The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,401–2,500 of 3,736
A self-paced walk test for individual calibration of heart rate to energy expenditurePreprint
Westgate, K. L., Gonzales, T. I., Hollidge, S. E., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.23294939 · Cited by 3
“Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) was estimated by extrapolating the linear HR – energy expenditure relationship established by both the walk test and the treadmill test to age-predicted maximal HR (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Ahmed, A., & Ahmed, M. S. M. (2023) · Isokinetics and Exercise Science · doi:10.3233/ies-220117 · Cited by 3
“For each subject, the HRmax was estimated using the following formula: HRmax = 208 − 0.7 × age [27].”
InfluentialGillespie, J., Trammell, M., Ochoa, C., et al. (2024) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2317259 · Cited by 2
Quinn, T. D., Bruehwiler, T., Chantler, P. D., & Gibbs, B. B. (2024) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003183 · Cited by 5
“Each participant completed a submaximal treadmill test using a modified Balke protocol up to 80% age-predicted HR max (80% age-predicted HR max = 0.80 × (208 – (0.7 × age))) 27,28 to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness during the baseline assessment.”
InfluentialMinchin, K., & Landers, M. R. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2365414 · Cited by 2
“To establish the THR, the HR max was determined using the Seals equation (Equation (1)) [29].”
Differences in Workloads of Maximal Tasks in Active-Duty Firefighters
Marciniak, R. A., Wahl, C. A., & Ebersole, K. T. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12151495 · Cited by 2
“The target maximal HR (HR MAX ) was defined as 100% of the age-predicted maximum HR from the following equation: HR MAX = 208 − (0.7 × age) [40].”
MethodInfluentialThermoregulatory demands of épée fencing during competition
Oates, L. W., Price, M., & Bottoms, L. M. (2024) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2024.2389587 · Cited by 2
“Maximum HR was determined in the software based upon the participant’s age predicted maximum heart rate (HR APM ) and was calculated as 208-(0.7*age) [25] which has been shown to have greater accuracy than other predictive methods [26].”
MethodInfluentialChartrand, D. J., Larose, É., Poirier, P., Mathieu, P., Alméras, N., Pîbarot, P., Lamarche, B., Rhéaume, C., Lemieux, I., Després, J., et al. (2024) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.09.010 · Cited by 2
Aerobic Conditioning in Geriatric Rehabilitation
Moffat, M., & Park, H. (2024) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000450 · Cited by 2
Schneider, V. M., de Abreu, R. F., Tanaka, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-024-00972-9 · Cited by 2
“…participants needed to meet at least one of the following criteria post-tests: (1) attaining volitional fatigue; (2) achieving a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥ 1.1; (3) reaching a heart rate (HR) ≥ 95% of estimated maximal HR through the Tanaka ’ s Equation ( = 208 − 0.7 × age) [21, 22].”
InfluentialSelf-citationLin, C., Lin, P.-W., Chiu, L.-W., Su, M., Chai, H.-T., Chang, C., Friedman, M., Salapatas, A. M., & Lin, H. (2024) · Auris Nasus Larynx · doi:10.1016/j.anl.2024.10.005 · Cited by 2
Tanriver, G., Stanojevic, S., Filipow, N., Douglas, H., Raywood, E., Kapoor, K., Davies, G., Murray, N., O’Connor, R., Robinson, E. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2024.10.014 · Cited by 2
Impact of nocturnal oxygen enrichment on high-altitude acclimatization
Rosales, A. M., Hailes, W. S., Collins, C. W., McGlynn, M. L., Ruby, B. C., & Slivka, D. R. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00251.2024 · Cited by 2
Shick, T. J., Perkins, C., Paul, A. P., et al. (2025) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2024.0169 · Cited by 2
Martinez, J. M., Haubert, L. L., Eberly, V. J., Weiss, W., & Rankin, J. W. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1504840 · Cited by 3
“With respect to the predictive equation for maximal HR used within our study, our estimates based on Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (36) generated values that were 5 – 15 percent higher (depending on age) than those obtained using a predictive equation speci fi c to individuals with low paraplegia that…”
InfluentialRuegsegger, G. N. (2025) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00015.2025 · Cited by 2
Katayama, K., Shiozawa, K., Ishida, K., Banno, R., Kinoshita, A., Iwamoto, E., & Ogoh, S. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01008.2024 · Cited by 2
Zou, H., Xie, F., Yue, H., Chen, X., Wen, Z., Fang, M., & Yao, F. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094851 · Cited by 2
Grift, G. O., Dunsford, J. R., Dhaliwal, J. K., Dominelli, P. B., & Molgat‐Seon, Y. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092586 · Cited by 2
da Cruz, C. J. G., Figueiredo, K. D. S., Bezerra, L. N., SILVA, T. F., dos Santos, J. L. S., da Silva, J. F., da Costa, C. M., Ferreira, J. A. D. M., de Andrade, M. F., Pereira, R. M. D. S., et al. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01436-4 · Cited by 2
“The HR observed during dance intervention was presented in its absolute form and as a percentage of maximum HR, predicted using the formula: 208-(0.7 × age) [25].”
InfluentialBergevin, M., Bendas, A., Bobeuf, F., Gentile, E., Woznowski‐Vu, A., Wideman, T. H., Berryman, N., Bherer, L., Roy, M., & Pageaux, B. (2025) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2025.07.003 · Cited by 2
Aswini, K., & Arya, K. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590492 · Cited by 2
“The formula outlined in (1) is used to calculate APMHR, which is derived from clinical guidelines in [26].”
Chordekar, S., Kurtzman, E., Levy-Nissenbaum, O., et al. (2025) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0037232 · Cited by 2
Kwaro, D., Kassem, N., Munga, S., Muma, J. O., Gunga, H., Barteit, S., & Maggioni, M. A. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24373-w · Cited by 3
Delextrat, A. A., Solera-Sanchez, A., Davies, E., Hennelly, S. E., Shaw, C. D., Sabir, L., & Bibbey, A. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13172250 · Cited by 4
“These values were expressed in absolute (beat min − 1 ) and relative (% of maximal HR (HR max )), according to the Tanaka equation [40].”
Hendrikse, J. J., Brooks, E., Wallis, S., Curtin, D., Rogasch, N. C., Yücel, M., Biabani, M., Stagg, C. J., Bellgrove, M. A., McIntyre, R., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp288361 · Cited by 3
“Exercise intensity was tailored to each individual based on their heart rate reserve (HRR), where HRR = age predicted maximum heart rate – resting heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Sukatta, U., Rugthaworn, P., Klinsukhon, K., Tumnark, P., Songcharern, N., Teethaisong, Y., Kanpetta, Y., & Phoemsapthawee, J. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17213358 · Cited by 2
Parkinson’s disease, aerobic exercise and photobiomodulation: a randomised controlled trial
Santos, L., Burtscher, J., & Taboada, L. H. D. (2025) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-025-03050-7 · Cited by 3
“…reserve (HRR), which was estimated using the following equation (Kenney 2022): where maximum heart rate was determined following Tanaka's equation (Tanaka 2001): The resting heart rate of the patients was measured at rest in a supine position using a heart rate monitor (Polar S810, OY, Oulu,…”
Kasap, M., & Aydın, R. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336615 · Cited by 6
Zuccarelli, L., Baldassarre, G., Bondesan, A., Caroli, D., Micheli, R. D., Tringali, G., Favaretto, T., Suraj, J., Kurpińska, A., Majerczak, J., et al. (2025) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep093109 · Cited by 2
“OB and CTRL attained peak HR values corresponding to ∼ 84% and ∼ 90% of the age-predicted maximum (calculated as 208 − 0.7 age; Tanaka et al., 2001), respectively.”
InfluentialRethinking measurement of movement-evoked pain with digital technology
Frumkin, M. R., Zhang, J., Xu, Z., Yakdan, S. M., Benedict, B. C., Javeed, S., Zhang, J. K., Botterbush, K. S., Goodin, B. R., Lu, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105643 · Cited by 3
“Results for alternative thresholds are presented in the supplementary materials.”
Stubbs, K. J., Bomma, M., Lott, D. J., Griffis, E. J., Sweatland, H. M., Makumi, W. A., Coppola, J., Shih, R. S., Sweeney, H. L., Dixon, W. E., et al. (2025) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01809-3 · Cited by 3
“HRR was calculated as the difference between predicted peak HR (HRpeak pred) = 208—0.7 × age [24] and HR at rest [5].”
InfluentialEsteve-Lanao, J., Sellés, S., Arévalo-Chico, H., & Cejuela, R. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14010029 · Cited by 2
“Other data were collected during the test including voluntary exhaustion of the participant, HR ≥ theoretical HRmax (calculated as 208–0.7 · age [22]).”
InfluentialAndrade, M. T., Nunes‐Leite, M. M. S., Bruzzi, R. S., Souza, C. L. D. L. V., Uendeles-Pinto, J. P., de Sá, N. B. A., Mendes, T. T., Prado, L. S., Coimbra, C. C., Soares, D. D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104374 · Cited by 2
Griffith, G. J., Wang, A., & Ward, K. M. (2026) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951125111268 · Cited by 2
“19 The parameters of exercise capacity recorded for every cardiopulmonary exercise test included exercise duration (min), peak aerobic capacity indexed to weight (mL/kg/ min), and percentage of expected peak aerobic capacity (%).”
Berkebile, J. A., Crane, H. T., Sanchez-Perez, J. A., Swamy, K., Rahman, F. N., & Inan, O. T. (2026) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2026.118460 · Cited by 4
Santos‐de‐Araújo, A. D., Garcia, B. R. D. O., Bassi-Dibai, D., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-41182-2 · Cited by 2
“Maximum heart rate (HRmax) was calculated using the formula: HRmax = 208 − (0.7 × age) 32 .”
InfluentialAli, F., Shah, O. U., Nadeem, M. A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1630492 · Cited by 2
“Overexpressing a homolog in E. coli improved salt and freezing tolerance (Figure 6) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Sifi, M. A., Marzouki, H., Selmi, O., Sdira, B., Cherni, B., Hagan, J. E., Alexe, D. I., Băltean, A. I., Geantă, V. A., Douzi, W., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-48457-8 · Cited by 4
“To standardize exercise intensity across groups, HR values were expressed as a percentage of HRmaxTheo (%HRmaxTheo), calculated using the formula: HRmaxTheo = 208 - (0.7 × age) 17 .”
InfluentialJanssens, K., Howden, E. J., Mitchell, A. M., Wright, L. M., Climie, R. E., Parr, E. B., Haykowsky, M. J., Gerche, A. L., & Foulkes, S. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00015.2026 · Cited by 2
Vermeiren, M., Primus, N., Heyns, K., Cornelissen, V., Willems, R., Puyvelde, T. V., Ector, J., Goetschalckx, K., & Sinnaeve, P. (2026) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwag253 · Cited by 3
Afousi, A. G., Fard, A., & Sabouri, A. (2026) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000004337 · Cited by 3
Abdelmoneim, S. S., Gulati, M., Mulvagh, S. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2014.4935 · Cited by 2
“21 Again, subjects with ischemic exercise ECGs were excluded, as were any subjects taking medications or smoking.”
Muρoz, J. E., Badia, S. B. I., Rubio, E. V., et al. (2015) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318381 · Cited by 2
Melo, N., Alsina, P. J., Dórea, C. E. T., & Eugenio, K. J. S. (2015) · International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science · doi:10.1109/mhs.2015.7438253 · Cited by 2
“In order to determine the amount of metabolic effort someone was under during a certain activity it is necessary to calculate its maximum pulse rate (P Rmax), which can be obtained using the following equation related to a male subject [12].”
MethodLöllgen, H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43711-7_9 · Cited by 2
Dias, R., Prestes, J., Manzatto, R., Donatto, F. F., Foschini, D., & Cavaglieri, C. R. (2006) · Cited by 2
Comparison between Age-Predicted and Measured Maximal Heart Rate in Professional Soccer Athletes
Garlipp, D. C., Siqueira, O. D., Crescente, L. A., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Science · Cited by 2
Barbado, C., Vicente-Campos, D., & Chicharro, J. L. (2018) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07203-6 · Cited by 2
Team Size and Stretching-Exercise Effects on Simulated Chest Compression Performance and Exertion
Schoen, J. C., Machan, J. T., Dannecker, M., et al. (2017) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2017.8.34236 · Cited by 2
Martínez, P. Y. O., López, J. A. H., Díaz, D. P., Trujillo, D. A. Z., & Teixeira, A. M. (2019) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v0i35.62041 · Cited by 7
“…of 50% of maximum heart rate frequency for the first 6 weeks and 60% for the final 6 weeks of the program, using the formula Max HR= 208-0.7x age (Tanaka et al., 2001), exercising through alternating movements between arms and legs, monitored using a heart rate monitor Polar FT7® (Finland)…”
MethodHeart Rate and Perceived Exertion Among Young Adult Obese Males During One-Handed Carrying
Badawy, M., Schall, M. C., Gallagher, S., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931218621205 · Cited by 2
“When evaluating the tasks using age-predicted %HRmax using the equation (HRmax = 208 – 0.7 x age; Tanaka et al., 2001), results indicate that, for all four loading conditions, %HRmax was between 53.8%- 58.2% for the non-obese group and 54.1%-59.4% for the obese group.”
MethodInfluentialJedlicka, D., & Hans-Georg, P. (2018) · Athens Journal of Sports · doi:10.30958/ajspo.5-2-3 · Cited by 2
Eberhardt, A. W. (2018) · Open Access Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biosciences · doi:10.32474/oajbeb.2018.02.000130 · Cited by 2
da Silva, V. L., Depizzol, C. E. D. R., Carletti, L., et al. (2019) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220192502198030 · Cited by 2
Bartolomeu, R. F., Bragada, J., Casanova, N., et al. (2020) · SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.6018/sportk.413251 · Cited by 2
Horiuchi, M. (2020) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.2020.1754649 · Cited by 3
Combined effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on memory
Jung, M., Brizes, I., Wages, S., Ponce, P., Kang, M., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2020) · Physiology International · doi:10.1556/2060.2020.00017 · Cited by 2
Kozlov, S. G., Чернова, О. В., Шитов, В. Н., et al. (2020) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2374 · Cited by 2
Stellenwert der Ergometrie in der heutigen kardiovaskulären Diagnostik
Nowotny, F., Dürst, U., & Wyss, C. A. (2020) · Praxis · doi:10.1024/1661-8157/a003569 · Cited by 2
Evaluating Hierarchical Medical Workflows using Feature Importance
Pawar, U., Culbert, C. T., & O’Reilly, R. (2021) · Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems · doi:10.1109/cbms52027.2021.00075 · Cited by 3
Physiological and mechanical loads in Portuguese sub-elite football refereeing – a preliminary study
Rebelo‐Gonçalves, R., Pardal, H., Coelho, L., et al. (2021) · Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte · doi:10.6018/cpd.467591 · Cited by 2
“Percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax) was obtained according to Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001): 𝐻𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 208 − 0.7 × 𝑎𝑔𝑒 .”
InfluentialShwaish, N. S., Malloy-Walton, L. E., Feldman, K., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-021-02788-7 · Cited by 2
Exercise-induced cardiac troponin T release in veteran athletes recovered from COVID-19
Janssen, S. L. J. E., Aengevaeren, V. L., Bongers, C. C. W. G., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac035 · Cited by 2
“7 Age).(4) When 70% of maximum heart rate was reached, the workload was kept stable until 30 min of warming up had passed.”
BackgroundGarcia, M. C., & Bazett-Jones, D. M. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0563 · Cited by 2
Alves, M. M., Dressel, H., & Radtke, T. (2022) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103940 · Cited by 2
Can Hypoxia Alter the Anaerobic Capacity Measured by a Single Exhaustive Exercise?
Foresti, Y. F., Higino, W. P., de Carvalho, C. D., Esequiel, G. H., Costa, G. P., Bertuzzi, R., & Papoti, M. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1925-6494 · Cited by 2
“The criteria adopted to consider the test as the maximum were: a) Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) greater than 1.10; b) maximum heart rate close to that predicted by the equation: 208–(0.7*Age) [26]; c) RPE equal to or greater than 9 points.”
BackgroundInfluentialAlfini, A. J., Won, J., Weiss, L. R., Nyhuis, C. C., Zipunnikov, V., Spira, A. P., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Shackman, A. J., & Smith, J. C. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12101360 · Cited by 3
“7 × age) for older adults [39], which was then used to compute exercise intensity as a percentage of HR reserve (used for comparison purposes only, see Table 1).”
MethodMori, S., Kosaki, K., Tagata, R., Kon, K., Yasuda, R., Nishitani, N., Ishizu, T., & Maeda, S. (2022) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2022.10.009 · Cited by 2
Torres-Puebla, G., Poblete, P., Rodríguez‐Núñez, I., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.26309 · Cited by 2
Michalik, K., Szczepan, S., Markowski, M., & Zatoń, M. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1049237 · Cited by 3
“The predicted maximum heart rate (HRmaxPRED) was calculated from the formula (Tanaka et al., 2001): 208 - 0.”
MethodSaari, A., Ma, X., Clasey, J. L., Bollinger, L. M., & Abel, M. G. (2023) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-220216 · Cited by 2
“…(HR Max - HR Rest )[6] Resting heart rate (HR Rest ) was obtained from the pre-SFGT heart rate variability measurement and estimated maximum heart rate (HR Max ) was acquired by using an age-predicted equation [208 – (0.7 x age)] [40] or HR Peak obtained from the SFGT, whichever value was greater.”
InfluentialIntensity of arm swing exercise with music-movement synchrony in untrained young adults
Cetthakrikul, S., Nawarat, J., Nissapatorn, V., Pereira, M. D. L., & Rungruangbaiyok, C. (2023) · Physiotherapy Quarterly · doi:10.5114/pq.2023.125164 · Cited by 2
Boruch, A. E., Lindheimer, J. B., Ninneman, J. V., Wylie, G. R., Alexander, T., Klein‐Adams, J. C., Stegner, A. J., Gretzon, N. P., Samy, B., Falvo, M. J., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100612 · Cited by 2
Energy expenditure and intensity of ritual jumping–dancing in male M aasai
Christensen, D. L., Westgate, K. L., Griffiths, L., Sironga, J., Maro, V. P., Helge, J. W., Larsen, S., Bygbjerg, I. C., Ramaiya, K. L., Jensen, J., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23907 · Cited by 2
Kittrell, H. D., DiMenna, F. J., Arad, A. D., Oh, W., Hofer, I. S., Walker, R. W., Loos, R. J. F., Albu, J., & Nadkarni, G. N. (2023) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.014 · Cited by 2
Immediate Effects of High-Cadence Cycling on Core Outcomes in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease
Miner, D. G., & Chui, K. K. (2023) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2022-0413 · Cited by 2
Effects of Sitting Recovery Protocols on Postexercise Heart Rate in Young Adults
Dimkpa, U., Okoli, I. G., Nwaefulu, K. E., Enemuo, I. C., Okafor, E. E. C., Unaeze, B. C., Ezeokafor, E. N., & Okpala, N. C. C.-O. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-12.3.72 · Cited by 2
Molgat‐Seon, Y., Sawatzky, M. A. T., Dominelli, P. B., Kirby, M., Guenette, J. A., Bourbeau, J., Tan, W. C., & Sheel, A. W. (2023) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2023-0246 · Cited by 3
Zając, B., Gaj, P. K., & Ambroży, T. (2023) · Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0053.9657 · Cited by 2
Ushirooka, N., Muratomi, K., Omura, S., & Tanigawa, S. (2023) · Journal of Trainology · doi:10.17338/trainology.12.2_24 · Cited by 2
Oursler, K. K., Briggs, B. C., Lozano, A. J., et al. (2024) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000003840 · Cited by 2
“Linear regression was performed for each participant characteristic as the independent variable and VO 2 peak as the dependent variable.”
MethodPerucca, L., Scarano, S., Russo, G. M., Majnardi, A. R., & Caronni, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1274809 · Cited by 2
“The endurance training protocol consisted of the following eight steps: The individual estimated maximum heart rate was calculated according to Tanaka et al. (28).”
MethodCudicio, A., Cogliati, M., Bonardi, A., Agosti, V., Borgogni, A., & Orizio, C. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16020889 · Cited by 3
Pühringer, M., & Ring‐Dimitriou, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1321896 · Cited by 4
Metabolic demands of a simulated smoke-diving drill
Säynäjäkangas, P., Halonen, J., Lusa, S., et al. (2024) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2024.2342429 · Cited by 2
“HR max is largely predicted by age (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals 2001), which could explain the lower mean and peak HR, but in connection with lower mean %HR max and V ̇ O 2 , these results indicate that age and work experience reduce physical strain during the drill.”
Integrating Heart Rate Monitoring Into a Camp for Children With Neuromotor Disorders: A Case Series
Rubsam, M., Hohl, K., Smaller, K. A., et al. (2024) · Pediatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/pep.0000000000001134 · Cited by 2
“…determine the method of maximal exertion testing that accurately reflects the capabilities of children with ND. Traditional HRmax prediction equations have shown limitations, with the Tanaka equation (208-(0.7*age)) 41 under-estimating HRmax and the Fox equation (220-age) 42 overestimating HRmax.”
InfluentialAlbaladejo‐García, C., Caballero, C., Asencio, P., & Hernández, F. J. M. (2024) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2383071 · Cited by 4
“Initially, the general warm-up consisted of jogging, adjusted at approximately 70% of the participants’ estimated maximum heart rate (HR max , estimated using the Tanaka et al. (2001) formula), followed by dynamic mobility exercises.”
Gordon, K. E., Dusane, S., Kahn, J. H., Shafer, A., Brazg, G., Henderson, H. A., & Kim, K. A. (2024) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-024-03757-2 · Cited by 2
“%) exercise intensity based on percentage of APHRmax are recorded [44, 47].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFerreira, J. P., Campos, M. J., & Ataíde, S. S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13195740 · Cited by 2
“Therefore, in the present study, exercise intensity will be predicted indirectly using the following equation [51]: The present study will use a methodology for managing the intensity of the effort, in which the exerciser with ASD performs physical effort in a range that oscillates between 50% and…”
MethodLee, E.-B., Oyama, O., Ryu, J., Lee, T. H., Park, D., Hong, S., Suh, S., Park, D.-H., Han, J., Lalande, S., et al. (2024) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2024.2410394 · Cited by 2
“_ VO 2 max was determined if any two or more of the following three criteria were met: 1) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥ 1.15; 2) heart rate ≥ 90% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate (208 − (0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001); and 3) RPE score ≥ 19 (American College of Sports Medicine, 2013).”
InfluentialSelf-citationEffects of Apnea-Induced Hypoxia on Hypoalgesia in Healthy Subjects
Mendoza-Arranz, C., López-Rebenaque, O., Cabrera-López, C. D., López-Mejías, A., Fierro‐Marrero, J., & Fernández, F. A. C. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12110294 · Cited by 5
“Theoretical HR max was calculated with the formula “208 − (0.7 × Age)” [34].”
InfluentialFranco, I., Bianco, A., Prospero, L., Riezzo, G., Bonfiglio, C., Bagnato, C. B., Verrelli, N., Goscilo, F., D’Attoma, B., Ignazzi, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13226684 · Cited by 4
Ettema, S., Pennink, G. H., Buurke, T. J. W., et al. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2434647 · Cited by 2
Alam, K., Kumar, T., Jha, K., & Zabihullah, M. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.75329 · Cited by 2
“The age-predicted MHR was calculated for each subject using the formula [19]: Test proper: Following the warm-up, participants maintained the same speed for an additional four minutes at a 5% grade.”
Seki, S., Kobayashi, T., Beppu, K., Nojo, M., Hoshina, K., Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, T., Nakazato, K., & Hwang, I. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15121627 · Cited by 4
Bishnoi, A., & Hernandez, M. E. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus · doi:10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100115 · Cited by 3
Compressive Pantyhose Mitigates Muscle Fatigue in Ballet-Specific Test: A Pilot Study
da Mota, G. R., Sasaki, J. E., Rocha, M. R., Fonseca, P. A. B., Ide, B. N., Goto, K., de Oliveira, D. C. X., & Marocolo, M. (2025) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/wdgs4753 · Cited by 2
Gómez-Álvarez, N., Igaimán-Saavedra, M., Quintana-Herrera, S., Zúñiga-Providel, J., Hermosilla-Palma, F. A., de Oliveira, J. J. F., & Fonseca, H. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-024-01314-5 · Cited by 2
“HRmax was estimated using the following formula: HRmax = 20–0.7*Age) [29].”
InfluentialBerger, M., Bruggisser, F., Schwarz, A., Leuenberger, R., Hanke, M., Gerber, M., & Ludyga, S. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114820 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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