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Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment
Abstract
The recent monitoring of drug residues in the aquatic environment has gained much interest as many pharmaceutical compounds can frequently be found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and river water at concentrations up to several microgram/l. This article describes the analysis of various water samples for 18 antibiotic substances, from the classes of macrolid antibiotics, sulfonamides, penicillins and tetracyclines. Samples were preconcentrated via lyophilization and quantified using HPLC-electrospray-tandem-mass spectrometry. The investigated STP effluents and surface water samples showed frequent appearance of an erythromycin degradation product, roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole with concentrations up to 6 micrograms/l. Neither tetracyclines nor penicillins could be detected at concentration levels above 50 and 20 ng/l, respectively. From the large number of ground water samples that were taken from agricultural areas in Germany, no contamination by antibiotics was detected except for two sites. This indicates that intake from veterinary applications to the aquatic environment is of minor importance.
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“0 µg L-1 in recipient waters downstream of wastewater discharge (Snow et al. 2015; Monteiro and Boxall 2010; Haggard et al. 2006; Hirsch et al. 1999) but surface water concentration in areas of high usage can be much greater (e.g. antibiotics were detected at 40-400 µg L-1 near an agricultural area…”
Bonvin, F., Omlin, J., Rutler, R., Schweizer, W. B., Alaimo, P. J., Strathmann, T. J., McNeill, K., & Kohn, T. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es303777k · Cited by 221
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“Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSADs) are found to gain a special relevance from being the most frequently mentioned environmental contaminants due to the high consumption rate of these drugs [1,2].”
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“They can be found inWWTP effluents worldwide (Hirsch et al., 1999; McArdell et al., 2003; Miao et al., 2004; Watkinson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialPeng, X., Wang, Z., Kuang, W., Tan, J., & Li, K. (2006) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.07.001 · Cited by 224
“CAP was detected at 0.56 μg L−1 in Germany (Hirsch et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialDrillia, P., Dokianakis, S. N., Fountoulakis, M. S., Kornaros, M. E., Stamatelatou, Κ., & Lyberatos, G. (2005) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.009 · Cited by 218
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de Alda, M. L., Díaz‐Cruz, M. S., Petrović, M., & Barceló, . (2003) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00509-0 · Cited by 218
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K., & Kratz, K.-L.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-01
- Volume
- 225
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 109-118
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029593210
- Cited by
- 2,140
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 124
- FWCI
- 25.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Ministry of Environment
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Keywords
- antibiotic residues, aquatic environment, sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater contamination, sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, veterinary antibiotic use, agricultural land
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Erythromycin, Germany, Humans, Sewage, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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