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Cited by 980Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionPsychological Testing and Assessment

The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity

Bech, P., Rasmussen, N.-A., Olsen, L.Raabæk, Noerholm, V., Abildgaard, W.·2001·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00309-8
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Abstract

Background A self-rating inventory has been developed to measure DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnoses of major (moderate to severe) depression by the patients' self-reported symptoms. This Major Depression Inventory (MDI) can be scored both according to the DSM-IV and the ICD-10 algorithms for depressive symptomatology and according to severity scales by the simple total sum of the items.Methods The Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) was used as index of validity for the clinician's DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnosis of major (moderate to severe) depression. The sensitivity and specificity of MDI was assessed in a sample of 43 subjects covering a spectrum of depressive symptoms.Results The sensitivity of the MDI algorithms for major depression varied between 0.86 and 0.92. The specificity varied between 0.82 and 0.86. When using the total score of MDI the optimal cut-off score was estimated 26 and the total score was shown to be a sufficient statistic.Limitations The sample of subjects was limited. Patients with psychotic depression were not included.Conclusion The MDI was found to have a sensitivity and specificity which is acceptable. The questionnaire is brief and can be scored diagnostically by the DSM-IV and ICD-10 algorithms as well as by its simple total score.

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  • Depression was measured using four different scales (PHQ-8, MDI, CES-D, HADS); anxiety using three (HADS, STAI-short form, GAD-7); and two trials used multiple measures to assess one outcome.

    “Depression, for example, was measured using four different scales: eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) (Kroenke 2009); Major Depression Inventory (MDI) (Bech 2001); Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (Radloff 1977); and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond 1983); anxiety using three: HADS (Zigmond 1983), State-Trait Anxiety Inven”

    From Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · cites this paper as Bech 2001

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Authors
Bech, P., Rasmussen, N.-A., Olsen, L. R., Noerholm, V., & Abildgaard, W.
Affiliations
Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
Corresponding author
Bech, P.
ORCID
Bech, P.
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-10
Volume
66
Issue
2-3
Pages
159-164
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00309-8
OpenAlex
W1998903052
Cited by
975
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 38
FWCI
12.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords
Major Depression Inventory, major depressive disorder, self-report questionnaire, diagnostic validity, sensitivity and specificity, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, cut-off values, depression severity
MeSH terms
Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results

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