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Cited by 2,044Phonetics and Phonology ResearchEmotion and Mood RecognitionNeuroscience and Music Perception

Vocal communication of emotion: A review of research paradigms

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Scherer, K·2003·Speech Communication
DOI 10.1016/s0167-6393(02)00084-5
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  • Scherer et al. found that high-frequency energy increases when people experience fear, happiness, and anger, while high-frequency energy decreases during times of sadness.

    “Scherer et al. [38] found that high-frequency energy increases when people experience fear, happiness, and anger, while high-frequency energy decreases during times of sadness.”

    From A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Speech, Text, and Face (2023) · cites this paper as [38]

    In §3.2 (page unavailable), Table 6 predicts decreased high-frequency energy for happiness/joy and increased energy for sadness/dejection—the reverse of the cited sentence. Its predictions for fear and hot anger point toward increases, but the paper labels this table as theoretical predictions, not a finding that all four emotions follow the pattern claimed. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

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  • Prosodic features capture variations in pitch, tone, rhythm, and stress in speech and serve as robust indicators of emotional shifts.

    “Prosodic features, capturing variations in pitch, tone, rhythm, and stress in speech, serve as robust indicators of these emotional shifts.”

    From A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Speech, Text, and Face (2023) · cites this paper as [38]

  • Certain acoustic and prosodic features play an important role in recognising the affective state.

    “It is well accepted amongst the research community that certain acoustic and prosodic features play an important role in recognising the affective state [45].”

    From End-to-End Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Deep Neural Networks (2017) · cites this paper as [45]

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Research works printed but not linked: 21

  1. B€ a anziger, T., Scherer, K.R., 2001. Relations entre caract e eris- tiques vocales perc ßues et e emotions attribu e ees. In: Proc. Journ e ees Prosodie, Grenoble, 10-11 October 2001.
  2. Bortz, J., 1966. Physikalisch-akustische Korrelate der vokalen Kommunikation. Arbeiten aus dem psychologischen Insti- tut der Universit€ a at Hamburg, 9 [Reports of the Psychology Department, University of Hamburg, Vol. 9.
  3. Coleman, R.F., Williams, R., 1979. Identification of emotional states using perceptual and acoustic analyses. In: Lawrence, V., Weinberg, B. (Eds.), Transcript of the 8th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, Part I. The Voice Founda- tion, New York.
  4. Frolov, M.V., Milovanova, G.B., Lazarev, N.V., Mekhedova, A.Y., 1999. Speech as an indicator of the mental status of operators and depressed patients. Hum. Physiol. 25 (1), 42-47.
  5. Izard, C.E., 1977. Human Emotions. Plenum Press, New York.
  6. Johnstone, T., 2001. The communication of affect through modulation of non-verbal vocal parameters. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Western Australia.
  7. Kennedy, G., 1972. The Art of Rhetoric in the Roman World. 300 BC-AD 300. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  8. Klasmeyer, G., 2000. An automatic description tool for time- contours and long-term average voice features in large emotional speech databases. In: Proc. ISCA Workshop Speech and Emotion, Newcastle, Northern Ireland, pp. 66-71.
  9. Niwa, S., 1971. Changes of voice characteristics in urgent situations. Reports of the Aeromedical Laboratory, Japan Air Self-Defense Force, 11, pp. 246-251.
  10. Ostwald, P.F., 1964. Acoustic manifestations of emotional disturbances. In: Disorders of Communication, Vol. 42. Research Publications, pp. 450-465.
  11. Plaikner, D., 1970. Die Ver€ a anderung der menschlichen Stimme unter dem Einfluss psychischer Belastung. [Voice changes produced by psychic load]. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
  12. Scherer, K.R., 1985. Vocal affect signalling: A comparative approach. In: Rosenblatt, J., Beer, C., Busnel, M., Slater, P.J.B. (Eds.), Advances in the Study of Behavior. Academic Press, New York, pp. 189-244.
  13. Scherer, K.R., 1989. Vocal correlates of emotion. In: Wagner, H., Manstead, A. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychophysiology: Emotion and Social Behavior. Wiley, London, pp. 165-197.
  14. Scherer, K.R., 1994a. Affect bursts. In: van Goozen, S.H.M., van de Poll, N.E., Sergeant, J.A. (Eds.), Emotions: Essays on Emotion Theory. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 161-196.
  15. Scherer, K.R., 1999b. Universality of emotional expression. In: Levinson, D., Ponzetti, J., Jorgenson, P. (Eds.), Encyclope- dia of Human Emotions. Macmillan, New York, pp. 669- 674.
  16. Perrig, W., Grob, A. (Eds.), Control of Human Behavior, Mental Processes, and Consciousness. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 227-244.
  17. Scherer, K.R., Schorr, A., Johnstone, T. (Eds.), 2001b. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Re- search. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.
  18. Wehrle, T., Kaiser, S., Schmidt, S., Scherer, K.R, 2000. Studying dynamic models of facial expression of emotion using synthetic animated faces. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 78 (1), 105-119.
  19. Westermann, R., Spies, K., Stahl, G., Hesse, F.W., 1996. Relative effectiveness and validity of mood induction procedures: A meta-analysis. Europ. J. Soc. Psychol. 26 (4), 557-580.
  20. Zwirner, E., 1930. Beitrag zur Sprache des Depressiven. [Contribution on the speech of depressives]. Phonometrie III. Spezielle Anwendungen I. Karger, Basel, pp. 171- 187.
  21. Zwicker, E., 1982. Psychoacoustics. Springer, New York.

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Authors
Scherer, K.
Affiliations
University of Geneva (CH)
Corresponding author
Scherer, K
ORCID
Scherer, K
Venue
Speech Communication
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-04
Volume
40
Issue
1-2
Pages
227-256
ISSN
0167-6393 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0167-6393(02)00084-5
OpenAlex
W1976725440
Cited by
2,044
References
176
Citations by year
2026: 156 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 97
FWCI
54.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Speech Communication (publishedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords
Brunswik lens model, acoustic cues, emotional state, attribution, research paradigms, voice and emotion, emotion induction, emotion perception, pitch, timbre, prosody

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