The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 10 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Air-side thermal hydraulic performance of multi-louvered fin aluminum heat exchangers
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This experimental study measured air-side heat transfer and pressure drop for 45 multi-louvered fin and flat-tube aluminum heat exchangers over louver angles of 15–29°, fin pitches of 1.0/1.2/1.4 mm, flow depths of 16/20/24 mm, and air-side Reynolds numbers based on louver pitch of 100–600. General Colburn j and Fanning friction f correlations were developed with rms errors of ±14.5% and ±7%, respectively.
Key findings
- Heat transfer coefficients decrease with flow depth and increase with face air velocity; pressure drops increase with flow depth and air velocity. For 24 mm flow depth, heat transfer coefficients increase with louver angle up to a maximum at 27° and then decrease; for 16 mm flow depth they do not change much with louver angle.
- Friction factors increase with louver angle, but the effect decreases for louver angles larger than 21°. For louver angles below 19°, heat transfer coefficients decrease with fin pitch; for louver angles larger than 23°, they increase with fin pitch. The effect of fin spacing on heat transfer is relatively small (2–15%) and depends on flow depth and Reynolds number.
- The j factors for 16 and 20 mm flow depths are similar, while those for 24 mm are smaller; the f factors for 20 and 24 mm flow depths are similar, while those for 16 mm are relatively smaller. The paper attributes this partly to different tube geometry (2 mm for 20 and 24 mm flow depths and 3 mm for 16 mm).
- The j correlation predicts 225 test data points within an rms error of ±14.5%, and the f correlation within ±7%. The f correlation indicates that flow depth is an important parameter for pressure drop; the present and Sunden and Svantesson correlations reflect flow-depth effects, while other compared correlations do not.
Methods
- Tests used a suction-type wind tunnel in a constant-temperature and humidity chamber with 45 multi-louvered fin and flat-tube heat exchangers. Louver pitch, louver length, and fin height were 1.7, 6.4, and 8.15 mm; tested core size was 350×255 mm; tube pitches were 11.15 and 10.15 mm.
- Test conditions were air-side Reynolds numbers based on louver pitch and maximum velocity of 100–600, a constant tube-side water flow rate of 0.32 m³/h, and inlet air and water temperatures of 21°C and 45°C. Data were reduced using the effectiveness-NTU method for cross-flow with both fluids unmixed, and results were expressed as Colburn j and Fanning friction f factors versus Reynolds number based on louver pitch.
- Measurement uncertainties were less than ±3% for heat transfer rate, ±12% for heat transfer coefficients, and ±10% for pressure drops.
Limitations
- The paper states no dedicated limitations section. Stated constraints include that the j and f correlations were developed from 225 test data points for Fp/Lp < 1, with rms errors of ±14.5% and ±7%, and that tests covered only air-side Reynolds numbers of 100–600, a water flow rate of 0.32 m³/h, and inlet air/water temperatures of 21°C/45°C.
- Evident from the text: the 45 samples cover limited geometry ranges (louver angles 15–29°, fin pitches 1.0–1.4 mm, flow depths 16–24 mm), so extrapolation beyond these configurations and test conditions is not supported. Comparisons with other correlations use only two sample heat exchangers (type I and type II), and some explanations for differences among correlations are described as difficult to explain.
- The published record includes an erratum correcting Figs. 9 and 11 of the original paper.
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Claims the paper makes
16 Own result · 7 No basis given · 5 Own interpretation · 4 Own method · 3 Sources not found · 3 Not checked yet · 2 No full text of the sources
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the effect of louver angle on the heat transfer coefficients depends on flow depth”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 20 mm flow depth, the effect of louver angle on the heat transfer and pressure drop varies with face velocity. It decreases with face air velocity due to more mixing for larger face velocities.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Pressure drops for all flow depths increase with louver angle”
- Also stated in: § 4. Concluding remarks · p. 10 · plain
“Pressure drops increase with louver angle and flow depth and decrease with increasing fin pitch.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 4. Concluding remarks · p. 10 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 16 mm flow depth, heat transfer coefficients do not change much with louver angle.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These heat transfer behaviors with fin pitch are different, compared to the conventional finned tube heat exchangers.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pressure drops increase with louver angle and flow depth and decrease with increasing fin pitch.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for louver angle larger than 23 heat transfer coefficients increase with fin pitch”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present correlation predicts the test data within rms error of 14.5%.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The correlation and test data are in good agreement within rms error of 7%.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of fin spacing on the pressure drop decreases with louver angle.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- Probably not a substantial claim. 4
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Friction factors increase with louver angle, but the effect of louver angle on the f factor decreases for louver angles larger than 21”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for 24 mm flow depth, heat transfer coefficients increase with louver angle, have a maximum at 27 , and again decrease with louver angle”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the pressure drops increase with flow depth and air velocity”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the heat transfer coefficients decrease with flow depth and increase with face velocity”
- Also stated in: § 4. Concluding remarks · p. 10 · plain
“Heat transfer coefficients decrease with flow depth and increase exponentially with face air velocity.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 4. Concluding remarks · p. 10 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The j factor increases with louver angle, but its effect on the j factor varies with flow depth.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the j factors for F d=16 and 20 mm are similar and for F d=24 mm are smaller”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of louver angle on heat transfer is different according to flow depth, fin spacing and Reynolds number, but the effect of fin spacing is relatively small.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“for F d=24 mm, j factor increases with louver angle for L a 4 27 , and decreases with louver angle for L a >27”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of fin spacing on the heat transfer is relatively small (2-15%) and depends on flow depth and Reynolds number.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the f factors for F d=20 and 24 mm are similar and for F d=16 mm are relatively smaller than those of larger flow depth”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The present, Sunden and Svantesson's [13] and Chang and Wang's correlations [16] reflect the effect of different flow depths, while the other correlations have the similar j factors for both heat exchangers since the flow depth is not included in their correlations.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] Sunden B, Svantesson J. Correlation of j- and f-factors for multilouvered heat transfer surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 3rd UK National Conference on Heat Transfer, 1992. pp. 805-11.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Chang, 1997, A generalized heat transfer correlation for louvered fin geometry, Int. J. Heat Transfer source
plaindirectn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“The present and Sunden and Svantesson's [13] correlations reflect the effect of flow depth on the pressure drop, while other correlations do not reflect.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] Sunden B, Svantesson J. Correlation of j- and f-factors for multilouvered heat transfer surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 3rd UK National Conference on Heat Transfer, 1992. pp. 805-11.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The air-side thermal-hydraulic performance of multilouvered fin and flat tube heat exchangers depends on louver geometry such as fin and louver pitches, louver angle, and flow depth.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All louver geometries were checked before brazing and overall heat exchanger quality after brazing was excellent.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the general f correlation for the pressure drop is not available in the open literature.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When Reynolds number and louver angle are small and the ratio of fin pitch to louver pitch is large, friction loss along the flow depth becomes less significant so the airflow becomes duct-directed. This decrease of flow efficiency causes the heat transfer coefficient to decrease.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“indicating that Davenport's correlation [3] is more suitable for the heat exchangers with larger flow depth and does not reflect the effect of flow depth.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Davenport, 1983, Correlation for heat transfer and friction characteristics of louvered fin, AICHE Sym. Ser.
hedgedn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“A multi-louver fin and flat tube heat exchanger is one of the potential alternatives for replacing conventional finned tube heat exchangers [1].”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Webb RL. Advances in air-cooled heat exchanger technology. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Heat Exchangers for Sustainable Development, Lisbon, Portugal, 1998. p. 677–92.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“uncertainties for the heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were 12 and 10%, respectively [24].”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] Moffat, 1988, Describing the uncertainties in experimental results, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Sci. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As can be seen from the previously discussed four correlations, all the correlations by Chang and co-works and Kim and Bullard can only correlate less than 67% (as low as 36.56%) of the current experimental data with a deviation of ± 25%.”
From A heat transfer and friction factor correlation for low air-side Reynolds number applications of compact heat exchangers (1535-RP) (2017) · cites this paper as Kim and Bullard (2002)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Also, Kim and Bullard [61] presented fluid-flow and heat transfer correlations for dry air using 40 configurations.”
From Compact and microchannel heat exchangers: A comprehensive review of air-side friction factor and heat transfer correlations (2018) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ 2.3. Test condition and method · p. 4
“| 16 | 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 | 11.15 | 8 | 23, 25, 27, 29 |”
§ 3.1. Heat transfer correlation · p. 9
“| I | 23 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 8.15 | 10.15 | 16 | 0.1 |”
Citations
Cites
Describing the uncertainties in experimental results
Moffat, R. J. (1988) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/0894-1777(88)90043-x · Cited by 9,860
Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer
Larkin, A. V. (2018) · BSU Digital Library (Belarusian State University) · Cited by 8,034
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
Incropera, F. P. (1985) · Cited by 3,679
Kays, W. M., London, A. L., & Eckert, E. R. G. (1960) · Journal of Applied Mechanics · doi:10.1115/1.3644004 · Cited by 2,846
(1978) · Cited by 1,056
A generalized heat transfer correlation for Iouver fin geometry
Chang, Y.-J., & Wang, C.-C. (1997) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/0017-9310(96)00116-0 · Cited by 493
Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of flat tube and louvered plate fin surfaces
Achaichia, A., & Cowell, T. A. (1988) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/0894-1777(88)90032-5 · Cited by 235
Flow structure in the louvered fin heat exchanger geometry
Webb, R. L., & Trauger, P. (1991) · Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science · doi:10.1016/0894-1777(91)90065-y · Cited by 119
Air Side Performance of Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchangers
Chang, Y., & Wang, C. (1996) · Enhanced heat transfer/Journal of enhanced heat transfer · doi:10.1615/jenhheattransf.v3.i1.20 · Cited by 93
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Webb RL. Advances in air-cooled heat exchanger technology. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Heat Exchangers for Sustainable Development, Lisbon, Portugal, 1998. p. 677–92.
- Davenport CJ. Heat transfer and fluid flow in louvered triangular ducts. PhD thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lanchester Polytechnic, 1980.
- Davenport, 1983, Correlation for heat transfer and friction characteristics of louvered fin, AICHE Sym. Ser., 79, 19
- Achaichia A. The performance of louvered tube-and-plate fin heat transfer surface. PhD thesis, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Brighton Polytechnic, 1987.
- Webb, 1992, Air-side performance of enhanced brazed aluminum heat exchangers, ASHRAE Trans., 98, 391
- Rugh, 1992, A study of a very compact heat exchanger used for passenger compartment heating in automobiles, ASME Symp. Ser. HTD-Vol. 201, 15-24
- Sunden B, Svantesson J. Correlation of j- and f-factors for multilouvered heat transfer surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 3rd UK National Conference on Heat Transfer, 1992. pp. 805-11.
- Rich, 1973, The effect of fin spacing of the heat transfer and friction performance of multi-row, smooth plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers, ASHRAE Trans., 79, 137
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Kim, M.-H., & Bullard, C. W. (2001) · Energy · doi:10.1016/s0360-5442(01)00042-1 · Cited by 78
Self-citationLiu, Y., Yang, X., Li, J., & Zhao, X. (2018) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.172 · Cited by 76
“The air side heat transfer coef fi cient, h a,c , is given by the correlation proposed by Kim and Bullard [27]. where the Colburn j -factor is calculated as: The Fanning friction factor is given by, where Re Lp is the air-side Reynolds number based on the louver pitch and is calculated as: The air…”
MethodLing, L., Zhang, Q., Yu, Y., Wu, Y., & Liao, S. (2015) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.08.006 · Cited by 70
Park, Y.-G., & Jacobi, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Heat Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.3089548 · Cited by 70
Mao, J.-N., Chen, H.-X., Jia, H., Wang, Y.-J., & Hu, H.-T. (2013) · International Journal of Thermal Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.06.001 · Cited by 72
Okbaz, A., Pınarbaşı, A., & Olcay, A. (2020) · International journal of thermal sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106256 · Cited by 67
Modelling refrigerant distribution in microchannel evaporators
Markussen, W. B., Kærn, M. R., & Elmegaard, B. (2009) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.05.006 · Cited by 65
“Air side Heat transfer coefficient Kim and Bullard (2002) Two-phase region Heat transfer coefficient Zhang et al. (2004) þ smooth transition to single phase Void fraction Homogeneous model i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f r e f r i g e r a t i o n 3 2 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 1 7 3 6 – 1 7 4 3…”
InfluentialLi, W., & Wang, X. (2010) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.04.002 · Cited by 65
Li, X., Wang, N., Wang, L., Kantor, I. D., Robineau, J.-L., Yang, Y., & Marechal, F. M. A. (2017) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.103 · Cited by 62
Zhang, H., Shao, S., Xu, H., Zou, H., Tang, M., & Tian, C. (2015) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.08.014 · Cited by 61
Yue, C., Zhang, Q., Zhai, Z. J., & Ling, L. (2018) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.10.025 · Cited by 61
Okbaz, A., Pınarbaşı, A., Olcay, A. B., & Aksoy, M. H. (2018) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.127 · Cited by 59
Zhan, F., Tang, J., Ding, G., & Zhuang, D. (2016) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.136 · Cited by 59
Wu, Z., & Du, R. (2010) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.09.030 · Cited by 55
Sadeghianjahromi, A., Kheradmand, S., & Nemati, H. (2018) · International journal of thermal sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.03.002 · Cited by 57
Kim, M.-H., Youn, B., & Bullard, C. W. (2001) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/s0017-9310(01)00104-1 · Cited by 52
Self-citationZhang, H., Shao, S., Xu, H., Zou, H., Tang, M., & Tian, C. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.053 · Cited by 50
Sun, X., Ling, L., Liao, S., Chu, Y., Fan, S., & Mo, Y. (2017) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.068 · Cited by 50
Performance comparison of air-source heat pump water heater with different expansion devices
Peng, J.-W., Li, H., & Zhang, C. (2016) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.113 · Cited by 49
Li, J., Jia, J., Huang, L., & Wang, S. (2017) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.140 · Cited by 49
Performance evaluation of a window room air conditioner with microchannel condensers
Kim, M.-H., & Bullard, C. W. (2002) · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · doi:10.1115/1.1446072 · Cited by 48
Self-citationZhang, H., Shao, S., Jin, T., & Tian, C. (2017) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.135 · Cited by 48
Sok, R., & Kusaka, J. (2022) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123718 · Cited by 47
Sok, R., & Kusaka, J. (2022) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119530 · Cited by 46
Liang, Y. Y., Liu, C. C., Li, C. Z., & Chen, J. P. (2015) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.05.018 · Cited by 45
Saleem, A., & Kim, M.-H. (2017) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.082 · Cited by 45
Self-citationMicrochannel Heat Exchanger Design for Evaporator and Condenser Applications
Kim, M.-H., Lee, S.-Y., Mehendale, S., & Webb, R. (2003) · Advances in heat transfer · doi:10.1016/s0065-2717(03)37004-2 · Cited by 45
Self-citationDoğan, B., Altun, Ö., Uğurlubilek, N., Tosun, M., Sarıçay, T., & Erbay, L. B. (2015) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.059 · Cited by 44
Modelling distribution of evaporating CO2 in parallel minichannels
Markussen, W. B., Kærn, M. R., & Elmegaard, B. (2010) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.04.012 · Cited by 44
Energy-Optimal Control of an Automotive Air Conditioning System for Ancillary Load Reduction
Zhang, Q., Stockar, S., & Canova, M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology · doi:10.1109/tcst.2015.2418322 · Cited by 42
“The correlations to calculate the heat transfer coefficients adopted in this paper are specific to cross-flow compact heat exchangers with louvers and fins, and have been proposed in [25] and [26].”
MethodNumerical modeling of serpentine microchannel condensers
Shao, L.-L., Yang, L., Zhang, C., & Gu, B. Q. (2009) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.02.007 · Cited by 42
Improving air-side heat transfer performance in air-cooled power plant condensers
Lin, J., Mahvi, A. J., Kunke, T. S., & Garimella, S. (2020) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.114913 · Cited by 42
Heat transfer—a review of 2002 literature
Goldstein, R. J., Eckert, E. R. G., Ibele, W. E., Patankar, S. V., Simon, T. W., Kuehn, T. H., Strykowski, P. J., Tamma, K. K., Bar‐Cohen, A., Heberlein, J. V. R., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.10.011 · Cited by 42
“Additional papers discuss circular tubes with internal longitudinal fins with tapered lateral profiles and aspects of multi-louvered fin geometry [1527–1530].”
BackgroundKo, Y. M., Song, J. Y., Lee, J. W., Sohn, S., Song, C. H., Khoshvaght-Aliabadi, M., Kim, Y., & Kang, Y. T. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.129609 · Cited by 43
Generalized heat-transfer and fluid-flow correlations for corrugated louvered fins
Ryu, K., & Lee, K.-S. (2015) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.12.044 · Cited by 46
Zhou, K. X., Miljkovic, N., & Cai, L. (2021) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110749 · Cited by 41
Kim, M.-H., Song, S., & Bullard, C. W. (2002) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/s0140-7007(01)00061-5 · Cited by 39
Self-citationKim, Y. J., Jeong, M., Park, Y. G., & Ha, M. Y. (2018) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.03.019 · Cited by 39
Simulation of a micro channel separate heat pipe (MCSHP) under low heat flux and low mass flux
Ling, L., Zhang, Q., Yu, Y., Wu, Y., Liao, S., & Sha, Z. (2017) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.049 · Cited by 38
Saleem, A., & Kim, M.-H. (2017) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en10060823 · Cited by 38
Self-citationRibeiro, F. H. E., de Conde, K. E., Garcia, É. C., & Nascimento, I. P. (2020) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115188 · Cited by 38
Experimentally Validated Model of Refrigerant Distribution in a Parallel Microchannel Evaporator
Tuo, H., Bielskus, A., & Hrnjak, P. (2012) · SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing · doi:10.4271/2012-01-0321 · Cited by 37
Erbay, L., Uğurlubilek, N., Altun, Ö., & Doğan, B. (2017) · Heat Transfer Engineering · doi:10.1080/01457632.2016.1200382 · Cited by 36
“the numerical results of Perrotin and Clodic [37] and the experimental results of Kim and Bullard [10].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBahman, A. M., Ziviani, D., & Groll, E. A. (2018) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.07.024 · Cited by 35
Numerical study on air-side performance of an integrated fin and micro-channel heat exchanger
Li, J., Wang, S., Cai, W., & Zhang, W. (2010) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.07.028 · Cited by 34
Martínez-Ballester, S., Corberán, J. M., & Gonzálvez-Maciá, J. (2012) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.08.023 · Cited by 33
“The correlation used for the air-side heat transfer coefficient (Kim and Bullard, 2002) reported rms errors of Table 2 e Geometric characteristics of the condensers used for the model validation (Garcı́a-Cascales et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodJeong, C., Kim, H., Ha, M., Son, S., Lee, J., & Kim, P. Y. (2014) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.044 · Cited by 36
Shojaeefard, . H., & Zare, J. (2016) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.04.093 · Cited by 32
Performance analysis of an electric vehicle heat pump system with a desiccant dehumidifier
Na, S.-I., Chung, Y., & Kim, M. S. (2021) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114083 · Cited by 32
Self-citationOptimal design of a corrugated louvered fin
Ryu, K., Yook, S., & Lee, K.-S. (2014) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.04.022 · Cited by 31
Dezan, D. J., Yanagihara, J. I., Jenovencio, G., & Salviano, L. (2018) · International Journal of Thermal Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.09.039 · Cited by 30
Wang, D., Wang, Y., Yu, B., Shi, J., & Chen, J. (2019) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.02.023 · Cited by 30
Ayad, F., Benelmir, R., & Idris, M. (2021) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116218 · Cited by 30
Development and validation of a microchannel evaporator model for a CO 2 air-conditioning system
Jin, J., Chen, J., & Chen, Z. (2011) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.06.019 · Cited by 30
PADHMANABHAN, S., CREMASCHI, L., & FISHER, D. (2011) · International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration · doi:10.1142/s2010132511000600 · Cited by 29
Optimization of fin geometry in heat convection with entransy theory
Cheng, X., Zhang, Q., Xu, X., & Liang, X. (2013) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/22/2/020503 · Cited by 29
Performance Analysis of an Automotive Heat Pump System with Desiccant Coated Heat Exchangers
Na, S.-I., Kim, M., & Kim, M. S. (2022) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118723 · Cited by 29
Self-citationZhang, F., Bock, J., Jacobi, A. M., & Wu, H. (2013) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.11.046 · Cited by 29
Reshaeel, M., Abdelsamie, M. M., & Ali, M. I. H. (2024) · International Journal of Thermofluids · doi:10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100858 · Cited by 19
Air-side performance of louver-finned flat aluminum heat exchangers at a low velocity region
Kim, N.-H., & Cho, J.-P. (2007) · Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1007/s00231-007-0346-4 · Cited by 28
Dezan, D. J., Salviano, L., & Yanagihara, J. I. (2015) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.072 · Cited by 28
Yan, Z., Oon, C. S., Tan, B. T., & Ooi, J. B. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106227 · Cited by 27
Evaluation of microchannel condenser characteristics by numerical simulation
Yin, X.-W., Wang, W., Patnaik, V., Zhou, J.-S., & Huang, X.-C. (2015) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.03.006 · Cited by 27
Numerical model of a two-phase microchannel heat sink electronics cooling system
Saenen, T., & Baelmans, M. (2012) · International Journal of Thermal Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.04.018 · Cited by 27
“From [27] Eqs.”
MethodInfluentialSegarra, C. D. P., Oliet, C., & Oliva, A. (2008) · Heat Transfer Engineering · doi:10.1080/01457630701851107 · Cited by 27
Mukkamala, Y. S. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.106 · Cited by 28
Modeling air conditioning system with storage evaporator for vehicle energy management
Zhang, Q., & Canova, M. (2015) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.05.003 · Cited by 27
“The correlations to calculate the heat transfer coefficients adopted in this work are specific to cross-flow compact heat exchangers with louvers and fins, and have been proposed by Chang and Wang [26] and Kim and Bullard [27].”
MethodXiong, T., Liu, G., Gao, Q., Yan, G., & Yu, J. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105654 · Cited by 26
Kim, Y. J., & Ha, M. Y. (2017) · Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12206-017-0622-2 · Cited by 26
Dezan, D. J., Salviano, L., & Yanagihara, J. I. (2016) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.107 · Cited by 25
Başaran, A., & Yurddaş, A. (2021) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117446 · Cited by 24
Lee, S.-W., Chung, Y., Kim, S.-J., Jeong, Y., & Kim, M. S. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115265 · Cited by 24
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Gunnasegaran, P., Shuaib, N. H., & Jalal, M. (2012) · ISRN Thermodynamics · doi:10.5402/2012/832708 · Cited by 23
“Kim and Bullard [9] studied experimentally the air-side thermal and hydraulic performance of multi-louvered fin aluminum heat exchangers.”
Optimum louver angle design for a louvered fin heat exchanger
Jang, J.-Y. (2011) · International Journal of the Physical Sciences · doi:10.5897/ijps11.475 · Cited by 23
Shojaeefard, . H., Nourbakhsh, S. D., & Zare, J. (2016) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.009 · Cited by 23
Critical assessment of R410A alternatives for mini-split air conditioners in the Egyptian market
Zaki, O. M., & Abdelaziz, O. A. (2023) · Energy and Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.01.003 · Cited by 22
Li, F., Shi, K., Sun, X., Yue, B., Huang, D., Zhao, R., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.03.011 · Cited by 22
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Modeling of a fan-supplied flat-tube heat exchanger exposed to non-uniform frost growth
Breque, F., & Nemer, M. (2017) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.12.012 · Cited by 21
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Comparison of Additively Manufactured Louvered Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
Bichnevicius, M., Saltzman, D., & Lynch, S. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Apllications · doi:10.1115/1.4044348 · Cited by 19
“Ryu et al. [20] found a more effective louver shape relative to a baseline from Kim and Bullard [7] and modified the Suga-Aoki equation [21] for optimal louver design to expand its ReLp range.”
MethodInfluentialComprehensive Study of Heat Exchangers with Louvered Fins
Erbay, L., Doğan, B., & Öztürk, M. M. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/66472 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, M.-H., & Bullard, C. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Man-Hoe
- ORCID
- Kim, Man-Hoe
- Venue
- International Journal of Refrigeration
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 390-400
- ISSN
- 0140-7007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066694433
- Semantic Scholar
- 49cfbe56084c4f5d7d84db303ee3d9a6eff9b535
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Refrigeration (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Heat transfer and supercritical fluids
- Keywords
- louvered fin heat exchanger, aluminum heat exchangers, air-side heat transfer, pressure drop, fin angle, fin spacing, flow depth, Colburn j-factor, Fanning friction factor, heat transfer coefficient, cross-flow heat exchanger, effectiveness-NTU method, flat tube heat exchanger, air-to-water heat exchanger
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