The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
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Budde, H., Wegner, M., Ahrens, C., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P. F. M., Machado, S. E. D. C., Gronwald, T., Amatriain‐Fernández, S., Schaffarczyk, M., & Mueller‐Alcazar, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.586687 · Cited by 4
Advice to people with Parkinson's in my clinic: Get a cardiopulmonary exercise test
Griffith, G. J., McKee, K. E., Lamotte, G. J., Luthra, N., & Corcos, D. M. (2025) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1177/1877718x251330814 · Cited by 4
“52 Additionally, there have been no published studies regarding the function of these equations in people with PD.”
A Minimal Model Explains Aging Regimes and Guides Intervention Strategies
Fedichev, P., & Gruber, J. (2025) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.671954 · Cited by 7
The acute effect of heart rate monitor projection on exercise effort in school students
Cunningham-Rose, R., Garrett, N., Lonsdale, C., & Harris, N. (2024) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x241280834 · Cited by 5
“During Condition A, participants ’ individual real-time HR and percentage of age-predicted maximum using the formula 208 – 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001) could be viewed by all participants within a coloured square projected on a large screen in class, identi fi ed by a number known only to the…”
InfluentialXu, Q., Wang, Z., Liu, L., Mao, R., Xi, C., & Shi, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1517102 · Cited by 4
“This formula is widely used in sports science to estimate maximum heart rate when direct measurement (such as via maximal exercise testing) is not feasible, providing a practical and reliable estimate for monitoring training loads (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Porto, A. A., Gonzaga, L. A., Gomes, R. L., Candeloro, B. M., Raimundo, R. D., Vanderlei, L. C. M., & Valenti, V. E. (2025) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2025.05.003 · Cited by 3
Lorek, K., Chalimoniuk, M., Langfort, J., Mączewska, J., Królicki, L., Markowska, K., Budrewicz, S. P., Koszewicz, M. A., Wroński, Z., & Marusiak, J. (2025) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683251360729 · Cited by 3
Lingling, S., Chen, H., Li, X., Jichen, C., Li, C., & Chuhuai, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1581481 · Cited by 4
Cao, L., Dong, X., Qi, K., Zhou, C., & Chen, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1647055 · Cited by 3
Figueira, B., Vincėlovič, A., Batalha, N. M. P., & Paulauskas, R. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01302-3 · Cited by 8
“HRmax was calculated for each participant using the age-predicted equation: HRmax = 208 – (0.7 × age) [21, 29].”
InfluentialAfousi, A. G., Pescatello, L. S., Fard, M. A., et al. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71329 · Cited by 3
“This measurement was determined based on the following criteria: (1) a peak respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.1, (2) achieving 90% of predicted maximum HR using the formula [208 − (0.7 × age)], and (3) observing a plateau in VO 2 despite an increase in workload [23].”
InfluentialA Context-Assisted, Semi-Automated Activity Recall Interface Allowing Uncertainty
Le, H., Potter, V., Choube, A., Lakshminarayanan, R., Mishra, V., & Intille, S. S. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3770710 · Cited by 3
Sampaio, T., Oliveira, J. P., Magalhães, P. M., Bragada, J. A. A., Bartolomeu, R. F., Vasques, C. M. D. S., & Morais, J. E. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk11010022 · Cited by 3
“The HRmax was estimated as: where HR max is the maximal heart rate (in bpm) and age is the chronological age (in years) [36].”
Hassani, M., Renzini, A., Nguyen, L., & Coletti, D. (2026) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2026.14884 · Cited by 2
“67”
The relationships between age and running performance variables in master runners
Lee, E. J., Snyder, E. M., & Lundstrom, C. J. (2019) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-019-00543-3 · Cited by 3
Bilateral asymmetry of pedaling force at different levels of exercise intensity in cycle ergometer
Stefanov, L. G., Ivanov, I., & Aleksieva, D. (2020) · Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports · doi:10.15561/26649837.2020.0507 · Cited by 3
“Prior to the test, the maximum heart rate (HRmax) of each participant was theoretically determined according to the Tanaka formula [19].”
MethodEffect of Aerobic Walking Exercise on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women
El-Bandrawy, A. M., Mahmoud, S. G., AboElinin, M. F., & Yousef, A. M. (2021) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2021-0022 · Cited by 3
The impact of action observation on the intention for action engagement
Abreu, A. M., Monteiro, C. P., & Rando, B. (2022) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2022.2066707 · Cited by 3
“Maximal heart rate was estimated according with Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodWalsh, J. A., McAndrew, D. J., Shemmell, J. B. H., & Stapley, P. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.953517 · Cited by 3
“Age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) was calculated using a previously validated equation (HRmax = 208—(0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialConducting Adult Client Field-Based Assessments Most Anywhere
Gibson, A. L., Smith, J., & Gibson, D. L. (2022) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000804 · Cited by 3
Varela-Sanz, A., Sánchez-Otero, T., Tuimil, J. L., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004463 · Cited by 3
“(37), 5 minutes of calisthenics, 5 sets of 50 m at a progressive velocity, 5 CMJs on the force plate, and 5 minutes of rest.”
BackgroundBaumann, M., Poulsen, M. M., Mortensen, O. S., Olsen, M. H., & Korshøj, M. (2023) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxad009 · Cited by 4
“HR reserve (HRR) was defined as the difference between the estimated 24-hours maximal HR (HRmax), defined by the Tanaka equation (Tanaka et al., 2001) and minimum HR (HRmin), defined as the tenth lowest recorded HR value during bed-time (Brage et al.”
MethodLiu, X., Zhang, D., Lu, J., Shi, B., Ding, L., Huang, Y., Miao, K., & Tang, H. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35748-0_6 · Cited by 3
Ryuzaki, T., Shiraishi, Y., Miura, K., Ikura, H., Seki, Y., Azuma, K., Sato, K., Fukuda, K., & Katsumata, Y. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12165225 · Cited by 4
“# Peak HR reserve was calculated as the observed HR divided by the predicted maximum HR [11].”
MethodSidek, N. N. M., Rosly, M. M., & Razak, N. A. A. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10091489 · Cited by 3
“…each student’s pro fi le had been generated using the Polar Beat App, including information like their age, gender, height, weight, and predicted maximum HR. App, including information like their age, gender, height, weight, The predicted maximum HR was calculated using the Tanaka equation [45].”
MethodFerro, E. F., Cid, F. M., Cubillos-Molina, M., et al. (2023) · Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurologia · doi:10.46997/revecuatneurol32200025 · Cited by 3
Standardized vs. Relative Intensity in CrossFit
Oliver-López, A., García-Valverde, A., & Sabido, R. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-2204-2953 · Cited by 3
“In addition, the heart rate was compared with the theoretical maximum, which was calculated using Tanaka’s equa - tion [28]: 208–0.7*age”
MethodInfluentialNascimento, A. Q., Nagata, L. A. R., Almeida, M. T., Costa, V. L. D. S., de Marin, A. B. R., Tavares, V. B., Ishak, G., Callegari, B., Santos, E. G. R., Souza, G. D. S., et al. (2024) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/s12957-024-03337-1 · Cited by 3
“The test was considered complete when the participant reached HR, which was 80% of his or her maximum predicted HR based on age (220 - age in years) [18], or when he or she reached level 5, which was the end of the 10-minute test.”
MethodParent, C., Lespagnol, É., Berthoin, S., Tagougui, S., Stuckens, C., Tonoli, C., Dupire, M., Dewaele, A., Dereumetz, J., Dewast, C., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111631 · Cited by 4
Malagodi, B. M., Greguol, M., Tavares, V. D. D. O., Froldi, J. L., Ferreira, S. E., & Serassuelo, H. (2024) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426241248355 · Cited by 3
“· Aerobic Session (AS) : Participants performed a light to moderate walk/jog, with exercise intensity ranging from 65 to 75% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax), estimated using the equations (208) - (0.7 x age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialSulowska-Daszyk, I., Zając, B., & Mika, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67525-5 · Cited by 3
Lopes, T. R., de Oliveira, D. M., de Lima, L. A. A., & Silva, B. M. (2024) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2024.104350 · Cited by 3
Ghazzagh, A., Naderi, A., Agha-Alinejad, H., Livani, A., Sarlak, M., Aghamohammadi, S., & Saunders, B. (2024) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0076 · Cited by 5
Tsai, Y.-S., Chen, T.-T., Chan, Y.-C., Huang, C.-C., Lai, T., Liao, Y., Metcalfe, R. S., Chen, Y.-C., & Wang, H.-S. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05638-5 · Cited by 3
“…rate (HR) (Polar V800, Kempele, Finland) reached between ±10 (beats/min) of personal calculated maximal heart rate [HR max = 207 − (0.7 × age)] (Tanaka et al. 2001); and/or (4) volitional exhaustion was reached with a corresponding rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on the Borg scale of 19–20…”
InfluentialLambert, K., & Merci, B. (2024) · Fire Safety Journal · doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104290 · Cited by 3
Edouard, P., & Campo, D. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109407 · Cited by 4
Mitochondrial Fitness Science Communication for Aging Adults: Prospective Formative Pilot Study
Maxwell, C. A., Grubbs, B. F., Dietrich, M. S., Boon, J. T., Dunavan, J., Knickerbocker, K. J., & Patel, M. R. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/64437 · Cited by 3
Nakayama, A., Iwata, T., Sakuma, H., Kashino, K., & Tomoike, H. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14010021 · Cited by 3
“How‑ ever, few have been reported regarding AT‑HR prediction, especially for patients with various cardiovascular diseases [21].”
Chen, M., Zhang, Y. C., Yu, X., & Qun, Z. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003627 · Cited by 5
“Aerobics training intensity was set at 55% – 65% maximum heart rate (HRmax; HRmax = 208 − 0.7 × age) (26).”
InfluentialCohen, J. N., Sole, R. T., Zafiris, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00628.2024 · Cited by 3
Herrero-Zapirain, I., Álvarez-Pardo, S., Castañeda-Babarro, A., et al. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13040429 · Cited by 3
“During the sessions, the participants maintained their heart rate at a level between 60 and 75% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax), which was calculated using the following formula: HRmax = 208.75 − (0.73 × age) [15–18].”
InfluentialUniversal Proteomic Signature After Exercise‐Induced Muscle Injury in Muscular Dystrophies
Stemmerik, M. P. G., Barthel, B. L., Andersen, N. R., Skriver, S. V., Russell, A. J., & Vissing, J. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.70035 · Cited by 3
Effects of Acute Fatigue on Balance Control of Alpine Skiing Athlete
Riscart-López, J., Jiménez-Herranz, E., Mendoza-Puente, I., Rosety, M. Á., Bastos-García, J., Rodríguez-Huguet, M., & Ramos-Álvarez, J. J. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15050679 · Cited by 3
“The test ended when two criteria were met: subjective exhaustion (modified 0–10 Borg scale (value 10 recorded)) and reaching at least 85% of the theoretical maximum heart rate [28,29].”
Marques, L., Neves, J., Pereira, A., Santiago, A., Troia, S., Vilarinho, R., Amorim, M. M., & Noites, A. (2025) · Obesities · doi:10.3390/obesities5020031 · Cited by 4
“For aerobic exercise performance, for each participant, the theoretical maximum heart rate (HRmax) was determined based on the Tanaka equation [26]: Based on these values, and using the Karvonen equation, the target heart rate (THR) was calculated [27]: where HRrest is the heart at rest for each…”
Orcioli‐Silva, D., Vitório, R., Beretta, V. S., Oliveira, A. S., da Conceição, N. R., Nóbrega‐Sousa, P., dos Santos, P. C. R., Gobbi, L. T. B., & Barela, J. Â. (2025) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2110755 · Cited by 3
Jensen, I. K. B., Jessen, A. D., Gundersen, S. V., Roland, C. B., Knudsen, S. D. P., Alomairah, S. A., Bendix, J. M., Clausen, T. D., Mortensen, O. H., Teilmann, G., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002458 · Cited by 3
Active assessment of fitness and performance in a general population
Winslow, B. D., Natarajan, A., Mravca, S., Duong, J. J., Choudhary, S., & Giest, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1552365 · Cited by 3
The role of physical and cognitive effort on time perception
Bartolini, T., Petrizzo, I., Arrighi, R., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-07814-9 · Cited by 3
Heart Rate Variability Differences by Match Phase and Outcome in Elite Male Finnish Padel Players
Conde-Ripoll, R., Jamotte, A., Parraça, J. A., & Bustamante-Sánchez, Á. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10030306 · Cited by 10
“The estimated maximum heart rate was calculated with the Tanaka’s formula (208–0.7 × age) [21].”
InfluentialTratamento não medicamentoso e abordagem multiprofissional
Malachias, M. V. B., Barroso, W. K. S., Lotemberg, A. M. P., Guimarães, A. C., Negrão, C. E., Forjaz, C. L. M., Lopes, H. F., dos Santos, J. E., Gusmão, L. F. Â. M. L., Lipp, M. E. N., et al. (2010) · Brazilian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1590/s0101-28002010000500007 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of cardiorespiratory functional reserve from arm exercise in the elderly
Tordi, N., Mourot, L., Maire, J., et al. (2010) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2010.07.006 · Cited by 3
“] 1,18 an, extrêmes 66–82) avec une fréquence cardiaque (FC) maximale théorique (208– 0,7 fois âge) [20] égale à 156,9 0,8 bpm.”
BackgroundInfluentialFrecuencia cardíaca máxima obtenida y predicha: estudio retrospectivo en brasileños
Marins, J. C. B., Silva, C. D., Braga, M. D. O., Cerqueira, M. S., & Bandeira, F. C. (2010) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 3
Martínez, P. Y. O., López, J. A. H., Ávila, F. A. P., Rocha, C. A. Q. C., Moreira, M. H. R., & Dantas, E. H. M. (2015) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000102 · Cited by 3
“7x age (26), followed by 10 minute of cool down.”
BackgroundKohanpour, M. A., Vatandost, M., Zolfaghari, F., et al. (2011) · Research Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/rjbsci.2011.590.596 · Cited by 3
Cardiac and Exercise Physiology in Adolescence
Müller, J., & Hager, A. (2016) · Congenital heart disease in adolescents and adults · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31139-5_4 · Cited by 3
Aweto, H., Akodu, A. K., Adedara, A. C., & Olawale, O. (2016) · African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.4314/ajprs.v7i1-2.9 · Cited by 3
“Since MHR – HR at rest = Heart rate reserve (HRR), another formula for THR is: THR = (HRR x 0.6) + HR at rest (Tanaka et al, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA smartphone-based design of wireless human-on-the-bike monitoring system
Huang, T.-Y., Chen, H., Chiu, W., et al. (2016) · IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) · doi:10.1109/gcce.2016.7800367 · Cited by 3
“According to a journal by the American College of Cardiology, the maximum HR per minute is derived by subtracting the age from 220 [6].”
MethodAskari, J., Kakhki, A. S., Taheri, H., & Yassini, S. M. (2017) · Open Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.4236/ojmp.2017.63016 · Cited by 3
“7 × age” [35] was also used here in identifying HRmax.”
MethodRieder, R., Kristensen, C. H., & Pinho, M. S. (2017) · IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) · doi:10.1109/compsac.2017.196 · Cited by 3
“• HR max: subjects were excluded from the dataset when their mean HR during the experiment was above to the maximum HR, which it was estimated from the Tanaka formula [24], presented by the Equation 1;”
MethodThe metabolic equivalents of one-mile walking by older adults; implications for health promotion
Gault, M. L., & Willems, M. E. T. (2017) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2017.38 · Cited by 3
Drouin, J. S., Birkmeier, L., Jones, K., Miller, S. L., Gellish, R. L., & Goslin, B. R. (2013) · Rehabilitation Oncology · doi:10.1097/01893697-201331020-00004 · Cited by 3
Influence of Age on Cardiorespiratory Kinetics During Sinusoidal Walking in Humans
Ebine, N., Ahad-Abdulkarim-D, A., Miyake, Y., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01191 · Cited by 3
“HR max = 208 – (0.7·Age) (Tanaka et al., 2001), resting HR in this study were averaged 78 beats min−1 in the ELD and 61 beats min−1 in the YG, respectively.”
BackgroundInfluentialAerobic capacity for breast cancer survivors 2 to 3 years after breast surgery
Cešeiko, R., Tomsone, S., Majevska, L., & Vētra, A. (2019) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/20196802009 · Cited by 3
“The maximum expected heart rate was calculated on the basis of formula 220-age (in years) [15].”
MethodBaghersalimi, M., Fathi, R., & Kazemi, S. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.34171/mjiri.33.128 · Cited by 3
Pourmanaf, H., Hamzehzadeh, A., & Nikniaz, L. (2020) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2019.10.006 · Cited by 3
Comprehensive cardiopulmonary assessment in α mannosidosis
Nir, V., Bentur, L., Tal, G., et al. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24864 · Cited by 3
Variation in Heart-Rate Profile During a Prolonged, Submaximal Swim Bout
Goss, C. S., Greenshields, J. T., Brammer, C. L., Kojima, K., Wright, B. V., Chapman, R. F., & Stager, J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2019-0895 · Cited by 3
Szortyka, M. F., Cristiano, V. B., & Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.536767 · Cited by 3
“Our measurements ranged from 70 to 80% of maximum heart rates calculated by the Karvonen formula (22).”
MethodHeidorn, C. E., Dykstra, B. J., Conner, C. A., & Mahon, A. D. (2021) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2020-0050 · Cited by 3
Gardiner, C. K., & Bryan, A. D. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12523 · Cited by 4
De‐la‐O, A., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., Castillo, M. J., Gutiérrez, Á., & Amaro‐Gahete, F. J. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111458 · Cited by 3
Experiences of an Exercise Program: Perspectives from Breast Cancer Survivors
Anisimowicz, Y., Rudy, L., Hamilton, R. A., McGowan, E. L., Saunders, T. J., Keats, M. R., Grandy, S. A., Soucy, C., & B̀ouchard, D. R. (2021) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4824 · Cited by 4
“A heart rate for moderate intensity was the target (as per, Tanaka et al., 2001)”
BackgroundCOMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL, SOMATOTIPO Y CONDICIÓN FÍSICA EN MUJERES DEPORTISTAS COLOMBIANAS
del Tolima, U., Parrací, C. A. R., Oyola, F. A. R., et al. (2021) · Revista digital Actividad Física y Deporte · doi:10.31910/rdafd.v7.n2.2021.1852 · Cited by 3
Hofstätter, N., Hofer, S., Duschl, A., & Himly, M. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101414 · Cited by 4
Raimundo, R. D., Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Leone, C., de Carvalho, T. D., da Silva, T. D., Bezerra, Í. M. P., de Almeida, Á. D., Valenti, V. E., & de Abreu, L. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111460 · Cited by 3
“After 10 min in supine position, the subjects were advised to walk on a treadmill (RT250pro, Movement, Sao Paulo, Brazil) for aerobic exercise, divided into five min of warm-up and 25 min of exercise (70% of the heart rate reserve) [35,36].”
MethodKyle, E., Miller, H. B., Schueler, J., Clinton, M., Alexander, B. M., Hart, A. M., & Larson‐Meyer, D. E. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030703 · Cited by 6
“07 × age)) [47], or respiratory exchange ratio (RER) greater than 1.”
BackgroundMagnani, S., Mulliri, G., Roberto, S., Ghiani, G. M., Sechi, F., Stagi, S., Marini, E., Bassareo, P. P., Spranger, M. D., & Crisafulli, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07933-7 · Cited by 3
Bao, C., Ma, Z., Wu, Z., et al. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2022.3157915 · Cited by 3
Ubuane, P. O., Ajiboye, O. A., Adekunle, M. O., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25986 · Cited by 3
Cardiorespiratory Fitness - New Topics
Sözen, H. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.100928 · Cited by 3
Bergaoui, J., Latiri, I., & Saad, H. B. (2022) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Submaximal Testing to Estimate Aerobic Capacity Using a Matrix C5x Stepmill
Schaumburg, L. V., Laurson, K. R., Thomas, D. O., et al. (2022) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2022-0055 · Cited by 3
Using Computer Vision to Track Facial Color Changes and Predict Heart Rate
Khanal, S. R., Sampaio, J. E., Exel, J., Barroso, J., & Filipe, V. M. D. J. (2022) · Journal of Imaging · doi:10.3390/jimaging8090245 · Cited by 3
“7 × age) [58] or be unable to maintain cadence to generate”
BackgroundCardiorespiratory Benefits of Exercise
Wang, D., Qu, K., Yangm, M., Yang, X., Lu, A., & Ren, J. T. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.107360 · Cited by 4
Videira‐Silva, A., Sardinha, L. B., & Fonseca, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315537 · Cited by 3
Gutiérrez‐Hellín, J., Coso, J. D., Aguilar‐Navarro, M., Varillas‐Delgado, D., Ruíz‐Moreno, C., López‐Samanes, Á., Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., & Muñoz, A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14235030 · Cited by 4
“10, (iii) a rating of perceived exertion larger than 19 points (6–20 point Borg scale), (iv) heart rate higher than the 90% of maximal heart rate age-predicted estimation (HRmax = 220-age) [18] and (v) unable to maintain a cadence >50 rpm in the last load.”
BackgroundA new and specific automated blood pressure device for exercise stress testing
McLaurin, N., Wang, T., Chen, L.-S., & Tanaka, H. (2022) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-022-00784-9 · Cited by 4
“Exercise began at 25W and increased by 25W every 2min until a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 16 (Borg’s original scale) or 80% of age-predicted maximal heart rate [10] was reached.”
MethodSelf-citationFunctional capacity and quality of life in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia
da Silva, J. L., Soares, B. A., Silva, J. C., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.26300 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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