdem.v9i3.43087 · Cited by 2
Various Treatment Modalities for Retrieval of Broken Abutment Screw in Implant Prosthodontics
Gupta, H., Singh, A. V., Priyadarshi, S., Yusuf, S. M., & Srivastava, S. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical Implant Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10004-1035 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of Synthesized Ester or Amide Coumarin Derivatives on Aromatase Inhibitory Activity
Yamaguchi, Y., Nishizono, N., & Oda, K. (2020) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b20-00035 · Cited by 3
Clomiphene versus letrozole: a better agent for ovulation induction
Maji, A., Ramani, M. V., & Kiran, K. (2020) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204303 · Cited by 2
“It has a high pregnancy rate, around 80%, due to its minimal antiestrogenic effect on endometrium as compared to clomiphene citrate.(5) With increase in the incidence of insulin resistance and clomiphene resistance cases, letrozole can emerge as an ideal alternative for such patients.”
BackgroundAbu, H. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/27856 · Cited by 3
“in ovulation induction in anovulatory women in 2001 (91).”
BackgroundTitanium Hypersensitivity: A Clinical Study
Babu, C. S., Pasha, M. F., Satpathy, S., & Gowda, G. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1108 · Cited by 2
Letrozole and Unexplained Infertility: A Contemporary Meta-analysis
Shao, Y.-H., & Tulandi, T. (2019) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2018.12.001 · Cited by 2
Shenoy, K., Sarfaraz, H., Hussain, A., & Sucheta, P. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1128 · Cited by 2
Letrozole in Fertility Therapy
Marguerie, M., & Bedaiwy, M. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_7 · Cited by 3
Selvaraj, K., & Priya, S. (2004) · Cited by 2
Tilted Implant Concept for Full Mouth Immediate Loading Restoration
Singh, A. V., & Singh, S. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1109 · Cited by 1
A Case of Isolated Sphenoid Sinusitis with Orbital Complication and Maxillary Osteomyelitis
Maurya, D. R. (2017) · Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1264 · Cited by 1
No 362 - Déclenchement de l'ovulation en présence d'un syndrome des ovaires polykystiques
Smithson, D. S., Vause, T. D. R., & Cheung, A. P. (2018) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2018.05.013 · Cited by 2
Esthetic Rehabilitation with Immediate Implants in a Compromised Situation
Viswambaran, M., Dhiman, R. K., & Saini, D. K. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1117 · Cited by 1
Yasmin, M., Banu, J., Akhter, D., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232272 · Cited by 1
High-response intrauterine insemination cycles converted to low-cost in vitro fertilization
Al-Inany, H. (2011) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s19569 · Cited by 1
“The success of aromatase inhibition by letrozole in inducing ovulation in anovulatory women with polycystic ovarian syndrome 19 and augmenting ovulation in ovulatory women 19,20 has been reported previously.”
Müderris, İ. İ., & Öner, G. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25555 · Cited by 1
“No adverse perinatal outcome following aromatase inhibitor use has yet been reported in the published, peer-reviewed literature, although the authors of a study presented during the American Society for Reproductive Medicine meeting in 2005 reported a higher rate of congenital anomalies with 5 mg anastrozole (24, 25,…”
BackgroundMinimal and Natural Stimulations for IVF
Jerome, H. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/39144 · Cited by 1
“, letrozole can be substituted for the clomiphene (9,10).”
BackgroundFertility Preservation, ART, and Breast Cancer
Revelli, A., Salvagno, F., Casano, S., Piane, L. D., & Benedetto, C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17278-1_4 · Cited by 1
Effects of aromatase inhibitor on menopausal hyperplasia in a case of obesity
Koloszár, S., Pál, Z., Keresztúri, A., Vajda, G., Pál, A., & Daru, J. (2011) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2011.604143 · Cited by 1
Prosthetically Driven Implants: How much a Reality?
Gupta, H., Singh, A. V., & Panghal, V. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1091 · Cited by 1
Immediate Load Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Implant Prosthetics
Kurtzman, G. M., Grande, M., & Baroncini, C. V. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1072 · Cited by 1
Sundar, M. K., Lakhanpal, S., Pasha, M. F., & Gautam, A. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1100 · Cited by 1
Ruiz, F., & García-Velasco, J. A. (2011) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/eog.11.62 · Cited by 1
Kalavathy, N., Dinesh, M., Shetty, M. M., Shetty, A., & Sridevi, J. (2011) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1045 · Cited by 1
Letrozole versus Clomiphene Citrate in Patients with Anovulatory Infertility
Paul, P., Gada, D., Parihar, M., & Bhowmik, S. (2009) · Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1038 · Cited by 1
Reproductive Disorders and Obesity in Males and Females and Focus on the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Repaci, A., & Pasquali, R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_40-1 · Cited by 1
Edlan-Mejchar Vestibular Deeping in a Failing Implant Case
Thomas, B., & Madani, S. M. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1103 · Cited by 1
Aletebi, F. A., & Alaa, N. (2013) · Evidence Based Women s Health Journal · doi:10.1097/01.ebx.0000423422.43867.a7 · Cited by 1
Shayegh, S., Semyari, H., Shahraki, A. F., & Hakimaneh, S. M. R. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1076 · Cited by 1
Demystifying the Retrievability of Cement-retained Implant-supported Restorations
Mahesh, L., Nagrath, R., Lahori, M., & Kaushik, P. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1111 · Cited by 1
Latest Advances in Concepts and Treatment Protocols of Dental Implants: A Brief Review
Sarfaraz, H., & Chhabra, S. (2011) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1047 · Cited by 1
Mahajan, N., & Singh, S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1686-5_12 · Cited by 1
Treatment of Folliculo-Luteal Insufficiency
Siklósi, G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39540-1_4 · Cited by 1
Denture Stabilization with Mini Dental Implants
Patel, P. B. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical Implant Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10004-1042 · Cited by 2
Jain, N. V., Dugal, R., & Shinde, P. H. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical Implant Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10004-1046 · Cited by 1
Singh, A. K., Tomar, S., & Verma, N. (2014) · Cited by 1
Mild Stimulation Protocol for Poor Ovarian Responders Undergoing IVF
Revelli, A., Casano, S., & Benedetto, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53454-1_16 · Cited by 1
Pierson, R. A. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315157269-8 · Cited by 2
Parayaruthottam, P., & Antony, V. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1137 · Cited by 1
Cold Shoulder to Basal Implant: Its Time to Acknowledge Endosteal Implant
Shukla, V., Gajjar, D., Shukla, R., & Jain, S. R. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1140 · Cited by 1
Implant Retained Fixed Prosthesis
Kalavathy, N., Anantharaj, N., Kapoor, A., & Venkataramani, A. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical Implant Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10004-1040 · Cited by 1
Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser Syndrome
Agarwal, V., & Borkar, S. (2014) · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10058-0023 · Cited by 1
Soni, M. L., Gupta, J., & Meena, A. (2020) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202339 · Cited by 1
“The use of CC may be associated with poor cervical mucous and endometrial thinning in 15-20% of patients due to prolonged estrogen receptor depletion in the endometrium and possibly in the cervix.7-11 Clomiphene citrate, which is the most commonly prescribed medication, initiates ovulation by blocking the negative fee…”
BackgroundInfluentialPandya, M. R., & Patel, K. (2021) · Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research · doi:10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.113 · Cited by 1
Bali, P., Gupta, G., Khashu, H., & Baiju, C. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1070 · Cited by 1
Puscheck, E. E. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139628938.063 · Cited by 1
Sel, G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29669-8_42 · Cited by 1
Ali, H. A. A. W., Aly, T., & Ragab, A. A. (2022) · Evidence Based Women s Health Journal · doi:10.21608/ebwhj.2021.113640.1164 · Cited by 1
“These include ovarian hyperstimulation, multiple pregnancies, cycle cancellation, and are not cost-effective[12-15].”
BackgroundNazmashamim, N., Lokeshwari, K., & Basavaradder, V. (2022) · The New Indian Journal of OBGYN · doi:10.21276/obgyn.2022.9.1.6 · Cited by 1
Young, S.-H. R., Chang, Y.-E., Yang, W. V., et al. (2023) · Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2022.08.017 · Cited by 1
Nazneen, S., Banu, J., Ishrat, S., Deeba, F., Rani, C., Jahan, S., Akter, S., & Debnath, M. (2023) · Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.36348/sijog.2023.v06i09.002 · Cited by 1
Extended Letrozole Regimen For Treatment Of Clomiphene Resistant PCO Patient
Wafa, Y., El-Omda, F. A., & Kamaly, M. A. M. (2023) · Al-Azhar International Medical Journal /Al-Azhar International Medical Journal · doi:10.58675/2682-339x.2162 · Cited by 1
Luk, J., & Patrizio, P. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139192736.027 · Cited by 1
Martinez, A. M., & Lindheim, S. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6837-0_14 · Cited by 1
ART: skills, techniques and present status
Coward, K., & Wells, D. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139192736.025 · Cited by 1
EFFICACY OF LETROZOLE VERSUS CLOMIPHENE CITRATE IN ANOVULATORY INFERTILITY
Razzaq, S., Rasheed, S., Pansota, M. S., et al. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1
Balakrishnan, D., Kalahasti, D., Hegde, V., & Narayana, A. I. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1073 · Cited by 1
Lee, J.-H., Shin, D.-S., Kim, H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.4048/jbc.2008.11.3.133 · Cited by 1
Objective Assessment of Implants Stability placed in Fresh Extraction Socket using Periotest Device
Goyal, M., & Saini, G. S. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1069 · Cited by 1
Lateral Sinus Augmentation: A Simplified Safer Approach
Kurtzman, G. M., & Dompkowski, D. F. (2013) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1098 · Cited by 1
Déclenchement de l'ovulation en présence du syndrome des ovaires polykystiques
Vause, T. D. R., Cheung, A. P., Cheung, A. P., Sierra, S., Claman, P., Graham, J., Guillemin, J.-A., Lapensée, L., Stewart, S., Vause, T. D. R., et al. (2010) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)34505-4 · Cited by 1
Valcanaia, T. D. C., Bustamante, G. L., & Machado, R. (2012) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1083 · Cited by 1
The Role of Androgens in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
Revel, A., & Hyman, J. H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1686-5_15 · Cited by 1
The Role of Assisted Reproduction in the Cancer Patient
Patrizio, P., & Levi-Setti, P. E. (2016) · Current clinical urology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27711-0_15 · Cited by 1
Shrivastava, D., Gupta, M., Samal, S., Bagde, N., Mishra, N. K., & Gupta, S. (2017) · Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University · doi:10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_14_17 · Cited by 6
Tandon, S., Giridher, V., & Juneja, A. (2017) · Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1262 · Cited by 1
Rare Case of Spindle Cell Carcinoma in Inverted Papilloma
Singh, S. K., Joshi, K. D., & Saxena, S. (2017) · Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1267 · Cited by 1
Yadav, D. P. (2018) · Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research · doi:10.18535/jmscr/v6i6.57 · Cited by 1
Kishk, E. A. (2019) · Evidence Based Women s Health Journal · doi:10.21608/ebwhj.2019.33487 · Cited by 1
“Aromatase inhibitors were first used in ovulation induction in 2001[5-7].”
MethodKannan, D., Kumar, L. B., & Subiksha, P. S. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1138 · Cited by 1
Kumar, D., Singh, S. K., Gupta, H., Agrawal, R., Natu, S. S., & Gupta, N. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1134 · Cited by 1
Ravichandran, R., & Kapoor, K. (2015) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1136 · Cited by 1
Desai, P., Vyas, A., Khare, E., & Dhiman, Y. (2014) · International Journal of Oral Implantology and Clinical Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1120 · Cited by 1
Transverse Vaginal Septum: A Rare Case diagnosed during Labor
Kaur, K., Kaur, B., Kaur, A., & Gupta, R. (2014) · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10058-0020 · Cited by 1
Franik, S., Le, Q., Eltrop, S., et al. (2020) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-020-04705-0 · Cited by 1
Chopra, S. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i1d.819 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Mitwally, M. F. M., & Casper, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Casper, Robert F
- ORCID
- Casper, Robert F
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 305-309
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165232862
- Cited by
- 800
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 14.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Keywords
- letrozole, aromatase inhibitors, ovulation induction, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovulatory infertility, anovulatory infertility, endometrial thickness, pregnancy rate, follicle recruitment
- MeSH terms
- Letrozole, Anovulation, Endometrium, Enzyme Inhibitors, Estradiol, Female, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Humans, Infertility, Female, Luteinizing Hormone, Nitriles, Ovulation Induction, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Triazoles, Aromatase Inhibitors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
