Cited by 2,140Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsPesticide Residue Analysis and SafetyAntibiotic Use and Resistance

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Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment

Hirsch, Roman, Ternes, Thomas, Haberer, Klaus, Kratz, Karl-Ludwig·1999·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4

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Abstract

The recent monitoring of drug residues in the aquatic environment has gained much interest as many pharmaceutical compounds can frequently be found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and river water at concentrations up to several microgram/l. This article describes the analysis of various water samples for 18 antibiotic substances, from the classes of macrolid antibiotics, sulfonamides, penicillins and tetracyclines. Samples were preconcentrated via lyophilization and quantified using HPLC-electrospray-tandem-mass spectrometry. The investigated STP effluents and surface water samples showed frequent appearance of an erythromycin degradation product, roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole with concentrations up to 6 micrograms/l. Neither tetracyclines nor penicillins could be detected at concentration levels above 50 and 20 ng/l, respectively. From the large number of ground water samples that were taken from agricultural areas in Germany, no contamination by antibiotics was detected except for two sites. This indicates that intake from veterinary applications to the aquatic environment is of minor importance.

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Background
Advanced oxidation of real sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim formulations using different anodes and electrolytes
Murillo-Sierra, J. C., Sirés, I., Brillas, E., Ruíz-Ruíz, E., & Hernández‐Ramírez, A. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.136 · Cited by 60
“As a result, metabolites and non-metabolized 50 residues of both drugs have been detected in surface water at g L-1 levels (Hirsch et al., 1999).”
Background
Removal of antibiotic from aqueous solution using synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles: characteristics and mechanisms
Đào, T. H., Tran, T. T., Nguyen, V. R., Pham, T. N. M., Vu, C. M., & Pham, T. D. (2018) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7550-z · Cited by 57
“Since the last two decades, intensive antibiotics for human, veterinary and agricultural purposes have increased rapidly (Dı́az-Cruz et al. 2003; Hirsch et al. 1999; Kümmerer 2009; Le Corre et al. 2012).”
Background
Systematic suspect screening and identification of sulfonamide antibiotic transformation products in the aquatic environment
Majewsky, M., Glauner, T., & Horn, H. (2015) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8748-5 · Cited by 57
Measuring the Mass of an Electron by LC/TOF-MS: A Study of “Twin Ions”
Ferrer, I., & Thurman, E. M. (2005) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac0485942 · Cited by 57
A bacterial reporter panel for the detection and classification of antibiotic substances
Melamed, S., Lalush, C., Elad, T., Yagur‐Kroll, S., Belkin, S., & Pedahzur, R. (2012) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00333.x · Cited by 56
“, 2002) by diverse routes, usually after being excreted through urine and faeces (Daughton and Ternes, 1999; Hirsch et al., 1999).”
Background
Determination of antibiotic residues in southern Baltic Sea sediments using tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Siedlewicz, G., Borecka, M., Białk‐Bielińska, A., Sikora, K., Stepnowski, P., & Pazdro, K. (2016) · Oceanologia · doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2016.04.005 · Cited by 56
Individual and simultaneous degradation of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by UV and solar radiation in aqueous solution using bentonite and vermiculite as photocatalysts
Martínez-Costa, J. I., Rivera-Utrilla, J., Leyva‐Ramos, R., Sánchez‐Polo, M., & Velo-Gala, I. (2017) · Applied Clay Science · doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.12.026 · Cited by 56
Sulfonamide antibiotics in groundwater and their migration in the vadose zone: A case in a drinking water resource
Zuo, R., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Wang, J., Yang, J., Teng, Y., Chen, X., & Zhai, Y. (2021) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106175 · Cited by 56
Histopathological effects of the antibiotic erythromycin on the freshwater fish species Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rodrigues, S., Antunes, S. C., Nunes, B., & Correia, A. T. (2019) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.067 · Cited by 55
Adsorption of the antibiotic minocycline on cerium(IV) oxide: Effect of pH, ionic strength and temperature
Brigante, M. E., & Schulz, P. C. (2012) · Microporous and Mesoporous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.02.033 · Cited by 55
Significance of a Noble Metal Nanolayer on the UV and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Anatase TiO2 Thin Films Grown from a Scalable PECVD/PVD Approach
Baba, K., Bulou, S., Quesada-González, M., Bonot, S., Collard, D., Boscher, N. D., & Choquet, P. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b10904 · Cited by 57
Antibiotics and microbial resistance in Brazilian soils under manure application
Bastos, M. C., dos Santos, D. R., Aubertheau, É., Lima, J. A. M. D. C., Guet, T. L., Caner, L., Mondamert, L., & Labanowski, J. (2018) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.2964 · Cited by 55
A Data Based Perspective on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals Il — Aquatic Risk Characterisation
Webb, S. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_25 · Cited by 54
Arbuscular mycorrhizal association is beneficial for growth and detoxification of xenobiotics of barley under drought stress
Khalvati, M., Bartha, B., Dupigny, A., & Schröder, P. (2009) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-009-0119-4 · Cited by 54
“Hundreds of tons of pharmaceuticals are annually prescribed in Europe and consequently discharged— modified or as metabolites—in sewage effluents (Hirsch et al. 1999; Buser et al. 1999; Jorgensen and HallingSorensen 2000).”
Background
Distribution, fate, and risk assessment of antibiotics in five wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai, China
Wu, M., Que, C., Tang, L., Xu, H., Xiang, J., Wang, J., Shi, W., & Xu, G. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6946-0 · Cited by 54
“Various antibiotics have been frequently detected in the environment including surface water (Chen and Zhou 2014; Hirsch et al. 1999), drinkingwater (Focazio et al. 2008), sediment (Zhou et al. 2011), and agricultural lands (Hu et al. 2010).”
Background
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and their associated environmental risks in Guanting Reservoir and its upstream rivers in north China
Zhang, P., Zhou, H., Li, K., Zhao, X., Liu, Q.-N., Li, D., Zhao, G., & Wang, L. F. (2018) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c7ra12945a · Cited by 54
Role of ozone for reducing fouling due to pharmaceuticals in MF (microfiltration) process
Oh, B. S., Jang, H. Y., Hwang, T. M., & Kang, J. (2006) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.052 · Cited by 54
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of a hydrogen bond-assisted 2D/2D Z-scheme SnNb2O6/Bi2WO6 system: Highly efficient separation of photoinduced carriers
Jiang, R., Lu, G., Yan, Z., Wu, D., Liu, J., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.104 · Cited by 53
Developing a biogas centralised circular bioeconomy using agricultural residues - Challenges and opportunities
Feng, L., Aryal, N., Li, Y., Horn, S. J., & Ward, A. J. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161656 · Cited by 62
Occurrence and distribution antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a marine beach
Mudryk, Z. J. (2004) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.001 · Cited by 53
Preliminary investigation of chloramphenicol in fish, water and sediment from freshwater aquaculture pond
Lu, X., Dang, Z., & Yang, C. (2009) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf03326100 · Cited by 53
“But, as aquaculture production intensifies, the feed inputs increase and waste materials, including organic matter, nutrients, suspended solids and antibiotics in ponds increase (Hopkins et al., 1988; Hirsch et al., 1999; Vinodhini and Narayanan, 2008; Wu et al., 2009).”
Background
Modeling of sulfonamide antibiotic removal by TiO2/high-silica zeolite HSZ-385 composite
Fukahori, S., & Fujiwara, T. (2014) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.028 · Cited by 53
Assessing the sorption and leaching behaviour of three sulfonamides in pasture soils through batch and column studies
Srinivasan, P., & Sarmah, A. K. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.034 · Cited by 54
“48 μg L−1 in surface water samples in Germany (Hirsch et al., 1999).”
Background
Multigenerational Effects of the Antibiotic Tetracycline on Transcriptional Responses of Daphnia magna and Its Relationship to Higher Levels of Biological Organizations
Kim, H. Y., Asselman, J., Jeong, T., Yu, S., Schamphelaere, K. D., & Kim, S. D. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b05050 · Cited by 53
Sulfonamides in the Environment as Veterinary Drugs
Sukul, P., & Spiteller, M. (2006) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1280-5_2 · Cited by 53
Radiolytic decomposition of ciprofloxacin using γ irradiation in aqueous solution
Guo, Z., Zhu, S., Zhao, Y., Cao, H., & Liu, F. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4715-0 · Cited by 53
“Many antibiotics were not metabolized or eliminated completely in the body, and about 30–90 % antibiotics were directly excreted to the environment (Hirsch et al. 1999; Kümmerer et al. 2000; Tai et al. 2011).”
Background
Occurrence and Fate of Barbiturates in the Aquatic Environment
Peschka, M., Eubeler, J. P., & Knepper, T. P. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es052567r · Cited by 53
Solving matrix effects exploiting the second-order advantage in the resolution and determination of eight tetracycline antibiotics in effluent wastewater by modelling liquid chromatography data with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares and unfolded-partial least squares followed by residual bilinearization algorithms
García, M. D. G., Culzoni, M. J., Zan, M. M. D., Valverde, R. S., Galera, M. M., & Goicoechea, H. C. (2007) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.049 · Cited by 53
Pharmaceutical Compounds in Wastewater: Wetland Treatment as a Potential Solution
White, J. R., Belmont, M. A., & Metcalfe, C. D. (2006) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/tsw.2006.287 · Cited by 53
“Effluents from wastewater treatment plants have been found to contain a number of drugs and drug metabolites[1,17,18,19,20], with human excretion as the primary source (Table 1).”
Background
Antibiotics Pollution in Soil and Water: Potential Ecological and Human Health Issues
Mojica, E.-R. E., & Aga, D. S. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00338-x · Cited by 53
The influence of antibiotics on wastewater treatment processes and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Jendrzejewska, N., & Karwowska, E. (2018) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2018.153 · Cited by 52
Total resistance of native bacteria as an indicator of changes in the water environment
Harnisz, M. (2012) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.005 · Cited by 52
“The predominant antibiotics in European rivers are macrolides, whereas penicillin, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone are least frequently identified (Hirsch et al., 1999; Tuc Dinh et al., 2011; Tamtam et al., 2008).”
Background
Characterization and comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance plasmids isolated from a wastewater treatment plant
Rahube, T. O., Viana, L. S., Koraimann, G., & Yost, C. K. (2014) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00558 · Cited by 49
“ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 28 October 2014 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00558 Characterization and comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance plasmids isolated from a wastewater treatment plant”
BackgroundInfluential
Polymer‐immobilized cyclodextrin trapping of model organic pollutants in flowing water streams
Orprecio, R., & Evans, C. (2003) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.12818 · Cited by 47
Beta-lactam antibiotics induced bacteriolysis on LSPR sensors for assessment of antimicrobial resistance and quantification of antibiotics
Nag, P., Sadani, K., Mukherji, S., & Mukherji, S. (2020) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.127945 · Cited by 53
Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Organisms
Fent, K. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74664-5_12 · Cited by 52
Biological removal of sulfamethoxazole enhanced by S. oneidensis MR-1 via promoting NADH generation and electron transfer and consumption
Zhao, C., Li, Y., Li, X., Huang, H., Zheng, G., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127839 · Cited by 51

Authors: Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K., & Kratz, K.-L.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
ORCID: Ternes, Thomas
Kratz, Karl-Ludwig
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-01
Volume: 225
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 109-118
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4
OpenAlex: W2029593210
Cited by: 2,140
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 124
FWCI: 25.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Ministry of Environment
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Keywords: antibiotic residues, aquatic environment, sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater contamination, sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, veterinary antibiotic use, agricultural land
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Erythromycin, Germany, Humans, Sewage, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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