The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,601–2,700 of 3,736
Ciprandi, D., Bertozzi, F., Zago, M., Sforza, C., & Galvani, C. (2018) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-018-0428-3 · Cited by 2
“V̇O2peak test fulfilled at least two of the three following criteria: for adults a plateau in oxygen uptake, or failure to increase oxygen uptake by 150 mL/min between the final two workloads, achievement of ± 5 bpm of age predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) [27] and a respiratory exchange ratio > 1.1 for the last mi…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChun, S.-W., & Shin, S.-K. (2018) · 한국체육학회지 · doi:10.23949/kjpe.2018.05.57.3.23 · Cited by 2
The relationship between heart rate and VO2 in moderate-to-severe asthmatics
Mendes, F. A. R., Teixeira, R. N., Martins, M. A., Cukier, A., Stelmach, R., Medeiros, W. M., & Carvalho, C. R. F. (2019) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1606235 · Cited by 2
“2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC respectively) than when the %VO2peak and %HRmax are used (12, 13).”
MethodResultInfluentialBelastung und Beanspruchung im sportlichen Training
Zinner, C., & Sperlich, B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53386-4_43-1 · Cited by 2
Dimkpa, U., Chidi, E. C., Unaeze, B. C., et al. (2020) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.3920/cep190059 · Cited by 2
Kröpfl, J. M., Kammerer, T., Faihs, V., Gruber, H., Stutz, J., Rehm, M., Stelzer, I., Schäfer, S. T., & Spengler, C. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01632 · Cited by 2
Silvers, W. M., Newby, T. A., & Parker, J. K. (2018) · Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness · doi:10.56980/jkw.v7i1.7 · Cited by 2
“One of the more widely used HRmax prediction equations [HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age)] that emerged from these efforts was proposed by Tanaka et al. (2001), however, it too has been shown to have large variability.”
MethodInfluentialMontemezzo, D., Pereira, D. A. G., Ribeiro-Samora, G. A., et al. (2020) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/19003227012020 · Cited by 2
Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Body Composition Measurements
Tyo, B. M., & Nicks, C. R. (2020) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2020.1752694 · Cited by 2
“Resting heart rate was measured in a seated position prior to exercise and maximal heart rate was predicted using the equation from Tanaka et al. (Tanaka et al., 2001) which is 208- (0.7 * age).”
MethodInfluentialBranca, J. J. V., Gulisano, M., Marella, M., & Mascherini, G. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12104213 · Cited by 2
“Before starting the test, the heart rate corresponding to 75% of the predicted maximum was checked for each subject [10].”
MethodBassett, S. M., Jordan, J. L., & Weeks, D. L. (2020) · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal · doi:10.1097/cpt.0000000000000147 · Cited by 2
“In our total sample, 89% of participants achieved a HR that would result in an aerobic training effect.(28) This included 85% in the pulmonary group, 92% in the cardiac group, and 100% in the other group.”
BackgroundA case of isolated sinus bradycardia as an unusual presentation of adrenal insufficiency
Reyes, J. V. M., Majeed, H., Song, D. D., Ahmad, S., Bray, A., Almas, T., Alshamlan, A., & Lieber, J. J. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102727 · Cited by 2
“The patient’s symptoms were not related to exercise, therefore it was unlikely to be chronotropic incompetence [7].”
BackgroundGeriatric assessment for the older adult with cancer
Hurria, A., & Cohen, H. J. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511763182.001 · Cited by 2
Samani, O. S., Scherr, J., Kayvanpour, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010005 · Cited by 2
Ventilatory Thresholds Estimation Based on ECG-derived Respiratory Rate
García, D., Kontaxis, S., Hernández‐Vicente, A., Hernando, D., Milagro, J., Pueyo, E., Garatachea, N., Bailón, R., & Lázaro, J. M. (2021) · Computing in cardiology · doi:10.23919/cinc53138.2021.9662701 · Cited by 2
“However, same results were obtained when predicting the maximum HR from the age of the subject [12], overcoming this limitation.”
Resultde Jesus, Í. C., Alle, L. F., Munhoz, E. C., et al. (2018) · Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) · doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.09.031 · Cited by 2
Development of a new work-rest scheduling model based on inventory control theory
Ning, X. (2011) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-1880 · Cited by 2
Gonçalves, I. O. (2008) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 2
Exploring the potential relationship between mindfulness and ratings of perceived exertion.
Hanneman, S. (2013) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/2276 · Cited by 3
Tzvetkov, S., Peter, B., & Daniela, D. (2008) · Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport · Cited by 2
Sensor-Based Prediction of Physical Activity and its Impacts Using Machine Learning
Chowdhury, A. K. (2018) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.118664 · Cited by 2
Physiological analysis of the 100 km indoor rowing World Record
Penichet-Tomás, A., Jiménez-Olmedo, J. M., Pueo, B., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2018.03227 · Cited by 2
“The maximum heart rate was estimated using the formula proposed by Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001).”
MethodCabrales, D. D., Cuartero, J. R. M., Enriquez, L. A. C., et al. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.13082 · Cited by 2
“maximum heart rate value is computed from the difference between 220 and the age of the person (Fox and Haskell, 1970; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Effects Of Exercise Intensity And Type On Executive Function In Elementary-Aged Children
Pommier, P. (2021) · ISU Red - Research and eData (Illinois State University) · doi:10.30707/etd2021.20210719070603182144.40 · Cited by 2
“Intensity levels were determined based on percentages (MLI = 60–75%; VLI = 76–90%) of subjects’ age-predicted maximal heart rates (APMHR) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodExercise Interventions to Reduce Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Howe, A. S., & Jarvis, C. G. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76606-5_5 · Cited by 2
“A meta-analysis in 2001 developed one well accepted modification to this calculation, although this equation still had a variance of 7 to 11 beats/min [34]:”
MethodUNGGUL DALAM KEOLAHRAGAAN DAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI SELAMA MASA PANDEMIPreprint
Wijayanto, A. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/8whg9 · Cited by 2
Silva, M., Baptista, L. C. P., Neves, R. S., de França, E., Loureiro, H., Rezende, M., Ferreira, V. D. S., Veríssimo, M. T., & Martins, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2019.01089 · Cited by 2
“…dizziness or near syncope), signs of poor perfusion (cyanosis or pallor), difficulty in monitoring the electrocardiogram, individual interruption, sustained ventricular tachycardia, and when HR exceeded 85% of HR max predicted according to the formula HR max = 208 - 0.7 x age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialTwomey, R., Lavigne, C., Martin, T., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31236/osf.io/db7uy · Cited by 2
Mind over body: Interfering with the inner voice is detrimental to endurance performancePreprint
Nedergaard, J., Christensen, M. S., & Wallentin, M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bfj9w · Cited by 2
Akiyama, H., Watanabe, D., & Miyachi, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2547079/v1 · Cited by 2
Eronen, T., Lipponen, J. A., Hyrylä, V. V., Kupari, S., Mursu, J., Venojärvi, M., Tikkanen, H. O., & Tarvainen, M. P. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.14.24311967 · Cited by 2
“Maximal effort was achieved if the participant reached over 95% of predicted HRmax, an over 1.1 respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was observed at peak exercise, or a plateau in oxygen uptake was observed .”
MethodInfluentialLevine, J. T., Yu, X. S., Munoz, R., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.25328035 · Cited by 2
Bioenergetical and Cardiac Adaptations of Pilots to a 24-Hour Team Kart Race
Durand, S., Ripamonti, M., Rahmani, A., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000630 · Cited by 1
“(18) and mean driving bout intensity was expressed as HRmax percent (% HRmax).”
BackgroundO nível de condicionamento físico interfere nas respostas psicofisiológicas?
Ferreira, F. G., & Marins, J. C. B. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte · doi:10.1016/j.rbce.2018.05.007 · Cited by 1
Relationship of Heart Rate, Perceived Exertion, and Intra-Abdominal Pressure in Women
Wolpern, A. E., de Gennaro, J. D., Brusseau, T. A., Byun, W., Egger, M. J., Hitchcock, R. W., Nygaard, I., Sheng, X., & Shaw, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-9.3.97 · Cited by 1
“7 * age), for use in healthy men and women (30).”
BackgroundOyanagi, H., Usui, N., Tsubaki, A., Ando, S., Saithoh, M., Kojima, S., Inatsu, A., Hisadome, H., Ota, S., & Uehata, A. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05002-5 · Cited by 1
“The distribution of HR reserve and HRAT/ HRpeak in this population was evaluated using a histogram, and the relationship between traditional age-predicted maximal HR [220–age] (Tanaka et al. 2001) and measured HRpeak (from CPET) was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation analysis.”
MethodTsiouris, Κ. Μ., Tsakanikas, V., Gatsios, D. A., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871660 · Cited by 1
“Following the mean age of this study population, max HR values of about 150-160 bpm were expected [12], hence the upper and lower thresholds for the filter to remove artifacts and outliers were set as:”
A Model for Predicting Construction Worker Fatigue
Senouci, A. B., Garimella, S. A., Kim, K., & Eldin, N. N. (2022) · Journal of Smart Buildings and Construction Technology · doi:10.30564/jsbct.v4i2.4628 · Cited by 1
Functional exercise capacity in maximal and submaximal activities of individuals with polio sequelae
de Lira, C. A. B., Minozzo, F. C., Costa, T. G., de Oliveira, V. N., Costa, G. D. C. T., Oliveira, A. S. B., Quadros, A. A. J., Vancini, R. L., Sousa, B. S., da Silva, A. C., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05095-y · Cited by 1
Abdelaal, A. A. M. (2023) · Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery · doi:10.1089/photob.2022.0116 · Cited by 1
KUSUAYİ, G., NDUAKULU, C. B., Tshiyamba, S. N., et al. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Kinesiology · doi:10.31459/turkjkin.1240330 · Cited by 1
Prediction equation of peak oxygen uptake for the modified shuttle test in healthy adolescents
Costa, T. E. D., Leite, H. R., Soares, B. A., Lanza, F. C., Mendonça, V. A., Lacerda, A. C. R., Neves, C. D. C., & Oliveira, M. X. (2023) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/e22012423en · Cited by 1
The efficacy of a verification stage for determining V ˙ O2max and the impact of sampling intervals
Kontos, E. J., Luden, N. D., Kurti, S. P., et al. (2023) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2023.04.001 · Cited by 1
Effects of 12 minutes aerobic exercise on creativity
Zhao, Y., Qin, C., & Liu, D. (2023) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.647 · Cited by 1
Eastman, A. Q., Sloop, O., Gokhale, R., & Ferguson-Stegall, L. M. (2023) · Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness · doi:10.56980/jkw.v12i1.116 · Cited by 1
A cluster of inappropriate shocks in a pediatric S-ICD patient - how to troubleshoot?
Menexi, C., ElRefai, M., Farwell, D. J., et al. (2023) · Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ipej.2023.12.006 · Cited by 1
“One equation that is commonly used to predict the maximum heart is the “ 208 - (0.7 × age) ” equation proposed by Tanaka et al., which was developed in a meta-analysis study, after collecting data from the literature on 18,712 subjects [5].”
MethodInfluentialCanlı, U., & Prieto-González, P. (2023) · Human Movement · doi:10.5114/hm.2023.133923 · Cited by 1
Lower-body muscular power predicts performance on urban combat simulation
Sankari, M., Vaara, J. P., Pihlainen, K., et al. (2024) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-230239 · Cited by 1
Shiozawa, K., Saito, M., Lee, J. B., Seo, N., Kondo, H., Kashima, H., Endo, M. Y., Ishida, K., Millar, P. J., & Katayama, K. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00012.2024 · Cited by 1
Outpatient management of Post-COVID syndrome – single center experience
Torres, F., Shedd, C. M., Kaza, V., Bollineni, S., Banga, A., Mohanka, M. R., Ladikos, N., Wijesinha, M. A., Mahan, L. D., LAWRENCE, A. C., et al. (2024) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.05.004 · Cited by 1
Heart Rate Responses of Post-Menopausal Women to Zumba Gold® Classes
Delextrat, A. A., Shaw, C. D., & Solera-Sanchez, A. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13070462 · Cited by 1
“HR values were expressed as absolute (beat min − 1 ) and relative (% of maximal HR (HR max )), according to the Tanaka equation [19].”
MethodAbdelaal, A. A. M., Albatati, R. S., Yamani, D. M., Ali, R. A. A., Salem, G. A., Mahboob, L. H., Alotaibi, D. T., & Alqurashi, M. F. (2024) · Physiotherapy Quarterly · doi:10.5114/pq/161781 · Cited by 2
“The maximum heart rate (HRmax) was determined according to the previously published procedure by Kahkha et al. [12] and using the following formula: HRmax = [208 – (age · 0.7)] [13] (Table 1).”
MethodInfluentialGravesteijn, A. S., Ouwerkerk, M., Eijssen, I. C. J. M., Beckerman, H., & de Groot, V. (2024) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/jrm.v56.40838 · Cited by 1
“This might have underestimated the HRmax, and to a lesser extent also underestimated physiological strain measured as %HRR, especially in the older study population (43).”
BackgroundTadiotto, M. C., Corazza, P. R. P., de Menezes-Junior, F. J., Tozo, T. A. A., Lopes, M. D. F. A., Pizzi, J., da Silva, L. R., Lopes, W. A., & Leite, N. (2024) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-024-05761-7 · Cited by 1
“The test was terminated when at least two of the following criteria were observed: (a) exhaustion or inability to maintain the required speed, (b) respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.1, (c) achieve the HR max predicted [29].”
InfluentialEdwards, T., Børsheim, E., WEBER, J. L., & Diaz, E. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1358942 · Cited by 1
He, J., Li, Z., Li, R., Ma, X., & Sun, X. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16213618 · Cited by 1
Coenen, J., Strohm, M., & Reinsberger, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74474-6 · Cited by 1
“To obtain the athletes’ individual moderate intensity threshold, 70% of the maximum HR determined by the equation: 0.7*(208 – (0.7*age)) 39 was calculated.”
MethodInfluentialAnálise do equilíbrio e cognição de idosos submetidos a um Protocolo Fisioterapêutico e Gameterapia
Costa, E. L. C., Thoma, S. F., Gusmão, T. M. E., et al. (2024) · Fisioterapia Brasil · doi:10.62827/fb.v25i5.1032 · Cited by 1
Getting oxygen from lung to tissues
Dillon, G. A., & Joyner, M. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21877-4.00004-8 · Cited by 1
Oursler, K. K., Briggs, B. C., Lozano, A. J., et al. (2024) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100369 · Cited by 1
Use of Visual and Auditory Biofeedback in Cycling Training for Aerobic Fitness
Olmo-Fajardo, T., Sanz-Morère, C. B., Kantan, P. R., et al. (2024) · Biosystems & biorobotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77584-0_48 · Cited by 1
Shetty, A., Narasimhamurthy, S. S., Nataraj, K. S., Prabhu, S. M., Jagadeesh, N., Katre, K., Kumar, S., Kapoor, N., Prabhu, S. H., & Gulati, S. (2025) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1257_24 · Cited by 1
A case report of the female world record holder from 1,500 m to the marathon in the 75+ age category
Hooren, B. V., Balamouti, Z., & Zanini, M. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00974.2024 · Cited by 1
Hayashi, K., & Tanaka, H. (2024) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/pan.2024.0029 · Cited by 1
“After a 5 min warm-up period, the participant ran at a speed that corresponded to 70–80% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate 24 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationRayner, S. E., Liu, H., Petterson, J. L., et al. (2025) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2024-0365 · Cited by 1
Saki, H., Nazem, F., Alizadehkhaiyat, O., et al. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/20420188251325148 · Cited by 1
Gramling, C. J., Kairamkonda, D. D., Marshall, J. L., Morris, C. A., Marlowe, J. L., Meyer, B. M., DePetrillo, P. B., Nicolás, J. B., McGinnis, E. W., Rizzo, D. M., et al. (2025) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000545617 · Cited by 1
“Reported heart rates were normalized by age-adjusted maximum heart rate prior to analysis [15].”
Cytokine response to resistance exercise in children with excess adiposity and Prader‐Willi syndrome
Vuong, V., Haqq, A. M., & Rubin, D. A. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70327 · Cited by 1
“…on the resistance exercise scale (Robertson et al., 2005) and had a heart rate of 155 ± 18.1 bpm, which is about 77.3% of their maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001) equating to vigorous exercise according to the American College of Sports Medicine aerobic exercise intensity guidelines (Zuhl,…”
InfluentialGanann, R., Phillips, S. M., Neil‐Sztramko, S., Fisher, K., Alvarez, E., Kuspinar, A., Newbold, K. B., Moore, C., MacNeil, M., Keller, H., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1555222 · Cited by 1
“…heart-rate-based equations: 1 Maximum heart rate (MaxHR): MaxHR will be estimated using a formula appropriate for older adults [207-(0.7xAge)] (35, 36), and samples will be classified as light, moderate or vigorous based on the following %MaxHR: very light/light (<64%), moderate (64–76%),…”
How Do Sex and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Impact Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity?
Ehnes, C. M., Collins, S. É., Brotto, A. R., Fleming, E. C. M., Fuhr, D. P., van Diepen, S., & Stickland, M. K. (2025) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003746 · Cited by 1
Testing an adjustable prosthetic socket in a simulated military environment
Mertens, J. C., Price, C. A., Baumann, M. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering · doi:10.1177/20556683251341473 · Cited by 1
“The assessment ended at the conclusion of the current ambush if maximum heart rate (220 – participant age) (beats/min) 31,32 was exceeded, NPRS increased by three or more points, or NPRS reached a value of six or higher.”
Fukuzawa, K., Mori, K., Hashimoto, K., et al. (2025) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.003 · Cited by 1
“The maximum HR and 80% HRR were calculated with the following equations: Maximum HR ¼ 208 e Age (cid:4) 0.7 [19].”
InfluentialRandfield, E., & Phillips, S. (2025) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2025.2496269 · Cited by 2
“Maximum HR was estimated using the equation of Tanaka et al. (2001), which has been shown to differ by only a small amount (1.5, 95% CI −2.9 to 5.9 beats.min-1 ) from the measured maximum HR in males and females aged 14–67 years (Kumar, 2023).”
InfluentialTarumi, T., Won, J., Tomoto, T., Scheel, N., Zhu, D. C., Ashley, J., Rodrigue, K. M., Kennedy, K. M., Park, D. C., & Zhang, R. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01709-3 · Cited by 1
Georgievska, M., Odhiambo, S. A., Copot, C., Malengier, B., Langenhove, L. V., & Wullens, H. (2025) · Journal of Industrial Textiles · doi:10.1177/15280837251349943 · Cited by 1
O’Neill, J. E. R., Joyce, R., Loughlin, N. M., Robinson, J. M., Phillips, C. M., O’Connell, B., & Horner, K. M. (2025) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.70011 · Cited by 1
“Age predicted maximum heart rate was calculated for each participant with the Tanaka et al. equation (HR max = 208–0.7 � age ( y )) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialExergaming Versus On-Court Tennis: Comparing Enjoyment, Exertion, and Energy Expenditure in Training
Ngo, J. S., Hoe, S.-Z., & Rosly, M. M. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3588890 · Cited by 1
“The HRmax was measured using the formula (2) by Shar-gal et al. and Tanaka et al. [16], [17]: 2) MEASURING RPE RPE was assessed using a modified Borg scale (a category-ratio scale of 1 to 10) after each set [18], [19], [20].”
Stam, D., Watkins, M. K., Galyen, B., Olson, M., & Vomhof, K. (2025) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1177/2161783x251361941 · Cited by 1
Rodrigues, T. D. M., Costa, R. B. L., Gama, M. C. T., et al. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01518-3 · Cited by 1
“The tread-mill intensity for the GW protocol was determined based on the training heart rate calculated using the Karvonen formula [30] and the Tanaka et al. formula [31].”
Wu, Y., Fan, Z., Wang, Z., et al. (2025) · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.52082/jssm.2025.696 · Cited by 1
“The maximum heart rate was estimated using the commonly applied formula HRmax = 208 - 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialHendler, M., Ziółkowski, A., Sozański, T., Czosnyka, M., & Kasprowicz, M. (2025) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ae008d · Cited by 1
“This range corresponds to the heart rate (HR) between 40 and 180 beats per minute, which is considered to be the range from the lower bound on HR in the resting state to the maximum HR in adults (Tanaka et al 2001, Persson et al 2024).”
Cheung, L., Buren, R., Benn, N., Alton, C., Craven, B. C., Marzolini, S., & Musselman, K. E. (2025) · Spinal Cord Series and Cases · doi:10.1038/s41394-025-00721-1 · Cited by 2
Jukema, B. N., van Voorbergen, S., Janssen, S. L. J. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1093/jleuko/qiaf137 · Cited by 1
Predicting Future Performance in Powerlifting: A Machine Learning Approach
Ferrari, L., Bochicchio, G., Bottari, A., Lucertini, F., & Pogliaghi, S. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00903-z · Cited by 1
Lee, D., Huang, C., Chen, C. H., Chiang, C., Cheng, H., & Sung, S. (2025) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaf184 · Cited by 1
Gossett, E. W., Piscopo, C., Hughes, J. M., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/10711813251371653 · Cited by 1
“…where the resistance of the cycle ergometer was adjusted until participants maintained a heart rate roughly 50% of their maximum heart rate (max HR; Tanaka et al., 2001) while pedaling at 70 rpm. Participants sat in a traditional office chair positioned behind a portable cycle ergometer (Desk…”
Chen, X., Su, K., Chen, C., Yang, Y., Chen, X., Liu, S., Yi, J., Zhuang, J., Yang, H., & He, F. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.043830 · Cited by 2
“The work rate at the estimated maximal heart rate was estimated by extrapolating the preexercise heart rate (ie, at a work rate of 0 W) and heart and work rates at the end of the test to the age-predicted estimated maximal heart rate (208–0.7 × age), 38 assuming a linear relation.”
InfluentialCardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, and the Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease
Liu, M., Gao, M., Wang, Y., Wu, M., Li, Y., Cui, Y., Zeng, F., & Zhu, Z. (2025) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2025.07.034 · Cited by 1
Rebelo, A., Comfort, P., Harry, J. R., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005247 · Cited by 1
Ihász, F., Vincze, O., Soós, I., et al. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13110384 · Cited by 1
He, Y., Jan, Y.-H., Yang, F., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-22970-8 · Cited by 1
Cossu, L., Rossetti, P., Martín, R. A. S., Ampudia‐Blasco, F. J., Díez, J.-L., Facchinetti, A., & Bondía, J. (2025) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/15209156251395037 · Cited by 1
Dhaouadi, Y., Khalıfa, R., & Muscella, A. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12121591 · Cited by 1
“Maximum heart rate (%HRmax) was estimated using the Tanaka formula (208 − 0.7 × age) [36].”
InfluentialOba, T., Moriishi, C., Takano, K., Katahira, K., & Kimura, K. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/79360 · Cited by 1
“The maximum HR was estimated using the Tanaka equation (208–participants’ age in years ×0.7) [46], in which the resting HR was the average defined by the Fitbit over the study period.”
InfluentialPark, S. H., Englund, E. K., Fujiwara, T., Enge, D., Schäfer, M., Saucedo, J. G., Clark, E. W., Abushamat, L. A., Scalzo, R. L., Fonseca, B., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02999-9 · Cited by 1
“VO 2 peak was confirmed by a respiratory exchange ratio greater than 1.1 and achieving a heart rate greater than or equal to 85% of age-predicted max [21].”
InfluentialNguyen, A. P., Kisita, V., CANT, J. V., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005293 · Cited by 1
Santos‐de‐Araújo, A. D., Dibai, D. B., Júnior, N. F. S., Garcia, B. R. D. O., Marinho, R. S., Ricci, P. A., Phillips, S. A., & Borghi‐Silva, A. (2025) · BioMedical Engineering OnLine · doi:10.1186/s12938-025-01499-x · Cited by 1
“Maximum heart rate (HRmax) was calculated using the formula: HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age) [57].”
InfluentialCourish, M. K., Wickens, A. V., Mekary, S., O'Brien, M. W., & Kimmerly, D. S. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-02061-2 · Cited by 1
“…absence of a plateau, a V ̇ O 2 peak was ascribed if at least 2 of the following criteria were achieved: 1) a peak rating of perceived exertion score ≥ 18 on the Borg 6–20 scale [29], 2) a peak HR ≥ 95% of age-predicted (208 – (0.7 × age)) [30], and/or 3) a peak respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.15.”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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