The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I.-M., Nieman, D. C., & Swain, D. P. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb · Cited by 9,319
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“72×age) have been proposed.(6,192) Whereas β-blockers might be considered an important confounder in prognostic assessment of chronotropic competence, useful predictive value in patients taking β-blockers was found for a partition of ≤62% of agepredicted maximal HR reserve.”
BackgroundPieske, B. M., Tschöpe, C., de Boer, R. A., Fraser, A. G., Anker, S. D., Donal, E., Edelmann, F., Fu, M. L. X., Guazzi, M., Lam, C. S. P., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz641 · Cited by 1,961
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“The highest VO2 value obtained in any 10-s period was taken as V̇O2max; it was considered to be achieved by the following endpoint criteria: 1) a heart rate at maximal exercise higher than 90% of the predicted heart rate maximal for the subject’s age (26), 2) a maximal respiratory exchange ratio 1.”
MethodFihn, S. D., Gardin, J. M., Abrams, J., Berra, K., Blankenship, J. C., Dallas, A. P., Douglas, P. S., Foody, J. M., Gerber, T. C., Hinderliter, A. L., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318277d6a0 · Cited by 845
Joyner, M. J., & Casey, D. P. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2013 · Cited by 833
Reliability and validity of the combined heart rate and movement sensor Actiheart
Brage, S., Brage, N., Franks, P. W., Ekelund, U., & Wareham, N. J. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602118 · Cited by 690
“If age-predicted MHR or predicted maximal VO2 values were surpassed during exercise, observed values were used.”
MethodInfluentialLongitudinal Modeling of the Relationship between Age and Maximal Heart Rate
GELLISH, R. L., GOSLIN, B. R., OLSON, R. E., McDONALD, A., RUSSI, G. D., & MOUDGIL, V. K. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/mss.0b013e31803349c6 · Cited by 660
“Most studies also have found no evidence to suggest that exercise may blunt the age-related loss in HRmax (8,15,31,33,36,37).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBrubaker, P. H., & Kitzman, D. W. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.940577 · Cited by 643
Kusumoto, F. M., Schoenfeld, M. H., Barrett, C., Edgerton, J. R., Ellenbogen, K. A., Gold, M. R., Goldschlager, N. F., Hamilton, R. M., Joglar, J. A., Kim, R. J., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000628 · Cited by 603
Weiner, D. A., Ryan, T. J., McCabe, C. H., Kennedy, J. W., Schloss, M. G., Tristani, F. E., CHAITMAN, B. R., & Fisher, L. D. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197908023010502 · Cited by 604
Tanaka, H., & Seals, D. R. (2007) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879 · Cited by 584
“Starting from early adulthood, maximal heart rate declines with age at a rate of ∼0.7 beats min−1 year−1 in healthy sedentary, recreationally active and endurance exercise-trained adults (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020) · Managing Sport and Leisure · doi:10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494 · Cited by 548
“HRmax can be estimated as 220 minus age (Fox et al., 1971) or 208 minus 0.7 multiplied by age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmall and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages
Milani-Nejad, N., & Janssen, P. M. L. (2014) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007 · Cited by 484
Carnethon, M. R. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.23.2981 · Cited by 417
Pieske, B. M., Tschöpe, C., de Boer, R. A., Fraser, A. G., Anker, S. D., Donal, E., Edelmann, F., Fu, M. L. X., Guazzi, M., Lam, C. S. P., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.1741 · Cited by 410
Stamatakis, E., Ahmadi, M. N., Gill, J. M. R., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Gibala, M. J., Doherty, A., & Hamer, M. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02100-x · Cited by 336
“VO 2 max was calculated using the Ebbeling treadmill test and HRmax was calculated using the Tanaka equation 47 .”
Bhutani, S., Klempel, M. C., Kroeger, C. M., Trepanowski, J. F., & Varady, K. A. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20353 · Cited by 349
“7 age)] (12) and a Polar Heart Rate Monitor (Polar USA, Inc, NY).”
BackgroundSchaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22176536 · Cited by 349
“The following criteria served for the assumption of exhaustion: (A) heart rate >90% of the maximum predicted heart rate (prediction model according to [20]: 208 − (0.”
BackgroundHickey, B. A., Chalmers, T., Newton, P. J., Lin, C., Sibbritt, D. W., McLachlan, C. S., Clifton-Bligh, R. J., Morley, J. W., & Lal, S. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21103461 · Cited by 370
“Further, it is known that maximum HR decreases linearly with age [50], with sleep and stress levels fluctuating majorly throughout life, which further supports this relationship.”
BackgroundHerbert, C., Meixner, F., Wiebking, C., & Gilg, V. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00509 · Cited by 403
Age‐predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: The HUNT F itness S tudy
Nes, B. M., Janszky, I., Wisløff, U., Støylen, A., & Karlsen, T. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01445.x · Cited by 315
“The findings in the present study are in close accordance with a study by Tanaka et al. which reported the association between HRmax and age to be 208 - 0.7·age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBrage, S., Ekelund, U., Brage, N., Hennings, M. A., Froberg, K., Franks, P. W., & Wareham, N. J. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2006 · Cited by 303
“0, or if HR exceeded 90% of the agepredicted maximal HR (56).”
BackgroundHellhammer, J., & Schubert, M. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.012 · Cited by 304
Beltz, N. M., Gibson, A. L., Janot, J. M., Kravitz, L. R., Mermier, C. M., & Dalleck, L. C. (2016) · Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1155/2016/3968393 · Cited by 355
Davidson, L. E., Hudson, R., Kilpatrick, K., Kuk, J. L., McMillan, K., Janiszewski, P. M., Lee, S., Lam, M., & Ross, R. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.558 · Cited by 297
“Cardiorespiratory fitness (measured as oxygen consumption per unit of time [peak V̇O2]) was determined using results of a maximal treadmill test combined with standard open-circuit spirometry techniques (SensorMedics Corp, Yorba Linda, California) at baseline.(23)”
MethodAutonomic Adjustments to Exercise in Humans
Fisher, J. P., Young, C. N., & Fadel, P. J. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140022 · Cited by 354
“Maximal HR is often estimated as (93), but may underestimate maximal HR in older individuals and on the basis of extensive meta-analyses and laboratory-based investigations alternative regression equations have been derived (e.g., Tanaka equation; 208 × 0.7— (270,333).”
InfluentialExercise Prescription for the Elderly
Mazzeo, R. S., & Tanaka, H. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131110-00003 · Cited by 303
“[33]”
BackgroundSelf-citationPhysical inactivity: a risk factor and target for intervention in renal care
Zelle, D. M., Klaassen, G., van Adrichem, E. J., Bakker, S. J. L., Corpeleijn, E., & Navis, G. J. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.187 · Cited by 295
Zhang, Q., Zhou, D., & Zeng, X. (2017) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2017.2707460 · Cited by 290
(2002) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 282
Kudielka, B. M., Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Hellhammer, D. H., & Kirschbaum, C. (2004) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1102_8 · Cited by 271
Aguiar, A. S., de Castro, A. A., Moreira, E. L. G., Glaser, V., Santos, A. R. S., Tasca, C. I., Latini, A., & Prediger, R. D. (2011) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2011.09.005 · Cited by 272
Raichlen, D. A., Foster, A. D., Gerdeman, G. L., Seillier, A., & Giuffrida, A. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.063677 · Cited by 269
“Heart rate for running speed averaged 72.5±2.54% (mean ± s.d.) of maximum heart rate and walking speed corresponded to a mean (±s.d.) of 44.6±1.25% of maximum heart rate [where maximum heart rate was calculated using the age-based equation from Tanaka et al. (Tanaka et al., 2001)].”
MethodInfluentialAging of the Respiratory System: Impact on Pulmonary Function Tests and Adaptation to Exertion
Janssens, J.-P. (2005) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2005.05.004 · Cited by 263
“90 versus age), which gives slightly higher values than the commonly used predictive equation, maximal HR= 220 age [117].”
BackgroundMethodAn introduction into autonomic nervous function
Karemaker, J. M. (2017) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/aa6782 · Cited by 295
Kelly, J. O., Kilbreath, S. L., Davis, G. M., Zeman, B. D., & Raymond, J. (2003) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00376-9 · Cited by 260
Metabolic equivalent of task (METs) thresholds as an indicator of physical activity intensity
Mendes, M. D. A., Crochemore‐Silva, I., Ramires, V. V., Reichert, F. F., Martins, R. C., Ferreira, R., & Tomasi, E. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200701 · Cited by 281
Lucotti, P., Setola, E., Monti, L. D., Galluccio, E., Costa, S., Sandoli, E. P., Fermo, I., Rabaiotti, G., Gatti, R., & Piatti, P. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00002.2006 · Cited by 249
“of a 6-min ergometric walking test at 85% of age-predicted HRmax (18, 32).”
MethodYates, T. E., Zaccardi, F., Dhalwani, N. N., Davies, M. J., Bakrania, K., Celis-Morales, C. A., Gill, J. M. R., Franks, P. W., & Khunti, K. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx449 · Cited by 243
Munukka, E., Ahtiainen, J. P., Puigbó, P., Jalkanen, S., Pahkala, K., Keskitalo, A., Kujala, U. M., Pietilä, S., Hollmén, M., Elo, L., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02323 · Cited by 237
“The intensity of 30W was used at the beginning of the test, and was increased by 20W every second minute until 85% of subject’s age-predicted heart rate maximum (HRmax) (Tanaka et al., 2001) was reached.”
MethodHill, A. M., Buckley, J. D., Murphy, K. J., & Howe, P. R. C. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1267 · Cited by 244
“Histamine (2-[4-imidazolyl]ethylamine) was discovered in 1910 by Dale and Laidlaw (20), and it was identified as a mediator of anaphylactic reactions in 1932 (21).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialJohansson, H., Norlander, K., Berglund, L., Janson, C., Malinovschi, A., Nordvall, L., Nordang, L., & Emtner, M. (2014) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205738 · Cited by 233
Heart Rate Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Women
Gulati, M., Shaw, L. J., Thisted, R. A., Black, H. R., Merz, C. N. B., & Arnsdorf, M. F. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.939249 · Cited by 234
72-h Kinetics of High-Sensitive Troponin T and Inflammatory Markers after Marathon
Scherr, J., Braun, S., Schuster, T., HARTMANN, C., MOEHLENKAMP, S., Wolfarth, B., Preßler, A., & Halle, M. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821b12eb · Cited by 229
Estimation of V?O2max from the ratio between HRmax and HRrest ? the Heart Rate Ratio Method
Uth, N., S�rensen, H., Overgaard, K., & Pedersen, P. K. (2003) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0988-y · Cited by 231
“Ageing is associated with decrements in both _ V O2max and HRmax (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExergaming immediately enhances children's executive function.
Best, J. R. (2011) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026648 · Cited by 247
Automated stress detection using keystroke and linguistic features: An exploratory study
Vizer, L. M., Zhou, L., & Sears, A. (2009) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.07.005 · Cited by 233
“Each participant’s target heart rate was determined based on his or her age using the guidelines from Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodAssessment of Physical Fitness Aspects and Their Relationship to Firefighters' Job Abilities
Michaelides, M. A., Parpa, K., Henry, L. J., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cc23ea · Cited by 221
“(29) demonstrated that Hr was strongly inversely related to age (r = 20.”
BackgroundWeiss, E. P., Racette, S. B., Villareal, D. T., Fontana, L., Steger-May, K., Schechtman, K. B., Klein, S., Ehsani, A. A., Holloszy, J. O., & Washington University School of Medicine CALERIE Group (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00853.2006 · Cited by 218
“7 age (19)], and 3) V̇O2 increase was 150 ml/min between the last two stages of the test.”
BackgroundHa, T., Tran, J., Liu, S., Jang, H., Jeong, H., Mitbander, R., Huh, H., Qiu, Y., Duong, J., Wang, R. L., et al. (2019) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201900290 · Cited by 220
Celis-Morales, C. A., Lyall, D. M., Anderson, J. J., Iliodromiti, S., Fan, Y., Ntuk, U. E., Mackay, D., Pell, J. P., Sattar, N. A., & Gill, J. M. R. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw249 · Cited by 224
Weiler, J. M., Anderson, S. D., RANDOLPH, C. C., Bonini, S., Craig, T., Pearlman, D. S., Rundell, K. W., Silvers, W. S., Storms, W. W., Bernstein, D. I., et al. (2010) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2010.09.021 · Cited by 224
Aerobic Capacity Reference Data in 3816 Healthy Men and Women 20–90 Years
Loe, H., Rognmo, Ø., Saltin, B., & Wisløff, U. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064319 · Cited by 216
“gradient is approximately half that compared to using the 220 beats?min(21) minus age equation, which is consistent with former research [10,42,43].”
ResultPhan, T. T., Shivu, G. N., Abozguia, K., Davies, C., Nassimizadeh, M., Jimenez, D., Weaver, R., Ahmed, I., & Frenneaux, M. P. (2009) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.109.877720 · Cited by 215
Tsukamoto, H., Suga, T., Takenaka, S., Tanaka, D., Takeuchi, T., Hamaoka, T., Isaka, T., & Hashimoto, T. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.021 · Cited by 234
Ukropcova, B., McNeil, M., Sereda, O., de Jonge, L., Xie, H., Bray, G. A., & Smith, S. R. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24332 · Cited by 213
“VO2max was determined by a progressive treadmill test to exhaustion in accordance with the recommendations described by the American College of Sports Medicine (69).”
MethodReal-world heart rate norms in the Health eHeart study
Avram, R., Tison, G. H., Aschbacher, K., Kuhar, P., Vittinghoff, E., Butzner, M., Runge, R., Wu, N., Pletcher, M. J., Marcus, G. M., et al. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0134-9 · Cited by 217
Walking cadence (steps/min) and intensity in 21–40 year olds: CADENCE-adults
Tudor-Locke, C. E., Aguiar, E. J., Han, H., Ducharme, S. W., Schuna, J. M., Barreira, T. V., Moore, C. C., Busa, M. A., Lim, J., Sirard, J. R., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0769-6 · Cited by 220
Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications
Pataky, M. W., Young, W. F., & Nair, K. S. (2021) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.033 · Cited by 207
Bruijns, S. R., Guly, H. R., Bouamra, O., Lecky, F. E., & Lee, W. A. (2013) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e31829246c7 · Cited by 198
“7 times age), although both this and the equation used for this study seem to correlate well between the ages of 30 years and 50 years.(18) To keep equations simple enough for clinical use, it was felt appropriate to use the simpler, more widely used calculation (220 j age).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research
Herold, F., Müller, P., Gronwald, T., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02338 · Cited by 196
“, Karvonen formula to determine a target heart rate) (Karvonen and Vuorimaa, 1988; Tanaka et al., 2001; Gellish et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2010; Nes et al., 2013; Shargal et al., 2015).”
BackgroundUrbanization, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Health in Sub-Saharan Africa
Assah, F. K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Mbanya, J. C., & Wareham, N. J. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0990 · Cited by 206
“During the test, HR was monitored in real time and the test was aborted if HR reached 90% of the age-predictedmaximumHR (16), if the subject could not keep up with the stepping protocol, or if they requested to stop.”
MethodCaloric restriction: powerful protection for the aging heart and vasculature
Weiss, E. P., & Fontana, L. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00685.2011 · Cited by 198
“For example, maximal heart rate decreases very predictably with increasing age (182, 203), yet this change is not a disease itself and is not known to be involved in disease pathogenesis.”
BackgroundRoman, M. A., Rossiter, H. B., & Casaburi, R. H. (2016) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00347-2016 · Cited by 208
“7 beats/minute/year[101]) appears to be less severe than rate of V̇O2max decline, suggesting that decreased sinoatrial node sensitivity to β3adrenergic stimulation in older”
BackgroundThe Acute Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Executive Function: A Meta-Analysis
Moreau, D., & Chou, E. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619850568 · Cited by 209
“In addition, when average age was available, HRmax was estimated using the formula HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × Age) from Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001).”
MethodInfluentialExercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling is modulated by intensity
Raichlen, D. A., Foster, A. D., Seillier, A., Giuffrida, A., & Gerdeman, G. L. (2013) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2495-5 · Cited by 181
“Age-adjusted maximum heart rate (AAMHR) was used to measure exercise intensity and was calculated following Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodHagins, M., Moore, W., & Rundle, A. (2007) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-7-40 · Cited by 179
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update—2016
Weiler, J. M., Brannan, J. D., RANDOLPH, C. C., Hallstrand, T. S., Parsons, J. P., Silvers, W. S., Storms, W. W., Zeiger, J. S., Bernstein, D. I., Blessing-Moore, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.029 · Cited by 189
Comparison of PAEE from Combined and Separate Heart Rate and Movement Models in Children
Corder, K., Brage, S., Wareham, N. J., & Ekelund, U. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000176466.78408.cc · Cited by 170
Carnethon, M. R., Evans, N. S., Church, T. S., Lewis, C. E., Schreiner, P. J., Jacobs, D. R., Sternfeld, B., & Sidney, S. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.147603 · Cited by 168
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Pediatrics
Takken, T., Bongers, B. C., van Brussel, M., Haapala, E. A., & Hulzebos, E. H. J. (2017) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201611-912fr · Cited by 171
“Although maximal heart rate decreases with age in adults (29), the maximal heart rate remains relatively stable, around 195 (bicycle) to 200 beats per min (treadmill) in children and adolescents (30).”
Wristband-type wearable health devices to measure construction workers' physical demands
Hwang, S., & Lee, S. H. (2017) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2017.06.003 · Cited by 169
Validity of Submaximal Step Tests to Estimate Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Adults
Bennett, H., Parfitt, G., Davison, K., & Eston, R. G. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0445-1 · Cited by 166
Ukropcova, B., Sereda, O., de Jonge, L., Bogacka, I., Nguyen, T., Xie, H., Bray, G. A., & Smith, S. R. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0521 · Cited by 165
“Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined by a progressive treadmill test to exhaustion in accordance with the recommendations described by the American College of Sports Medicine (32).”
Backgroundde Mendonça, M. E., Simis, M., Grecco, L. A. C., Battistella, L. R., Baptista, A. F., & Fregni, F. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00068 · Cited by 165
“Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire for all subscales: vitality, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning, and mental health.”
MethodInfluentialMaillard, F., Rousset, S., Pereira, B., Traoré, A. S., Amaze, P. D. P. D., Boirie, Y., Duclos, M., & Boisseau, N. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2016.07.031 · Cited by 175
Screen-Printed PEDOT:PSS Electrodes on Commercial Finished Textiles for Electrocardiography
Sinha, S., Noh, Y., Reljin, N., Treich, G. M., Hajeb-Mohammadalipour, S., Guo, Y., Chon, K. H., & Sotzing, G. A. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b09954 · Cited by 161
Influence of skin type and wavelength on light wave reflectance
Fallow, B. A., Tarumi, T., & Tanaka, H. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-013-9436-7 · Cited by 162
“Indeed heart rate has been a useful and widely used index of physical exertion and intensities of effort during physical activity [10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationExercise as a buffer against difficulties with emotion regulation: A pathway to emotional wellbeing
Bernstein, E. E., & McNally, R. J. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.07.010 · Cited by 186
Nascimento, C. M. C., Pereira, J. R., de Andrade, L. P., Garuffi, M., Pérez, C. A., Kerr, D. S., Talib, L. L., Cominetti, M. R., & Stella, F. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140576 · Cited by 169
“[37] for sedentary men and women.”
Metabolic Factors Limiting Performance in Marathon Runners
Rapoport, B. I. (2010) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960 · Cited by 164
“7 times age in years), which are supported by experiments and by meta-analysis [36].”
ResultEpidemiology of Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders in Older Adults
Chow, G. V., Marine, J. E., & Fleg, J. L. (2012) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2012.07.003 · Cited by 158
The Role of Arousal in Congruity-Based Product Evaluation
Noseworthy, T. J., Muro, F. D., & Murray, K. B. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/678301 · Cited by 160
“Given the age range in the current study, maximal heart rate was computed using the formula 220 – age (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodEvaluating the Prediction of Maximal Heart Rate in Children and Adolescents
Mahon, A. D., Marjerrison, A. D., Lee, J. D., Woodruff, M. E., & Hanna, L. E. (2010) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599707 · Cited by 160
“First, most prediction equations derived from adult participants do not factor in gender (Engels et al., 1998; Gellish et al., 2007; Londeree & Moeschberger, 1982; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBrawner, C. A., Ehrman, J. K., Schairer, J. R., Cao, J. J., & Keteyian, S. J. (2004) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.04.035 · Cited by 158
Pollock, R. D., Carter, S., Velloso, C. P., Duggal, N. A., Lord, J. M., Lazarus, N. R., & Harridge, S. D. R. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282863 · Cited by 167
“7∗age (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
ResultInfluentialThomas, A. G., Dennis, A., Rawlings, N. B., Stagg, C. J., Matthews, L., Morris, M., Kolind, S. H., Foxley, S., Jenkinson, M., Nichols, T. E., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.090 · Cited by 152
“…estimated V ̇ O 2 max was calculated by performing a linear fit between Heart Rate (HR) and V ̇ O 2 scores during the test and projecting the V ̇ O 2 value at the participant’s age-predicted heart rate maximum (208 − 0.7 * Age, Tanaka et al., 2001; American College of Sports Medicine, 2006).”
MethodInfluentialMaintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men
Hashimoto, T., Tsukamoto, H., Takenaka, S., Olesen, N. D., Petersen, L. G., Sørensen, H., Nielsen, H. B., Secher, N. H., & Ogoh, S. (2018) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700381rr · Cited by 156
Endurance performance in masters athletes
Reaburn, P. R. J., & Dascombe, B. J. (2008) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-008-0029-2 · Cited by 166
“[95] used both meta-analysis (351 studies, n=18,712) and laboratory-based maximal treadmill testing (n=514) to establish HRmax in male and female healthy sedentary, active, and endurance-trained (vigorous endurance exercise greater than or equal to three times/ week for over 1 year) individuals.”
BackgroundMethodPhysical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter‐gatherers
Raichlen, D. A., Pontzer, H., Harris, J. A., Mabulla, A. Z. P., Marlowe, F. W., Josh Snodgrass, J., Eick, G., Colette Berbesque, J., Sancilio, A., & Wood, B. M. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22919 · Cited by 151
“Maximum HR is known to decline with age (Tanaka et al., 2001), and this rate of decline, derived from Western populations, shapes the standard age-specific cut-offs for MVPA.”
BackgroundAcute Physical Activity Enhances Executive Functions in Children with ADHD
Benzing, V., Chang, Y., & Schmidt, M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30067-8 · Cited by 165
Kotarsky, C. J., Johnson, N., Mahoney, S. J., Mitchell, S. L., Schimek, R. L., Stastny, S., & Hackney, K. J. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14868 · Cited by 155
“Heart rate maximum was calculated using the Tanaka method (Tanaka et al., 2001), and heart rate reserve (HRR) was used to prescribe aerobic training intensities.”
MethodBrage, S., Westgate, K., Franks, P. W., Stegle, O., Wright, A., Ekelund, U., & Wareham, N. J. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137206 · Cited by 151
“5 minutes or less if 90% of age-predicted maximal HR [25] was reached.”
BackgroundSimonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Visser, M., Goodpaster, B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Rubin, S., Nevitt, M. C., Harris, T. B., & for the Health, A. A. B. C. S. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.8.841 · Cited by 147
“Heart rate was continuously monitored during testing (Polar Pacer, Model 61190; Polar Electro, Oy, Finland) and participants were stopped if: (a) their heart rate exceeded 135 beats per minute, which represents 85%–90% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate for persons aged 70–79 years (22); or (b) they experienced d…”
Running injury and stride time variability over a prolonged run
Meardon, S. A., Hamill, J., & Derrick, T. R. (2010) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.020 · Cited by 147
“7 age [14].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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