Development and evaluation of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: a new health status measure for heart failure
Open accessAbstract
Objectives To create a valid, sensitive, disease-specific health status measure for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Background Quantifying health status is becoming increasingly important for CHF. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a new, self-administered, 23-item questionnaire that quantifies physical limitations, symptoms, self-efficacy, social interference and quality of life.Methods To establish the performance characteristics of the KCCQ, two distinct patient cohorts were recruited: 70 stable and 59 decompensated CHF patients with ejection fractions of <40. Upon entry into the study, patients were administered the KCCQ, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Questionnaires were repeated three months later.Results Convergent validity of each KCCQ domain was documented by comparison with available criterion standards (r = 0.46 to 0.74; p < 0.001 for all). Among those with stable CHF who remained stable by predefined criteria (n = 39), minimal changes in KCCQ domains were detected over three months of observation (mean change = 0.8 to 4.0 points, p = NS for all). In contrast, large changes in score were observed among patients whose decompensated CHF improved three months later (n = 39; mean change = 15.4 to 40.4 points, p < 0.01 for all). The sensitivity of the KCCQwas substantially greater than that of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure and the SF-36 questionnaires.Conclusions The KCCQis a valid, reliable and responsive health status measure for patients with CHF and may serve as a clinically meaningful outcome in cardiovascular research, patient management and quality assessment.
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The KCCQ is a standardized, 23-item, participant-administered instrument that quantifies heart failure-related symptoms, physical function, quality of life, and social function, with independently established validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, and interpretability.
“The KCCQ is a standardized, 23-item, participant-administered instrument that quantifies heart failurerelated symptoms (frequency, severity, and recent changes), physical function, quality of life, and social function. 16-18 For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness, and interpretability have been independently established. 16-18”
From Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNYHA functional class in HF is highly associated with QOL.
“The most common functional classification in HF is the New York Heart Association functional class, which is highly associated with QOL.116”
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- Authors
- Green, C. P., Porter, C. B., Bresnahan, D. R., & Spertus, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
- Saint Luke's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spertus, John A.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1245-1255
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044591445
- Cited by
- 1,827
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 111 · 2025: 135 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, congestive heart failure, health status measurement, quality of life, acute decompensated heart failure, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, SF-36, convergent validity, responsiveness, physical limitations, clinical symptoms, self-efficacy, social interference
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Female, Health Status, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Geriatric Assessment, Single-Blind Method, Disease Progression, Self Efficacy
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