The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesis
Open accessAbstract
The development of a cortically based vision prosthesis has been hampered by a lack of basic experiments on phosphene psychophysics. This basic research has been hampered by the lack of a means to safely stimulate large numbers of cortical neurons. Recently, a number of laboratories have developed arrays of silicon microelectrodes that could enable such basic studies on phosphene psychophysics. This paper describes one such array, the Utah electrode array, and summarizes neurosurgical, physiological and histological experiments that suggest that such an array could be implanted safely in visual cortex. We also summarize a series of chronic behavioral experiments that show that modest levels of electrical currents passed into cortex via this array can evoke sensory percepts. Pending the successful outcome of biocompatibility studies using such arrays, high count arrays of penetrating microelectrodes similar to this design could provide a useful tool for studies of the psychophysics of phosphene perception in human volunteers. Such studies could provide a proof-of-concept for cortically based artificial vision.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex
Brindley, G. S., & Lewin, W. S. (1968) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008519 · Cited by 1,170 · cited 4×
“The research performed by Brindley (Brindley & Lewin, 1968) and Dobelle (Dobelle & Mladejovsky, 1974), and more recently by Schmidt et al. (Schmidt et al., 1996) have provided us with a basic understanding of the psychophysics of single phosphenes: their perceptual aspects, the currents required to evoke them, and, to…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSchmidt, E. M., Bak, M. J., Hambrecht, F. T., Kufta, C. V., O'Rourke, D. K., & Vallabhanath, P. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.2.507 · Cited by 672 · cited 11×
“Silicon is highly biocompatible (Stensaas & Stensaas, 1978; Yuen et al., 1987; Schmidt et al., 1993), can be micromachined using standard microfabrication technologies, and can incorporate integrated electronics .”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDobelle, W. H., & Mladejovsky, M. G. (1974) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010766 · Cited by 468
Mobility performance with a pixelized vision system.
Cha, K., Horch, K. W., & Normann, R. A. (1992) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90229-c · Cited by 226
Simulation of a phosphene-based visual field: Visual acuity in a pixelized vision system
Cha, K., Horch, K., & Normann, R. A. (1992) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/bf02368135 · Cited by 198
Self-citationRousche, P. J., & Normann, R. A. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/86.750552 · Cited by 187
Self-citationMcCreery, D. B., Yuen, T. G. H., Agnew, W. F., & Bullara, L. A. (1994) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/0378-5955(94)90258-5 · Cited by 80
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- Cha, 1992, Reading speed with a pixelized vision system, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 9, 673, 10.1364/JOSAA.9.000673 · DOI · Paper page
- Chow, 1997, Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina, Neuroscience Letters, 225, 13, 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00185-7 · DOI
- Eckmiller, 1997, Learning retina implants with epiretinal contacts, Ophthalmic Research, 29, 281, 10.1159/000268026 · DOI · Paper page
- Edell, 1992, Factors influencing the biocompatibility of insertable silicon microshafts in cerebral cortex, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 39, 635, 10.1109/10.141202 · DOI · Paper page
- Hoogerwerf, 1994, A three-dimensional microelectrode array for chronic neural recording, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 41, 1136, 10.1109/10.335862 · DOI · Paper page
- Humayun, 1995, Can potentials from the visual cortex be elicited electrically despite severe retinal degeneration and a markedly reduced electroretinogram?, German Journal of Ophthalmology, 4, 57
- Ji, 1992, An implantable CMOS circuit interface for multiplexed microelectrode recording arrays, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 27, 433, 10.1109/4.121568 · DOI
- Jones, 1992, A glass/silicon composite intracortical electrode array, Annals in Biomedical Engineering, 20, 423, 10.1007/BF02368134 · DOI · Paper page
- Jones, 1997, An advanced demultiplexing system for physiological stimulation, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44, 1210, 10.1109/10.649992 · DOI
- Jones, K. E., & Normann, R. A. (1998). Demultiplexing of an intracortical electrode array: circuitry and interconnect techniques. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, (in press).
- Kewley, 1997, Plasma-etched neural probes, Sensors and Actuators A (Physical), A58, 27, 10.1016/S0924-4247(97)80221-X · DOI
- Nordhausen, 1996, Single unit recording capabilities of a 100 microelectrode array, Brain Research, 726, 129, 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00321-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Rousche, 1992, A method for pneumatically inserting an array of penetrating electrodes into cortical tissue, Annals on Biomedical Engineering, 20, 413, 10.1007/BF02368133 · DOI · Paper page
- Schmidt, 1993, Biocompatibility of silicon-based electrode arrays implanted in feline cortical tissue, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 27, 1393, 10.1002/jbm.820271106 · DOI · Paper page
- Stensaas, 1978, Histopathological evaluation of materials implanted in the cerebral cortex, Acta Neuropathologica, 41, 145, 10.1007/BF00689766 · DOI
- Veraart, 1998, Visual sensation produced by optic nerve stimulation using an implanred self-sizing spiral cuff electrode, Brain Research, 813, 181, 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00977-9 · DOI · Paper page
- Wise, 1991, Microfabrication techniques for integrated sensors and microsystems, Science, 254, 1335, 10.1126/science.1962192 · DOI · Paper page
- Wyatt, J., & Rizzo, J. (1996). Ocular implants for the blind. IEEE Spectrum, 47–53. · DOI
- Yuen, 1987, Tissue response to potential neuroprosthetic materials implanted subdurally, Biomaterials, 8, 138, 10.1016/0142-9612(87)90103-7 · DOI
- Zrenner, 1997, The development of subretinal microphotodiodes for replacement of degenerated photoreceptors, Ophthalmic Research, 29, 269, 10.1159/000268025 · DOI
Cited by
A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness
O'Regan, J. K., & Noë, A. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01000115 · Cited by 3,126
Modelling and analysis of local field potentials for studying the function of cortical circuits
Einevoll, G. T., Kayser, C., Logothetis, N. K., & Panzeri, S. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3599 · Cited by 857
Navarro, X., Krueger, T. B., Lago, N., Micera, S., Stieglitz, T., & Dario, P. (2005) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.10303.x · Cited by 845
Implanted Neural Interfaces: Biochallenges and Engineered Solutions
Grill, W. M., Norman, S. E., & Bellamkonda, R. V. (2009) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-061008-124927 · Cited by 488
Demonstration of artificial visual percepts generated through thalamic microstimulation
Pezaris, J. S., & Reid, R. C. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608563104 · Cited by 195
Metadata
- Authors
- Normann, R. A., Maynard, E. M., Rousche, P. J., & Warren, D. J.
- Venue
- Vision Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 2577-2587
- ISSN
- 0042-6989 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011029963
- Cited by
- 409
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5131 d)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00040-1
- The paper
- Normann, R. A., Maynard, E. M., Rousche, P. J., & Warren, D. J. (1999). A neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesis. Vision Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00040-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.