Cited by 2,140Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsPesticide Residue Analysis and SafetyAntibiotic Use and Resistance

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Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment

Hirsch, Roman, Ternes, Thomas, Haberer, Klaus, Kratz, Karl-Ludwig·1999·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4

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Abstract

The recent monitoring of drug residues in the aquatic environment has gained much interest as many pharmaceutical compounds can frequently be found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and river water at concentrations up to several microgram/l. This article describes the analysis of various water samples for 18 antibiotic substances, from the classes of macrolid antibiotics, sulfonamides, penicillins and tetracyclines. Samples were preconcentrated via lyophilization and quantified using HPLC-electrospray-tandem-mass spectrometry. The investigated STP effluents and surface water samples showed frequent appearance of an erythromycin degradation product, roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole with concentrations up to 6 micrograms/l. Neither tetracyclines nor penicillins could be detected at concentration levels above 50 and 20 ng/l, respectively. From the large number of ground water samples that were taken from agricultural areas in Germany, no contamination by antibiotics was detected except for two sites. This indicates that intake from veterinary applications to the aquatic environment is of minor importance.

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Sulfonamide antibiotics in the Northern Yellow Sea are related to resistant bacteria: Implications for antibiotic resistance genes
Na, G., Zhang, W., Zhou, S., Gao, H. J., Lu, Z., Wu, X., Li, R., Qiu, L., Cai, Y., & Yao, Z. (2014) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.039 · Cited by 86
Occurrence and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in reclaimed water and receiving groundwater with different replenishment pathways
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Occurrence and distribution of emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plants: A globally review over the past two decades
Jiang, T., Wu, W., Ma, M., Hu, Y., & Li, R. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175664 · Cited by 95
Solar photocatalytic abatement of sulfamethoxazole over Ag3PO4/WO3 composites
Grilla, E., Petala, A., Frontistis, Z., Konstantinou, I. K., Kondarides, D. I., & Mantzavinos, D. (2018) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.011 · Cited by 85
Sorption characteristics of oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and sulfathiazole in two different soil types
Kim, Y., Lim, S., Han, M., & Cho, J. (2012) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.016 · Cited by 85
Individual and simultaneous degradation of the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in aqueous solutions by Fenton, Fenton-like and photo-Fenton processes using solar and UV radiations
Martínez-Costa, J. I., Rivera-Utrilla, J., Leyva‐Ramos, R., Sánchez‐Polo, M., Velo-Gala, I., & Mota, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.014 · Cited by 85
Efficient multiresidue determination method for 168 pharmaceuticals and metabolites: Optimization and application to raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and surface water in Beijing, China
Zhang, Y., Duan, L., Wang, B., Liu, C. S., Jia, Y., Zhai, N.-N., Blaney, L. M., & Yu, G. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114113 · Cited by 89
Development of a SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of most prescribed pharmaceuticals and related metabolites in urban sewage samples.
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Evaluation of Measured and Predicted Environmental Concentrations of Selected Human Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (10 pp)
Liebig, M., Moltmann, J. F., & Knacker, T. (2005) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1065/espr2005.08.276 · Cited by 85
“Six out of eight references contained measured SMX concentrations were found to be adequate for use in exposure assessment of SMX in surface water [20,30,31,41, 54 ,55]”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Deciphering conjugative plasmid permissiveness in wastewater microbiomes
Jacquiod, S., Brejnrod, A., Morberg, S. M., Al‐Soud, W. A., Sørensen, S. J., & Riber, L. (2017) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.14138 · Cited by 85
Removal of antibiotic rifampicin from aqueous media by advanced electrochemical oxidation: Role of electrode materials, electrolytes and real water matrices
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Activity-Based Concept for Transport and Partitioning of Ionizing Organics
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Toxicological Effects of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline to an Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita
Ambili, T. R., Saravanan, M., Ramesh, M., Abhijith, D. B., & Poopal, R.-K. (2012) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-012-9836-6 · Cited by 84
Whole effluent toxicity assessment at a wastewater treatment plant upgraded with a full-scale post-ozonation using aquatic key species
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The use of terrestrial and aquatic microcosms and mesocosms for the ecological risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products
den Brink, P. J. V., Tarazona, J. V., Solomon, K. R., Knacker, T., van den Brink, N. W., Brock, T. C. M., & Hoogland, J. P. (2005) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/04-268r.1 · Cited by 84
Analytical problems and the need for sample preparation in the determination of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in aqueous environmental matrices
Kostopoulou, M., & Nikolaou, A. (2008) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2008.09.011 · Cited by 83
Insights on Sulfamethoxazole Bio-Transformation by Environmental Proteobacteria Isolates
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Enhanced interlayer trapping of a tetracycline antibiotic within montmorillonite layers in the presence of Ca and Mg
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Evidence for Environmental Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Mediated by Wild Birds
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“Various methods have been developed for the detection of antibiotics in environment (Hirsch et al., 1999; Seifrtova et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2010), and the methods for efficiently eliminating antibiotics from polluted environments are also under development (Ji et al., 2009; Homem and Santos,…”
Method
Evaluation of membrane bioreactor on removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants: a review
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Occurrence and sources of antibiotics and their metabolites in river water, WWTPs, and swine wastewater in Jiulongjiang River basin, south China
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“This result agreed with previous studies that TCs were seldom detected in natural water (Hirsch et al. 1999; Sarmah et al. 2006).”
Result
Exposure simulation for pharmaceuticals in European surface waters with GREAT-ER
Schowanek, D. R., & Webb, S. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00064-4 · Cited by 83
SMX degradation by ozonation and UV radiation: A kinetic study
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Treatment of Antibiotics in Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
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“9 [37] up to 220 [38] up to 400 [30] Clarithromycin up to 328 up to 65 [34, 35] up to 240 up to 260 [8] up to 37 [33] up to 20.”
BackgroundInfluential
Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters
Tünay, O. (2010) · Water Intelligence Online · doi:10.2166/9781780401416 · Cited by 82
A joint action of aptamers and gold nanoparticles chemically trapped on a glassy carbon support for the electrochemical sensing of ofloxacin
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Challenges of municipal wastewater reclamation for irrigation by MBR and NF/RO: Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, and emerging contaminants
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Investigating the impact of hospital antibiotic usage on aquatic environment and aquaculture systems: A molecular study of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli
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Tetracycline accumulates in I beris sempervirens L . through apoplastic transport inducing oxidative stress and growth inhibition
Marco, G. D., Gismondi, A., Canuti, L., Scimeca, M., Volpe, A., & Canini, A. (2013) · Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/plb.12102 · Cited by 82
“Environmental contamination with pharmaceutical residues is determined in different ways, but essentially is due to wastewater discharge and agricultural application of sewage sludge and animal manure (Hirsch et al. 1999).”
Background
Acute sensitivity of activated sludge bacteria to erythromycin
Alighardashi, A., Pandolfi, D., Potier, O., & Pons, M. (2009) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.051 · Cited by 82
A review of methods for the removal of penicillins from water
Ighalo, J. O., Igwegbe, C. A., Aniagor, C. O., & Oba, S. N. (2020) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101886 · Cited by 81
A review on constructed wetlands-based removal of pharmaceutical contaminants derived from non-point source pollution
Ravikumar, Y., Yun, J., Zhang, G., Zabed, H. M., & Qi, X. (2022) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2022.102504 · Cited by 81
Potential impacts of aquatic pollutants: sub-clinical antibiotic concentrations induce genome changes and promote antibiotic resistance
Chow, L., Waldron, L. S., & Gillings, M. R. (2015) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00803 · Cited by 81
“Sulphonamides were detected in water (0.86– 1563µg/L) (Hirsch et al., 1999; Luo et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013) and quinolones were detected in sediments and plants (65.5–1166 and 8.37–6532µg/kg, respectively) (Li et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K., & Kratz, K.-L.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
ORCID: Ternes, Thomas
Kratz, Karl-Ludwig
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-01
Volume: 225
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 109-118
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00337-4
OpenAlex: W2029593210
Cited by: 2,140
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 124
FWCI: 25.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Ministry of Environment
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Keywords: antibiotic residues, aquatic environment, sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater contamination, sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracycline, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, veterinary antibiotic use, agricultural land
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Erythromycin, Germany, Humans, Sewage, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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