Multisensory convergence in calcarine visual areas in macaque monkey
Abstract
The neural substrates of multisensory perception and integration are still obscure, especially at the cortical level. Alternative viewpoints emphasize (1) 'bottom-up' processes, where different modalities converge in higher order multisensory areas, or (2) 'top-down' projections from multimodal to unimodal areas. In this anatomic study, we use anterograde tracer injections in parietal (8 monkeys) and auditory (3 monkeys) association areas, and demonstrate direct projections to areas V1 and V2 in the calcarine fissure (i.e. the peripheral visual field representation). The laminar signature, with terminations in layers 1 and/or 6, could be consistent with feedback-type connections. A subset of connections from parietal areas, however, branch to both V1 and a ventral extrastriate area (TEO or TEp). Thus, the direct connections to early visual areas V1 and V2 may well operate in conjunction with polysynaptic pathways in a densely parallel network.
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There is evidence for multisensory integration on the subcortical level and for direct anatomical connections between early auditory and early visual areas, mostly reaching peripheral regions.
“Apart from the route via multisensory areas, there is evidence for multisensory integration on the subcortical level [27] and for direct anatomical connections between early auditory and early visual areas [12, 28, 29], mostly reaching peripheral regions [12–14], consistent with both our eccentricity and searchlight results.”
From Decoding sound and imagery content in early visual cortex (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Rockland, K. S., & Ojima, H.
- Affiliations
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Rockland, Kathleen S.
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 19-26
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124304698
- Cited by
- 564
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 26.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- RIKEN
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- multisensory integration, calcarine fissure, primary visual cortex, V2, parietal association areas, feedback connections, extrastriate cortex, polysynaptic pathways, macaque
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Auditory Cortex, Macaca, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Afferent, Parietal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways
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