The DOI matches its Crossref record; 167 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
(1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,439
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466601164939 · Cited by 9,970 · cited 1×
“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
ResultCohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
(1999) · Cited by 6,308
Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267 · Cited by 5,955
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gollwitzer, 1990, Action phases and mindsets, Vol. 2, 53
- Mischel, 1978, Effective plans for self‐control in children, Vol. 11, 199
- Shah, 2003, Goal systems theory: Integrating the cognitive and motivational aspects of self‐regulation. A goal systems approach to self‐regulation, Vol. 9, 247
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,801–2,900 of 3,241
Perceived performance goal barriers of Olympic athletes: An exploratory study
Sun, G. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_11_20
The Effects of Behavioral Interventions on Charitable Giving: A Literature ReviewPreprint
Binder-Hathaway, R. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3336244
Arielle, S., Lawrence, M., Samaan, Z., Singh, J., & Elizabeth, A. (2020) · Journal of Family Medicine and Disease Prevention · doi:10.23937/2469-5793/1510131
“Results from a meta-analysis with 94 independent studies and more than 8000 participants indicated that an action plan had a positive effect of medium-to-large magnitude on goal achievement [4].”
Evaluating Students Attitude and their Academic Performance on Social Media: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jayaseelan, R., Pichandy, C., & Boobalakrishnan, N. (2020) · International Journal of Management Technology and Social Sciences · doi:10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0084
“States that have implementation intention of students has a positive effect on their goal attainment [9].”
BackgroundMaltagliati, S., Sarrazin, P., Isoard-Gautheur, S., Rhodes, R., Boisgontier, M., & Cheval, B. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-70750/v1
“In this line, volitional strategies, such as action planning and coping planning (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Schwarzer, 2008) could play an important role in bridging the gap between intention and behaviors (Rollo & Prapavessis, 2020; Sui & Prapavessis, 2018).”
BackgroundKarvinen, S. (2020) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Do personality traits drive online commitment to vote in social networks
Wood, M. A. (2019) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Goal setting in distributive and integrative negotiations: a meta-analysisPreprint
Hossiep, C. R., Harnack, K., & Bürkner, P. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/mkgxt
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.004
Das Zürcher Ressourcenmodell als Anreicherung für die Psychodramapraxis
Nowak, U. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie · doi:10.1007/s11620-021-00604-1
The Benefits of a More Physically Active Workforce in the Corporate World
Billingham-Hemminger, D. M., & Locke, J. D. (2021) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
Kugathasan, T. A., Lecot, F., Laberge, S., Tremblay, J., & Mathieu, M.-E. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002306
“Following multiple goals at the same time can decrease the chances of adopting a habit.(46) The current WHPP targeted six lifestyle habits and 80% of employees intended to improve more than two lifestyle habits without counting other behaviors that they might have intended to improve.”
BackgroundInvestigating the psychological factors that influence cyclone mitigation behaviour
Scovell, M. (2021) · ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) · doi:10.25903/rsvz-3w27
Jak inteligentnie kontrolować swoje zachowania? Siła woli w życiu codziennym
Jędrzejczyk, J. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial02
Łowicki, P. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial07
Prediction Accuracy and AutonomyPreprint
Angwald, A., Areskoug, K., & Said, A. (2022) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.08134
“Based on previous research [1]–[3], [5]–[8], [26], [27], [51] we have shown that recommendations relying on implicit data can decrease user autonomy as compared to more explicit data.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAu-delà de l’intention, une approche sémiotique des modalités de l’Action Entrepreneuriale (AE)
Grandclaude, D. (2021) · Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat · doi:10.3917/entre.203.0101
An, J., Bonfrer, A., & Eckert, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3863123
Maleki, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1027319/v1
Motivation and Optimal Functioning
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.002
Beckerley, S. E. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Green, Geoge,Mathematician and Physicist,1793-1841 - Cannll,DM
Smith, C. (1994) · Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)
van Osch, L. (2009) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20090515lo
Reyes, H. L. M., Blackburn, N., Langoni, E. G. A., Macy, R. J., Moracco, K. E., & Foshee, V. A. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35487
Hirsch, A., Bieleke, M., Schüler, J., & Wolff, W. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/heg9a
A(pp)ceptance: Increasing physicians’ acceptance for chronic pain apps (Preprint)Preprint
Hein, H. J., Glombiewski, J. A., Rief, W., & Riecke, J. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35270
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.001
Your Toolbox for Motivating Self and Others
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.010
Chapitre 9. Mécanismes de changement
Gaillac, V., & Vera, L. (2016) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.verag.2016.01.0124
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.005
Tulis, M., & Thürmer, J. L. (2022) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26248-8_9-1
Martiny-Huenger, T., & Roth, J. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103485
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.011
Self-control strategies for financial goals: Proactive and reactive strategy use and effectiveness
Davydenko, M. (2021) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14761
Guiding Principles for Motivating Self and Others
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.009
Fenouillet, F. (2016) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.fenou.2016.01.0293
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.006
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.012
Yamamoto, Y., MUROTA, M., Takishita, Y., NISHIUCHI, Y., Harada, K., & Iwawaki, Y. (2021) · Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control · doi:10.4058/jsei.36.222
Xue, Y., & Chen, Y. (2021) · International Conference on Health Big Data and Smart Sports (HBDSS) · doi:10.1109/hbdss54392.2021.00023
Romain, A. J., Cadet, R., & Baillot, A. (2020) · doi:10.31236/osf.io/2gne8
Castillo-Eito, L., Armitage, C. J., Norman, P., & Rowe, R. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8nz3j
Does Real Age Feedback Really Motivate Us to Change our Lifestyle? Results from an Online Experiment
Bartmann, N., Rayburn-Reeves, R. M., Lindemans, J. W., & Dan Ariely, C. (2022) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2022.2030078
“This can be done by giving concrete advice on active lifestyle changes, or having participants form implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) via individualized treatment programs.”
BackgroundFord, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.003
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119961307.refs
(2012) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.fenou.2012.01.0291
Evolutionary Origins of Social Purpose
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.007
Raab, G., Unger, A., & Unger, F. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-02067-5_14
van Keulen, H. M., Voogt, C. V., Kleinjan, M., Andree, R., & van Empelen, P. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.36969
Ford, M. E., & Smith, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108869164.008 · Cited by 1
Tully, M. P., & Franklin, B. D. (2015) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18773-28
Reinwand, D. A. (2016) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20161221dr
Effects of a Smoking Cessation Coaching Program to Improve Smoking Habits
Ryu, S.-H., Yoo, J.-H., An-Na, C., Kim, S.-R., Park, S.-S., & Tak, J. (2022) · Journal of Social Science · doi:10.16881/jss.2022.04.33.2.33
Liu, Y., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2022) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2022.2070876
“Taking a pooled effect size Cohen’s d of 0.65 (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), alpha of 0.05, and power set to 80%, our required sample size was 100.2 One hundred and twenty-one participants were recruited, while they were drinking in a pub on campus, with the majority being students and university…”
InfluentialModelle gesundheitsbezogenen Handelns und Verhaltensänderung
Lippke, S., & Schüz, B. (2021) · Springer Reference Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54179-1_29-2
Inteligencja w codziennym życiu
(2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515 · Cited by 12
Igniting Deliberation in High Stake Decisions: A Field Study
Shen, P. (2021) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.7364
Mele, A. R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373873-8.00031-1
Prospection and goals in health aging
Lapp, L. K. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14649417
Gallant, A. J., Bishop, A., Cassidy, C. E., Egar, J., & Curran, J. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-21813/v1
“While education is a commonly employed behaviour change strategy, without the addition of BCTs like action planning and/or goal setting, it is unlikely to lead to changes in behavior [73, 74].”
MethodKalkstein, D. A., & Fujita, K. (2020) · The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781119057840.ch126
Kross, E. F., & Guevarra, D. A. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0170 · Cited by 1
Birrer, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_38-1
Elfeddali, I. (2013) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20130627ie
Igniting Deliberation in High Stake Decisions: A Field Study
Shen, P. (2021) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.7364-1.0
Behavior and Behavior Assessment
Kelly, J. R., & Agnew, C. R. (2018) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190224837.013.5
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407864-2.16001-1
(2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial00a
McAnally, H. B., Freeman, L. W., & Darnall, B. D. (2019) · doi:10.1093/med/9780190920142.003.0011
Ziele, Volition und Handlungskontrolle
Brandstätter, V., Schüler, J., Puca, R. M., & Lozo, L. (2018) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-56685-5_9
Prudix, D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-08584-1_1
The Role of Information and Social Learning on Risky Sexual Behavior in Cameroon
Huillery, É., Abadía, L., Pascaline Dupas, Y., & Welch, K. (2016) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.609-3.0
Koch, A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49058-7_16
Igniting Deliberation in High Stake Decisions: A Field Study
Shen, P. (2021) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.7364-1.1
“Similarly, the positive impact of the Involvement treatment relative to Pure Information adds to papers demonstrating that enhancing mental involvement and attention helps people taking actions and reaching better decisions (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; Hettema et al., 2005; Carrera et al., 2018).”
Background(Wie) Können Coaching-Praktiker*innen von Wissenschaft lernen?
Schöll, W., Greif, S., & Möller, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45119-9_9-1
The Role of Information and Social Learning on Risky Sexual Behavior in Cameroon
Huillery, É., Abadía, L., Pascaline Dupas, Y., & Welch, K. (2016) · AEA Randomized Controlled Trials · doi:10.1257/rct.609
Stressbewältigungs- und Problemlösetrainings
Bittner, A., & Helbig‐Lang, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61814-1_32
Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Assendelft, W. J., Vrieling, A., de Bruin, M., & Buffart, L. M. (2020) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2449-1_42
Sweeney, A. M., & Anonymousa (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/tnjeq
Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N. E., & Lintunen, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.047
Handlungsplanung, Barrieren und Barrierenmanagement
Krämer, L. V., & Göhner, W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61170-8_11
No One Dresses Accidentally: A Research Synthesis on Intentional Occupational Performance
Crabtree, J. L. (2009) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.3928/15394492-20090701-01
Prospection and goals in health aging
Lapp, L. K. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14649417.v1
(2020) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4366-5.ch015
Arabnarmi, B., & Ramezanzade, H. (2022) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v33i1.3305
32nd International Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases
(2022) · Kiel computer science series · doi:10.21941/kcss/2022/3
Winner Takes it All: Do Financial Incentives Motivate College Planning Step Completion?Preprint
Pender, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4147807
Expósito, A., Fernández‐Serrano, J., Frende, M., & Gómez, G. (2022) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97699-6_6
Mechi, A. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6315-4.ch001
A Large Scale Examination of Digital Textual Nudges on Uptake Rates of Medical CheckupsPreprint
Maltz, A., Rashkovich, S., Sarid, A., Cohen, Y., Saifer, E., Belkin, N. A., Landau, T., & Alcalay, T. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4162725
Entrepreneurial Intention in Tourism post Covid 19: An Exploratory Study
Dieguez, T. (2022) · Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi · doi:10.26677/tr1010.2022.1056
“…entrepreneurial intention is the trigger of entrepreneurial action (Liñán & Fayolle, 2015), although intention does not always instigate an action (Townsend, Busenitz & Arthurs, 2010) due to various reasons, including constraints and changing individual preferences (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundDas Textverstehen von Studierenden beim Lesen multipler Dokumente und dessen Förderung
Schoor, C., Zink, T., Mahlow, N., Hahnel, C., Deribo, T., Kröhne, U., Goldhammer, F., & Artelt, C. (2022) · V&R unipress eBooks · doi:10.14220/9783737013970.57
Patient Examination and Initial Therapy
Carthy, C. M., Engeberston, S., Chaar, E. E., Weinberg, M. A., Segelnick, S. L., & Sapanaro, D. M. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119793588.ch5
How can implementation intentions be used to modify gambling behavior?
Quinton, T. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957120
“Evidence has demonstrated implementation intentions to be effective in promoting behavior (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), including those related to health (Prestwich et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
