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The amygdala theory of autism
Abstract
Brothers (Brothers L. Concepts in Neuroscience 1990;1:27-51) proposed a network of neural regions that comprise the "social brain", which includes the amygdala. Since the childhood psychiatric condition of autism involves deficits in "social intelligence", it is plausible that autism may be caused by an amygdala abnormality. In this paper we review the evidence for a social function of the amygdala. This includes reference to the Kluver-Bucy syndrome (which Hetzler and Griffin suggested may serve as an animal model of autism). We then review evidence for an amygdala deficit in people with autism, who are well known to have deficits in social behaviour. This includes a detailed summary of our recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study involving judging from the expressions of another person's eyes what that other person might be thinking or feeling. In this study, patients with autism or AS did not activate the amygdala when making mentalistic inferences from the eyes, whilst people without autism did show amygdala activity. The amygdala is therefore proposed to be one of several neural regions that are abnormal in autism. We conclude that the amygdala theory of autism contains promise and suggest some new lines of research.
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“Moreover, studies in nonhuman primates demonstrate that adult monkeys without amygdalae display inappropriate social behavior (Amaral, 2003, Baron-Cohen et al., 2000, Bliss-Moreau et al., 2011, Brothers et al., 1990, Emery et al., 2001, Malkova et al., 2010).”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Baron-Cohen et al., 2000
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Metadata
- Authors
- Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H. A., Bullmore, E. T., Wheelwright, S., Ashwin, C., & Williams, S. C. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 355-364
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070083499
- Cited by
- 1,130
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 12.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Gatsby Charitable Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, amygdala, social brain, social cognition, Klüver-Bucy syndrome, animal models of autism, amygdala dysfunction, mentalization, gaze, functional MRI
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Autistic Disorder, Humans, Social Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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