Cited by 2,140Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsPesticide Residue Analysis and SafetyAntibiotic Use and Resistance

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Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment

Hirsch, Roman, Ternes, Thomas, Haberer, Klaus, Kratz, Karl-Ludwig·1999·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4

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Abstract

The recent monitoring of drug residues in the aquatic environment has gained much interest as many pharmaceutical compounds can frequently be found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and river water at concentrations up to several microgram/l. This article describes the analysis of various water samples for 18 antibiotic substances, from the classes of macrolid antibiotics, sulfonamides, penicillins and tetracyclines. Samples were preconcentrated via lyophilization and quantified using HPLC-electrospray-tandem-mass spectrometry. The investigated STP effluents and surface water samples showed frequent appearance of an erythromycin degradation product, roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole with concentrations up to 6 micrograms/l. Neither tetracyclines nor penicillins could be detected at concentration levels above 50 and 20 ng/l, respectively. From the large number of ground water samples that were taken from agricultural areas in Germany, no contamination by antibiotics was detected except for two sites. This indicates that intake from veterinary applications to the aquatic environment is of minor importance.

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Managaki, S., Murata, A., Takada, H., Tuyen, B. C., & Chiếm, N. H. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0709021 · Cited by 381
Efficacy of carbonaceous nanocomposites for sorbing ionizable antibiotic sulfamethazine from aqueous solution
Zhang, C., Lai, C., Zeng, G., Huang, D., Yang, C., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Cheng, M. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.014 · Cited by 374
“Sulfonamide antibiotics are produced in large quantities and heavily used in human therapy and farming industry as veterinary therapeutics and growth promoters (Hirsch et al., 1999; Kim and Carlson, 2007).”
Background
Determination of neutral pharmaceuticals in wastewater and rivers by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Ternes, T. A., Bonerz, M., & Schmidt, T. (2001) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01205-5 · Cited by 374
Triplet-Sensitized Photodegradation of Sulfa Drugs Containing Six-Membered Heterocyclic Groups: Identification of an SO2 Extrusion Photoproduct
Boreen, A. L., Arnold, W. A., & McNeill, K. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es048331p · Cited by 373
Degradation kinetics and mechanism of oxytetracycline by hydroxyl radical-based advanced oxidation processes
Liu, Y., He, X., Fu, Y., & Dionysiou, D. D. (2015) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2015.09.034 · Cited by 369
Occurrence and loss over three years of 72 pharmaceuticals and personal care products from biosolids–soil mixtures in outdoor mesocosms
Walters, E., McClellan, K., & Halden, R. U. (2010) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.051 · Cited by 388
“…(PPCPs) have emerged in recent years as micropollutants in several environmental compartments (Daughton and Ternes, 1999) including, surfacewater (Hirsch et al., 1999; Kolpin et al., 2002), groundwater (Lindsey et al., 2001; Sacher et al., 2001), drinking water (Stackelberg et al., 2004; Webb et…”
Background
Paracetamol oxidation from aqueous solutions by means of ozonation and H2O2/UV system
Andreozzi, R., Caprio, V., Marotta, R., & Vogna, D. (2003) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00460-8 · Cited by 364
“Hundreds of tons of pharmaceuticals are annually prescribed in Europe and consequently discharged—modified or as metabolites—in sewage effluents [8–10].”
Background
Trace Analysis of Trimethoprim and Sulfonamide, Macrolide, Quinolone, and Tetracycline Antibiotics in Chlorinated Drinking Water Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Ye, Z., Weinberg, H. S., & Meyer, M. T. (2006) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac060972a · Cited by 360
Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics in wastewater using tandem solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry
Renew, J. E., & Huang, C. (2004) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.056 · Cited by 361
Kinetics and mechanism investigation on the destruction of oxytetracycline by UV-254 nm activation of persulfate
Liu, Y., He, X., Fu, Y., & Dionysiou, D. D. (2015) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.043 · Cited by 363
Degradation of sulfamethoxazole in water by solar photo-Fenton. Chemical and toxicological evaluation
Trovó, A. G., Nogueira, R. F. P., Agüera, A., Fernández‐Alba, A. R., Sirtori, C., & Malato, S. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.006 · Cited by 356
Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China
Chang, X., Meyer, M. T., Liu, X., Zhao, Q., Chen, H., Chen, J.-A., Qiu, Z., Yang, L., Cao, J., & Shu, W. (2010) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034 · Cited by 365
“…potential contributors of antibiotics to surface and groundwater are effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Alder et al., 2003) and industrial facilities (including pharmaceutical plants), and surface run-off from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) (Hirsch et al., 1999).”
Roles of reactive chlorine species in trimethoprim degradation in the UV/chlorine process: Kinetics and transformation pathways
Wu, Z., Fang, J., Xiang, Y., Shang, C., Li, X., Meng, F., & Yang, X. (2016) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.011 · Cited by 353
“Trimethoprim (TMP) is one of the 43 most commonly occurring PPCPs in drinking water because of its stability (Yang et al., 2011) and 44 large quantity in use (Hirsch et al., 1999).”
Background
Environmental Comparison of Biochar and Activated Carbon for Tertiary Wastewater Treatment
Thompson, K. A., Shimabuku, K. K., Kearns, J. P., Knappe, D. R. U., Summers, R. S., & Cook, S. M. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03239 · Cited by 367
Different behavior of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in sandy soils after repeated fertilization with liquid manure
Hamscher, G., Pawelzick, H. T., Höper, H., & Nau, H. (2005) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/04-182r.1 · Cited by 355
“16 mg/L in two of 59 samples from a monitoring program in Germany [31].”
Background
Fluorescent Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) as a Highly Sensitive and Quickly Responsive Chemical Sensor for the Detection of Antibiotics in Simulated Wastewater
Zhu, X.-D., Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Long, W.-W., Sa, R., Liu, T., & Lü, J. (2018) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02471 · Cited by 346
Behavior of Fluoroquinolones and Trimethoprim during Mechanical, Chemical, and Active Sludge Treatment of Sewage Water and Digestion of Sludge
Lindberg, R. H., Olofsson, U., Rendahl, P., Johansson, M. I., Tysklind, M., & Andersson, B. A. V. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0516211 · Cited by 362
Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as micropollutants in rivers from Romania
Moldovan, Z. (2006) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.003 · Cited by 353
Contribution of persulfate in UV-254 nm activated systems for complete degradation of chloramphenicol antibiotic in water
Ghauch, A., Baalbaki, A., Amasha, M., Asmar, R. E., & Tantawi, O. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.02.133 · Cited by 341
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) contamination as a global agro-ecological issue: A critical view
Kuppusamy, S., Kakarla, D., Venkateswarlu, K., Megharaj, M., Yoon, Y.-E., & Lee, Y. B. (2018) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.026 · Cited by 341
Antibiotics in the Environment: Occurrence in Italian STPs, Fate, and Preliminary Assessment on Algal Toxicity of Amoxicillin
Andreozzi, R., Caprio, V., Ciniglia, C., de Champdoré, M., Giudice, R. L., Marotta, R., & Zuccato, E. (2004) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es049509a · Cited by 335
Emerging chemicals of concern: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Asia, with particular reference to Southern China
Richardson, B. J., Lam, P. K. S., & Martin, M. (2005) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.034 · Cited by 334
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: Mass balance and removal processes
Gao, P., Ding, Y., Li, H., & Xagoraraki, I. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.017 · Cited by 338
“Several previous studies indicate that about 15% of SMX was excreted unchanged from human body (Hirsch et al., 1999), and approximately 50% was metabolized to N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole (N4-AcSMX) (Göbel et al., 2005).”
Endocrine disrupting compounds and other emerging contaminants in the environment: A survey on new monitoring strategies and occurrence data
Petrović, M., Eljarrat, E., de Alda, M. L., & Barcel�, D. (2004) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2184-7 · Cited by 336
The occurrence of selected human pharmaceutical compounds in UK estuaries
Thomas, K. V., & Hilton, M. J. (2004) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.028 · Cited by 325
Electrochemical advanced oxidation and biological processes for wastewater treatment: a review of the combined approaches
Ganzenko, O., Huguenot, D., van Hullebusch, E. D., Esposito, G., & Oturan, M. A. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2770-6 · Cited by 337
“…the other hand, their uncontrolled release into the environment has numerous negative consequences (López-Serna et al. 2013; HallingSorensen et al. 1998; Daughton 2004; Daughton and Ruhoy 2009; Emmanuel et al. 2009; Hirsch et al. 1999; Lin and Tsai 2009; Perez and Barcelo 2007; Santos et al. 2010).”
Effects of 25 pharmaceutical compounds to Lemna gibba using a seven-day static-renewal test
Brain, R. A., Johnson, D. J., Richards, S. M., Sanderson, H., Sibley, P. K., & Solomon, K. R. (2004) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/02-576 · Cited by 332
“First, chemicals were selected based on occurrence in the aquatic environment [1,3,5].”
Background
Photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in various aqueous media: Persistence, toxicity and photoproducts assessment
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Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography?electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
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Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during water treatment with chlorine dioxide
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Occurrence of Organic Microcontaminants in the Wastewater Treatment Process. A Mini Review
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Carbamazepine in water: persistence in the environment, ozonation treatment and preliminary assessment on algal toxicity
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Simultaneous extraction of tetracycline, macrolide and sulfonamide antibiotics from agricultural soils using pressurised liquid extraction, followed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
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Seasonal variations of several pharmaceutical residues in surface water and sewage treatment plants of Han River, Korea
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Significant role of UV and carbonate radical on the degradation of oxytetracycline in UV-AOPs: Kinetics and mechanism
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Multiresidue methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and illicit drugs in surface water and wastewater by solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
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Photodegradation and toxicity changes of antibiotics in UV and UV/H2O2 process
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Authors: Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K., & Kratz, K.-L.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
ORCID: Ternes, Thomas
Kratz, Karl-Ludwig
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-01
Volume: 225
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 109-118
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4
OpenAlex: W2029593210
Cited by: 2,140
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 124
FWCI: 25.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Ministry of Environment
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Keywords: antibiotic residues, aquatic environment, sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater contamination, sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, veterinary antibiotic use, agricultural land
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Erythromycin, Germany, Humans, Sewage, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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