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The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries.
Abstract
This paper estimates the disease burden and loss of economic output associated with chronic diseases-mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes-in 23 selected countries which account for around 80% of the total burden of chronic disease mortality in developing countries. In these 23 selected low-income and middle-income countries, chronic diseases were responsible for 50% of the total disease burden in 2005. For 15 of the selected countries where death registration data are available, the estimated age-standardised death rates for chronic diseases in 2005 were 54% higher for men and 86% higher for women than those for men and women in high-income countries. If nothing is done to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, an estimated US$84 billion of economic production will be lost from heart disease, stroke, and diabetes alone in these 23 countries between 2006 and 2015. Achievement of a global goal for chronic disease prevention and control-an additional 2% yearly reduction in chronic disease death rates over the next 10 years-would avert 24 million deaths in these countries, and would save an estimated $8 billion, which is almost 10% of the projected loss in national income over the next 10 years.
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“Epidemiological transitions are defined by a shift from a heavy burden of infectious diseases to a major prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)”
From Colonial transition as a major mediator of global health transition: lessons from the 2024 New Caledonia crisis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“which currently account for about 80% of all deaths worldwide”
From Colonial transition as a major mediator of global health transition: lessons from the 2024 New Caledonia crisis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“and are thus closely connected to the ageing of the populations – i.e. the demographic transition [3]”
From Colonial transition as a major mediator of global health transition: lessons from the 2024 New Caledonia crisis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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“Diabetes, for example, cost the LAC region an estimated US $65 billion in 2000, with 83% due to the indirect costs (22).”
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“Occurrence of chronic diseases among the working age group is expected to increase along with increasing share of elderly population in India [39].”
BackgroundRajabi, F., Esmailzadeh, H., Rostamigooran, N., & Majdzadeh, R. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 17
Innovation in Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research
Mulaudzi, F. M., & Chyun, D. A. (2015) · Rwanda Journal · doi:10.4314/rj.v2i2.3f · Cited by 17
Oyeyemi, A. L., Deforche, B. I., Sallis, J. F., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., & Dyck, D. V. (2013) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.120509-quan-244 · Cited by 17
“Some of these findings have been replicated in developing countries, but additional studies are needed to guide environmental interventions in subSaharan African countries where the prevalence of obesity-related mortality is rising and the sociocultural and physical environments are distinct.(2,6,35) Because of cultur…”
BackgroundReconsidering the history of type 2 diabetes in India: emerging or re-emerging disease?
Weaver, L. J., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 17
Health State EstimationPreprint
Nag, N. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.09312 · Cited by 19
“We see this including impoverished areas of the world, with 80 percent of chronic disease burden occurring in developing countries Abegunde et al. (2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialBertuol, C., Tozetto, W. R., Streb, A. R., & Duca, G. F. D. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1880646 · Cited by 16
“, 2019), and lead to psychosocial disorders (Conversano, 2019), focusing on high costs in health services (Abegunde et al., 2007).”
BackgroundIto, T., Kounnavong, S., & Miyoshi, C. (2022) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-022-01788-0 · Cited by 16
“Page 4/25 high-income countries because of greater challenges in appropriate treatment, prevention, and early detection [9-11].”
BackgroundDirect economic burden attributable to age-related diseases in China: An econometric modelling study
Ye, X., Wang, M., Xia, Y., He, P., & Zheng, X. (2023) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.13.04042 · Cited by 16
The macroeconomic burden of noncommunicable diseases and mental health conditions in South America
Ferranna, M., Cadarette, D., Chen, S., Ghazi, P., Ross, F., Zucker, L., & Bloom, D. E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293144 · Cited by 21
“One set of papers uses a production function approach similar to the one adopted in this paper [12–19].”
MethodChrétien, J.-P. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.362 · Cited by 16
“2 billion in Mexico, Indonesia, and Nigeria, respectively.(8) Urban air pollution and road traffic crashes each may cost developing countries approximately 5% of gross domestic product, according to the United Nations and World Bank, respectively.”
BackgroundPrevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares de un área rural y urbana de Colombia
Briceño, G., Céspedes, J., Leal, M., & Vargas, S. (2018) · Biomédica · doi:10.7705/biomedica.v38i4.4223 · Cited by 15
“PreHTA 6,86 (4,87-9,57) 8,92 (6,46-12,21) 7,8 (6,17-9,82) 9,24 (5,24-15,80) 5,83 (2,70-12,13) 7,66 (4,84-11,92)”
InfluentialGalson, S. W., Stanifer, J. W., Hertz, J. T., Temu, G. A., Thielman, N. M., Gafaar, T., & Staton, C. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211287 · Cited by 16
García, C. M. (2019) · Salud Pública de México · doi:10.21149/8886 · Cited by 16
Koşan, Z., Yılmaz, S., Yerli, E. B., & Köyceğiz, E. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2019.05.017 · Cited by 16
Ghazizadeh, H., Mirinezhad, S. M. R., Asadi, Z., Parizadeh, S. M., Zare‐Feyzabadi, R., Shabani, N., Eidi, M., Farkhany, E. M., Esmaily, H., Mahmoudi, A. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.23160 · Cited by 16
Walmsley, R. S., Tshentu, Z. R., Fernandes, M. A., & Frost, C. L. (2010) · Inorganica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.ica.2010.03.028 · Cited by 16
Polymorphisms, Hypertension and Thiazide Diuretics
Citterio, L., Lanzani, C. L., & Manunta, P. (2011) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs.11.110 · Cited by 16
A decade of nutrition research in Africa: assessment of the evidence base and academic collaboration
Lachat, C. K., Roberfroid, D., den Broeck, L. V., den Briel, N. V., Nago, E. S., Kruger, A., Holdsworth, M., Orach, C. G., & Kolsteren, P. W. (2014) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980014002146 · Cited by 16
Results from Nigeria’s 2013 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Akinroye, K., Oyeyemi, A. L., Odukoya, O. O., Adeniyi, A. F., Adedoyin, R. A., Ojo, O. S., Alawode, D. A., Ozomata, E. A., & Awotidebe, T. O. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.11.s1.s88 · Cited by 16
Urban Planning, Development and Non-communicable Diseases
Rao, M., Barten, F., Blackshaw, N., Lapitan, J. M., Galea, G., Jacoby, E., Samarth, A., & Buckley, E. J. (2011) · Planning Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/02697459.2011.585569 · Cited by 16
“In addition, deaths from chronic diseases in developing countries tend to occur at a younger age than in high-income countries—a factor that further exacerbates the total disease burden (Abegunde et al., 2007).”
BackgroundRosen, M. A., Chima, A. M., Sampson, J., Jackson, E. V., Koka, R., Marx, M. K., Kamara, T. B., Ogbuagu, O. U., & Lee, B. H. (2015) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzv030 · Cited by 16
Kamal, A. K., Muqeet, A., Farhat, K., Khalid, W., Jamil, A., Gowani, A., Muhammad, A. A., Zaidi, F., Khan, D., Elahi, T., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1244-1 · Cited by 17
Enhanced hypertension care through private clinics in Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial
Khan, M. A., Khan, N., Walley, J. D., Khan, S. E., Hicks, J. P., Sheikh, F. I., Khan, M. A., Ali, M. M., Ahmed, M., Khan, H. J., et al. (2019) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpopen18x101617 · Cited by 16
“Introduction Hypertension and related CVDs cause high mortality globally.(2) The level of detection, treatment, and control of hypertension is low, especially in resource-limited countries, leading to complications such as stroke, and heart and renal failure.”
BackgroundGu, D., Li, K., Wang, X., Li, X., Liu, F., Jiang, L., & Zhang, F. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2916630 · Cited by 16
“About 60% of deaths worldwide are attributed to these diseases, and approximately 80% of deaths from chronic diseases occur in low and middle-income countries [4].”
BackgroundAlake, C. O. (2019) · International Journal of Vegetable Science · doi:10.1080/19315260.2019.1610926 · Cited by 16
“Insufficient nutrition impairs individual cognitive development (Bouis et al., 2011), disease resistance among children (Adelakun et al., 2009), and incurs economic and societal costs (Abegunde et al., 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Abegunde, D. O., Mathers, C. D., Adam, T., Ortegon, M., & Strong, K.
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Mathers, Colin D
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 9603
- Pages
- 1929-1938
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W1987313755
- Cited by
- 1,603
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 106 · 2014: 115 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 96
- FWCI
- 10.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Global Health Care Issues
- Keywords
- chronic disease, disease burden, economic cost of illness, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, low-income countries, middle-income countries, sex differences in mortality, mortality averted, chronic disease prevention, global health goals
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Registries, Global Health, Cost of Illness, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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