Cited by 2,140Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsPesticide Residue Analysis and SafetyAntibiotic Use and Resistance

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Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment

Hirsch, Roman, Ternes, Thomas, Haberer, Klaus, Kratz, Karl-Ludwig·1999·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4

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Abstract

The recent monitoring of drug residues in the aquatic environment has gained much interest as many pharmaceutical compounds can frequently be found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and river water at concentrations up to several microgram/l. This article describes the analysis of various water samples for 18 antibiotic substances, from the classes of macrolid antibiotics, sulfonamides, penicillins and tetracyclines. Samples were preconcentrated via lyophilization and quantified using HPLC-electrospray-tandem-mass spectrometry. The investigated STP effluents and surface water samples showed frequent appearance of an erythromycin degradation product, roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole with concentrations up to 6 micrograms/l. Neither tetracyclines nor penicillins could be detected at concentration levels above 50 and 20 ng/l, respectively. From the large number of ground water samples that were taken from agricultural areas in Germany, no contamination by antibiotics was detected except for two sites. This indicates that intake from veterinary applications to the aquatic environment is of minor importance.

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“After their intended usage, therapeutic drugs, such as antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other prescription or over the counter medicines can leave the human body unchanged or partially metabolized, inputting residues into the municipal waste stream (Hirsch et al. 1999).”
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Sonochemical techniques to degrade pharmaceutical organic pollutants
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Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment
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Evidence of superoxide radical contribution to demineralization of sulfamethoxazole by visible-light-driven Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3/Sr6Bi2O9 photocatalyst
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“[2] analyzed a number of groundwater samples from sites with presumable intake from agriculture areas with a large number of fat stock farms.”
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Photodegradation of Sulfadiazine by Goethite−Oxalate Suspension under UV Light Irradiation
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Effects of prescription antibiotics on soil- and root-associated microbiomes and resistomes in an agricultural context
Cerqueira, F., Christou, A., Fatta‐Kassinos, D., Vila‐Costa, M., Bayona, J. M., & Piña, B. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123208 · Cited by 70
Absorption of carbamazepine and diclofenac in hydroponically cultivated lettuces and human health risk assessment
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“Antibiotics are the most common of these principles (Hirsch et al., 1999; Stumpf et al., 1999; Kolpin et al., 2002).”
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Reduction of Carbadox Mediated by Reaction of Mn(III) with Oxalic Acid
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Development and application of a brain-specific cDNA microarray for effect evaluation of neuro-active pharmaceuticals in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
van der Ven, K., Wit, M. D., Keil, D., Moens, L., Leemput, K. V., Naudts, B., & Coen, W. D. (2005) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.05.004 · Cited by 69
Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci from Portuguese wastewater treatment plants
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Impact of urban chemical pollution on water quality in small, rural and effluent-dominated Mediterranean streams and rivers
Mandarić, L., Mor, J., Sabater, S., & Petrović, M. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.128 · Cited by 69
Behaviour of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a sewage treatment plant of northwest Spain
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“According to the results reported by Hirsch et al. (1999) these values are in the same range as those reported for German wastewaters.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The effect of ultralow-dose antibiotics exposure on soil nitrate and N2O flux
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“Based upon the growing body of evidence suggesting that both low and high dose antibiotics in the terrestrial environment can and do affect ecologically important aspects of the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, additional research is strongly encouraged to include: (1) a larger number of antibiotics tested at both low (…”
Background
Impact of erythromycin on a non-target organism: Cellular effects on the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Machado, M. D., & Soares, E. V. (2019) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.014 · Cited by 68
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Bílková, Z., Malá, J., & Hrich, K. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133824 · Cited by 69
Determination of antibiotics (tetracyclines and sulfonamides) in biosolids by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
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Photodegradation of the antibiotic sulphamethoxazole in water with UV/H 2 O 2 advanced oxidation process
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Oxidation products of sulfamethoxazole in ozonated secondary effluent
Rodayan, A., Roy, R., & Yargeau, V. (2009) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.023 · Cited by 68
Analysis of OSPAR priority pharmaceuticals using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry
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Temporal Dynamics of Periphyton Exposed to Tetracycline in Stream Mesocosms
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Sonocatalytic degradation coupled with single-walled carbon nanotubes for removal of ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole
Al-Hamadani, Y. A. J., Jung, C., Im, J., Boateng, L. K., Flora, J. R. V., Jang, M., Heo, J., Park, C. M., & Yoon, Y. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2017.01.011 · Cited by 68
Sewage treatment effluents in Delhi: A key contributor of β-lactam resistant bacteria and genes to the environment
Lamba, M., & Ahammad, S. Z. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.133 · Cited by 69
Probing the binding of two fluoroquinolones to lysozyme: a combined spectroscopic and docking study
Qin, P., Su, B., & Liu, R. (2012) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c2mb05423j · Cited by 67
Effluent-dominated streams. Part 2: Presence and possible effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Wascana Creek, Saskatchewan, Canada
Waiser, M. J., Humphries, D. A., Tumber, V. P., & Holm, J. (2010) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.398 · Cited by 67
“60% is excreted unchanged [37] and removal by classic waste water treatment methods is negligible [40].”
Background
Fate of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products after secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan
Lin, A. Y., Lin, C.-F., Tsai, Y., Lin, H. H., Chen, J., Wang, X., & Yu, T. (2010) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2010.476 · Cited by 67
Removal of micropollutants through a biological wastewater treatment plant in a subtropical climate, Queensland-Australia
Cardenas, M. A. R., Ali, I., Lai, F. Y., Dawes, L. A., Thier, R., & Rajapakse, J. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1186/s40201-016-0257-8 · Cited by 65
Detection of amoxicillin-diketopiperazine-2′, 5′ in wastewater samples
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Physico-chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological evaluation of a septic tank/Fenton reaction combination for the treatment of hospital wastewaters
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Chlortetracycline removal by using hydrogen based membrane biofilm reactor
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Effect of erythromycin and modulating effect of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity exerted by the antibiotic on the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum
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A novel cucurbit[6]uril-based supramolecular coordination assembly as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor for Fe 3+ , Cr 2 O 7 2− and isoquinoline antibiotics in aqueous medium
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Effects of local and global change on an inland sea: the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada
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Biochemical effects of the pharmaceutical drug paracetamol on Anguilla anguilla
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“Consequently, during the last two decades, several studies have shown the occurrence of these substances in superficial waters (HallingSorensen et al. 1998; Hirsch et al. 1999; Kolpin et al. 2002), sewage (Marecos do Monte and Albuquerque 2010), groundwater (Newson 1994), seas, and oceans (Timbrell 1995).”
BackgroundResult
Evidencing Generation of Persistent Ozonation Products of Antibiotics Roxithromycin and Trimethoprim
Radjenović, J., Godehardt, M., Hein, A., Farré, M., Jekel, M., & Barceló, ‪. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es900965a · Cited by 65
Uptake of oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and ketoconazole from fertilised soils by plants
Chițescu, C. L., Nicolau, A. I., & Stolker, A. A. M. (2012) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2012.725479 · Cited by 65
“A large range of veterinary medicines such as macrolides, sulphonamides, quinolones, penicillin, tetracyclines and antifungals have already been detected in soils, surface waters and groundwater (Hirsch et al. 1999; Thiele-Bruhn 2003; FattaKassinos et al. 2011).”
Background

Authors: Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K., & Kratz, K.-L.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
ORCID: Ternes, Thomas
Kratz, Karl-Ludwig
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-01
Volume: 225
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 109-118
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4
OpenAlex: W2029593210
Cited by: 2,140
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 124
FWCI: 25.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Ministry of Environment
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Keywords: antibiotic residues, aquatic environment, sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater contamination, sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, veterinary antibiotic use, agricultural land
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Erythromycin, Germany, Humans, Sewage, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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