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Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
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“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
Cites
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“…la promoción de la consecución exitosa de las metas y son especialmente efectivas para proteger el esfuerzo de las metas de influencias no deseadas Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) La teoría del comportamiento planeado, propuesta por Ajzen (1991) La percepción de control del comportamiento, como…”
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“…perceptions of the world (e.g., fear, guilt, disgust, dissonance, reactance, anger, envy, shame, or injustice), or be provoked intentionally (e.g., with an implementation intention; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006) to align the situational behavior selection with strategic evaluations and goals.”
BackgroundWirtz, M. A., Schulz, A. A., Heiberger, A., & Dresch, C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20436-6 · Cited by 1
“To support parental action in line with parental intentions , it is beneficial if the prevention behavior to be implemented is concretely defined, the implementation context is clearly specified and the behavior is to be carried out rather promptly [36].”
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“According to a meta-analysis by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), compared to goal intention, the implementation intention strategy has a medium-to-large effect on goal attainment ( d = 0.65), showing variations across domains.”
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“Meta-analyses have demonstrated that implementation-intention-based interventions are an effective method of facilitating behaviour change across a range of behaviours, 12 but little is known about adapting these interventions to reduce repeat self-harm.”
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“—which have shown medium to large effects on goal attainment (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Webb et al., 2012).”
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“18 22 The goal of the current work was to examine whether combining sleep education with an II strategy (Education+II) would lead to changes in sleep behaviors compared to a condition that only received sleep education (Education Only).”
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“Implementation intentions indicate where, when, and how the behavior will occur (e.g., If I am in situation X, then I’ll do Y.; Gallo & Gollwitzer, 2007; Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
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“In the study of intention and behavior link, implementation intention has emerged as an essential step towards actualizing the goal intention [47, 48, 58], which has been applied to entrepreneurship in an extended TPB model [50].”
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“Inboth conditions, Ellie asked participants (i.e.,If-Thenplans 30 ; see Supplementary Material Section II for the full Ellie script).”
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“…context-relevant examples (Figures S2 and S3 in Multimedia Appendix 1), guiding participants through an evaluation of the various applied examples, and establishing an implementation intention to use their preferred strategies when they become aware of symptoms discussed in module 1 [27,37,38].”
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“This mental strategy has been shown to reliably aid goal attainment (for a meta-analysis, see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
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“Strategies drawn from the self-regulation and behavioral intervention literature included implementation intention formation [27], noti(cid:976)ication management, physical device separation during work and sleep periods, and substitution with of(cid:976)line leisure activities.”
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“57 While some have suggested there may be such a thing as too much fl exibility with performance being detrimentally affected, 27 this was not high-lighted as a concern by coaches in our study.”
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“Implementation intentions, by specifying concrete if-then plans, strengthen goal commitment and facilitate translating intentions into action (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; Inzlicht et al., 2021), and may serve as an effective strategy to reduce BP.”
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“…should be addressed in future research through more sensitive outcome measures, including conditional scenarios, implementation intentions that capture specific behavioral plans (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006), and graduated commitment scales to distinguish passive interest from concrete planning.”
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Trethewey, N. (2024) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · doi:10.24382/bsqf-7182 · Cited by 1
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Iudici, A., Faccio, E., & Salvini, A. (2013) · The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.15405/ejsbs.73 · Cited by 1
The Role of Perceived E-Collaborative Performance in an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model
Cheng, E. W. L., & Chu, S. K. W. (2016) · International Journal of e-Collaboration · doi:10.4018/ijec.2016100103 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, while behavioral intentions have been widely known to be predictive of specific behaviors (Ajzen et al., 2011; Tang & Austin, 2009), some researchers have found the significant relationship between intentions and actual performance (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Wieber et al., 2010).”
BackgroundPromoting Patient and Caregiver Engagement during Discharge from a Healthcare Facility
Barg‐Walkow, L. H., Foerster, F., & Jones, S. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931215591324 · Cited by 1
“Enabling patients to play a role in the care process can be beneficial; patients’ perceived control is related to positive health outcomes (Walker, 2001) and setting an action plan is associated with compliance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundO’Brien, D., McNaughton, S. M., Flood, B., Morgan, J. E., & Bowmar, A. (2016) · Australian Journal of Clinical Education · doi:10.53300/001c.5088 · Cited by 1
Implementation Intentions and How They Influence Goal Achievement in MOOCs
Kreijns, K., Kalz, M., Castaño‐Muñoz, J., & Punie, Y. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59044-8_28 · Cited by 1
Identity construction in coaching: Schemas, information processing, and goal commitment.
Coultas, C. W., & Eduardo Salas, A. (2015) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/cpb0000046 · Cited by 1
“T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. quite weak (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Lawton, Conner, & McEachan, 2009).”
Kubis, H., Alshubrami, M., Alrajhi, S., & Cox, W. M. (2017) · Saudi Journal of Obesity · doi:10.4103/sjo.sjo_15_17 · Cited by 1
“Having an intention to achieve a goal, or even becoming committed to achieving a particular goal, does not of course guarantee that the goal will be achieved.([38]) Indeed, the monitoring of goal progress is essential for goal achievement; in fact, the frequency of monitoring is an important mediator of goal attainmen…”
BackgroundPractice of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Governmental Sector
AlAnazi, T. M. B. (2018) · International Journal of Business Administration · doi:10.5430/ijba.v9n4p148 · Cited by 1
Shift to political topics as the main content strategy of American cable news
Чобанян, К. В. (2018) · World of Media Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies · doi:10.30547/worldofmedia.3.2018.3 · Cited by 1
Toward a Rule-Breaking Managerial Framework
Veenendaal, A.-K. (2019) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16107-1_3 · Cited by 1
Smith, D. H. (2019) · Voluntaristics Review · doi:10.1163/24054933-12340028 · Cited by 1
Wat leert onderzoek naar overtuigende teksten over het ontwerpen van overtuigender teksten?
Hoeken, H. (2019) · Tijdschrift voor taalbeheersing · doi:10.5117/tvt2019.1.008.hoek · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
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