The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
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Guidelines for exercise testing
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Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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“2 Age-predicted heart rate max was calculated as: 208 − (0.7 × age) 25 with participants maximal percentage of age-predicted heart rate max calculated as: (Heart Rate max / age-predicted heart rate maximum) × 100%.”
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“The decision to exclude those individuals stemmed from the traditional equations being developed on healthy, nonmedicated individuals 10 and the well-documented effect of β - blockers decreasing heart rate at rest and with exertion.”
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“Statistical analysis was done using Stata V.14.2 (Stata).”
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“Maximal heart rate (HR max ) was estimated using the Tanaka equation (equation 1) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
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“Also, the control group had a higher stroke index compared to ICI patients ( p = 0.001), while both groups reached > 95% of predicted HR max., as calculated from the formula provided by Tanaka et al. (2001).”
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“(208—0.7 × age) for healthy individuals (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialBarene, S., Oseland, H., Ølberg, R. I., & Litleskare, S. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01120-7 · Cited by 3
“Since maximum heart rate (HRmax) was not directly measured, intensity levels were estimated using the Tanaka equation (HRmax = 208–0.7 × age) [45], yielding an approximate HRmax of 196 bpm for 16–17-year-olds.”
InfluentialSex Comparison of White-Blood-Cell Responses to Acute Vigorous-Intensity Aerobic Exercise
Koivula, T., Neuvonen, J., Sucksdorff, M., Kapanen, J., Heinonen, O. J., Rissanen, E., & HEINONEN, I. H. A. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2024-0154 · Cited by 2
Análise da técnica de pedalada durante o ciclismo até a exaustão
Diefenthaeler, F., Bini, R. R., & Vaz, M. A. (2012) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-65742012000300008 · Cited by 2
Acute response of intermittent and continuous aerobic exercises on blood glucose of adolescents
de Lima, V. A., Mascarenhas, L. P. G., Decimo, J. P., et al. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.v.22n4p396-403 · Cited by 2
Maksimov, A. L., & Averyanova, I. V. (2019) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119719020051 · Cited by 2
The Acute Effect of Different Specific Warm-up Phases on 1-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Results
Eken, Ö. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences · doi:10.53350/pjmhs22161430 · Cited by 2
Exercise training for individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease
Storer, T. W. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818540-7.00041-0 · Cited by 2
A Perceptually-regulated Exercise Test Predicts Peak Oxygen Uptake in Older Active Adults
Smith, A. E., Eston, R. G., Norton, B., & Parfitt, G. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.23.2.205 · Cited by 2
Belastung und Beanspruchung im sportlichen Training
Zinner, C., & Sperlich, B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53410-6_43 · Cited by 2
Rendimiento y recuperación aguda en corredores de resistencia
Boullosa, D. A., & Tuimil, J. L. (2010) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 2
EVALUACIÓN DE LA APTITUD CARDIO RESPIRATORIA
Hernández, C. A. N. (2010) · Revista Movimiento Científico · Cited by 2
Tibana, R. A., Nascimento, D. D. C., de Sousa, N. M. F., et al. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2014v16n5p522 · Cited by 2
No, You Do Not Have to Run Today, You Get to Run
Gilbert, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2004.10607253 · Cited by 2
Moncada‐Jiménez, J. (2011) · Actualidades Investigativas en Educación · doi:10.15517/aie.v6i1.9191 · Cited by 2
Sanavi, S., Peeri, M., Kohanpour, M.-A., et al. (2012) · Thyroid Research and Practice · doi:10.4103/0973-0354.99651 · Cited by 2
Sanavi, S., & Mirsepasi, M. (2013) · Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.4103/1319-6308.112222 · Cited by 2
Safer mountain climbing using the climbing heartbeat index
Sakai, A., & Nosé, H. (2003) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-003-0167-1 · Cited by 2
Borel, B., Leclair, E., Thévenet, D., Béghin, L., Gottrand, F., & Fabre, C. (2011) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.21418 · Cited by 2
Diabetes Vs. Physical Exercise
Raczyńska, B., Zubik, Ł., & Jeliński, M. (2011) · Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism · doi:10.2478/v10197-011-0001-y · Cited by 2
Pulmonary embolism severity index, age-based markers and evaluation in the emergency department
Kara, H., Değirmenci, S., Bayır, A., & Ak, A. (2015) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1179/2295333715y.0000000008 · Cited by 2
Post-exercise systolic blood pressure recovery and adiposity in adults
Dimkpa, U., & Ugwu, A. C. (2010) · Comparative Exercise Physiology · doi:10.1017/s1755254010000267 · Cited by 2
Effect of training status on adiponectin concentrations
Lakhdar, N., Bouassida, A., Saad, H. B., et al. (2009) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-009-0086-6 · Cited by 2
“10, (3) maximal heart rate within 10 beats/min of the age-predicted maximal values [17] and (4) subject exhaustion.”
BackgroundYabumoto, T., Baba, R., Watanabe, T., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.1.703 · Cited by 2
Maté‐Muñoz, J. L., Isidori, E., & Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V. (2015) · Cultura Ciencia y Deporte · doi:10.12800/ccd.v10i28.514 · Cited by 2
Mendelsohn, M. E., Connelly, D. M., Overend, T. J., & Petrella, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.15.2.184 · Cited by 2
Halvorson, A. C. (2014) · Cited by 2
Beneficios clínicos y prescripción del ejercicio en la prevención cardiovascular primaria: Revisión
Vázquez, P. I. A., la Vega, V. B.-D., Sulub-Herrera, A., Carrillo-Rubio, J. A., & Ramírez-Meléndez, A. (2013) · Revista Mexicana de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación · Cited by 2
Physical activity as a part of overweight and obesity treatment
Poděbradská, R., Stejskal, P., Schwarz, D., & Poděbradský, J. (2011) · Acta Gymnica · doi:10.5507/ag.2011.022 · Cited by 2
“That is why several other research studies have been conducted since then, recommending other formulas for calculating the HRmax, such as Tanaka et al. (2001) recommend the formula 208 – 0.7 × age.”
MethodInfluentialComparação entre frequência cardíaca máxima predita e mensurada em atletas adolescentes de Futsal
de Souza, E. G., Istchuk, L. L., López, J. A. H., et al. (2015) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 2
Construction of Kinect-Based Measuring and Monitoring System for the Degree of Employee’s Fatigue
She, J., Nakamura, H., Imani, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics · doi:10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0056 · Cited by 2
Dynamics of skin temperature of the knee during physical exercise measured by infrared thermography
Svaic, V., Jurinjak, B., Županić, D., et al. (2014) · International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography (QIRT) · doi:10.21611/qirt.2014.141 · Cited by 2
“During the rest and recovery period participants stood still in front of the camera, and during the activity period subject were instructed to ride a stationary bicycle continuously in a low to moderate physical strain with the heart rate (HR) of 65 (±5) % (117-136 HR) of a maximal heart rate (193-195 HR) predicted by…”
MethodHeart Rate Balancing for Multiplayer Exergames
Stach, T. (2012) · Cited by 2
Importance of Determining Maximal Heart Rate for Providing a Standardized Training Stimulus
Pesta, D. H., & Burtscher, M. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7347 · Cited by 2
Surawicz, B., & Tavel, M. E. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-141603774-3.10010-3 · Cited by 2
EFEITO DE DIFERENTES PROTOCOLOS DE RECUPERAÇÃO SOBRE A FUNÇÃO AUTONÔMICA CARDÍACA
Garcia, G. L., Porto, L. G. G., Fontana, K. E., Gomes, C. J., Junqueira, L. F., & Molina, G. E. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220172301161201 · Cited by 2
Ferrar, K., Smith, A. E., & Davison, K. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.7242 · Cited by 2
Feitoza, M. D. S., de Melo, J. R., Medeiros, W. M., Cucato, G. G., Stelmach, R., Cukier, A., Carvalho, C. R. F., & Mendes, F. A. R. (2017) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-6574201700030012 · Cited by 3
Utilidad práctica de la monitorización de la frecuencia cardiaca durante el ejercicio físico
Povea, C., & Cabrera, A. (2018) · Revista Colombiana de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.rccar.2018.05.001 · Cited by 2
Deresz, L. F., Karsten, M., Corrêa, I. F., Sonza, A., Ikeda, M. L. R., da Silva, C. S., & Lago, P. D. (2018) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.1836132.066 · Cited by 2
“7×age)] (Tanaka et al., 2001) and/ or a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of at least 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialAzam, M., Lestari, S., Rahayu, S. R., et al. (2019) · The Indonesian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.18585/inabj.v11i1.560 · Cited by 2
Motor performance according to physical activity levels
Podstawski, R., Żurek, P., Clark, C. C. T., Choszcz, D. J., Kusińska, E., & Omelan, A. A. (2019) · Pure (Coventry University) · Cited by 2
Systolic Blood Pressure Responses in Relation to Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Young Adults
Dimkpa, U., Blessing, O. C., Maduka, S. O., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-8.2.55 · Cited by 2
Larsen, A.-I. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319872690 · Cited by 2
“7 age, yielding a more precise estimate of HRmax over a wide age range.(16) The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) investigators found that HRmax was univariately explained by the formula 211 – 0.”
Kozlov, S. G., Чернова, О. В., Шитов, В. Н., et al. (2019) · Kardiologiia · doi:10.18087/cardio.2019.10.n438 · Cited by 2
“Субмаксимальная возрастная ЧСС равнялась 85 % от максимальной возрастной ЧСС, которую рассчитывали по формуле 208 – (0,7 × возраст) [11].”
Quarter-mile walk test sensitive to training-induced fitness changes
Papini, G. B., Carder, C., Lightfoot, C. J., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09445-3 · Cited by 2
Makkai, L. F. C. (2009) · Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício · doi:10.33233/rbfe.v7i2.3607 · Cited by 2
The Effects of 8 Weeks Pilates, Walking, and Combined Pilates and Walking on Heart Arrhythmia
Niya, S. H., Vahidian-Rezazadeh, M., & Mokarrar, H. H. (2019) · Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/zjrms.92708 · Cited by 2
“To determine the severity of activities (60% to 70 % maximal heart rate), we used the maximum heart rate formula (12).”
MethodApproximate Approach to Finding Generic Utility of Sequential Patterns
Wiktorski, T., & Lin, J. C. (2019) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw.2019.00148 · Cited by 2
Takayama, N., Kuwana, T., 玉田卓也, et al. (2020) · Journal of Agricultural Meteorology · doi:10.2480/agrmet.d-19-00025 · Cited by 2
“The MHR was calculated using the following equation (Tanaka et al., 2001), because the commonly used formula of MHR = 220－age does not have a strong basis (Robert and Roberto, 2002): MHR = 207－0.7×age (42) where age is the age of the subject (i.e., 21 years).”
MethodInfluentialA 30-min test applied to stand-up paddleboarding: A pilot study
Neiva, H. P., Faíl, L. B., & Marinho, D. A. (2020) · doi:10.14198/jhse.2020.15.proc4.35 · Cited by 2
“The predicted maximal heart rate (208 - 0.7 x age) was estimated according to the procedures suggested elsewhere (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialBahreini, A., Akbarpour, M., Fathi, R., & Goldashti, H. (2021) · شهباز. · doi:10.61186/mlj.15.3.33 · Cited by 2
Acute increase in arterial stiffness after swimming in cooler water
Hayashi, S., & Otsuki, T. (2021) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12717 · Cited by 2
Cazal, M. D. M., Alfenas, R. D. C. G., Pelúzio, M. D. C. G., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2021) · RICYDE Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.5232/ricyde2021.06504 · Cited by 1
The effects of active vs. passive recovery on riding performance during a simulated motocross race
Olle-Casanovas, A., & Ahtiainen, J. P. (2021) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-65742021002221 · Cited by 2
Corrêa, R. F., Vieira, J. G., & Dias, M. R. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.26e0222 · Cited by 3
Kubis, H., Albelwi, T. A., & Rogers, R. D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257953 · Cited by 2
“HRmax was calculated via 220 –age = HRmax which is suitable for the recruited age group [61].”
MethodShah, M., Gloeckner, A., Bailey, S., ADAMS-HUET, B. A., Kreutzer, A., Cheek, D. J., Willis, J. L., & Mitchell, J. B. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1982497 · Cited by 2
“This corresponded with an intensity of 70.3 ± 4.5% of adjusted age predicted maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialPostexercise hypotension in men with parental history of hypertension: effects of mode and intensity
LEAL, J. M., & VECCHIO, F. B. D. (2022) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12062-6 · Cited by 5
IoT and Reality Mining for Real-Time Disease Prediction
Asri, H. (2022) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90083-0_7 · Cited by 3
Effect of maturation on parasympathetic modulation during exercise and recovery
Guilkey, J. P., Dykstra, B. J., Erichsen, J. M., Heidorn, C. E., & Mahon, A. D. (2022) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.1080/14017431.2022.2035809 · Cited by 2
COMBINING DIFFERENT CONCURRENT TRAINING METHODS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Silva, M. A. R. D., de França, E., Baptista, L. C. P., Neves, R. S., Loureiro, H., Caperuto, É. C., Veríssimo, M. T., & Martins, R. A. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-8692202228042020_0122 · Cited by 2
Low-Intensity Resistance Training Improves Flow-Mediated Dilation in Young Hispanic Adults
Briceño-Torres, J. M., Carpio‐Rivera, E., Herrera, A. S., Forsse, J. S., Grandjean, P. W., & Moncada‐Jiménez, J. (2022) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004273 · Cited by 2
Klotzbier, T. J., Park, S. Y., Blümer, V., & Schott, N. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2104122 · Cited by 2
“7× age) [59], Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated by sex using the following formulas over duration (factor T) from the Bruce protocol: VO2max = 14.”
BackgroundMethodModeling and Recognition of Movement-Inducing Fatigue State Based on ECG Signal
Liu, J., Zeng, J., Wang, Z., et al. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13822-5_61 · Cited by 2
Functional capacity and quality of life in patients with vascular ring
Nir, V., Bentur, L., Zucker‐Toledano, M., et al. (2022) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.26112 · Cited by 2
Fitness, performance, and cardiac autonomic responses to exercise in people with epilepsy
van den Bongard, F., Coenen, J., & Reinsberger, C. (2022) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108869 · Cited by 4
Assessment of Workers’ Body Temperature and Workload in Tomato Production Greenhouse Work
Silalahi, R. L. R., Ushada, M., Fallah, M. A. F., et al. (2017) · Agroindustrial Journal · doi:10.22146/aij.v3i1.25029 · Cited by 2
Ojeda, Á. H., Guerra, M. R., Román, W. C., Yeomans‐Cabrera, M., & Fuentes-Kloss, R. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.14060 · Cited by 3
Matsuo, T., So, R., & Murai, F. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05113-z · Cited by 2
Effect of Twelve Week Hypergravity Training on Sprinting Speed of the Cricketers
Ghosh, S. S., Roy, P., Biswas, R., & Biswas, B. (2022) · International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.3p.64 · Cited by 2
“Maximum Heart Rate (HRmax) estimation: For estimating maximum heart rate a regression equation developed through the prediction of age (Tanaka et al., 2001) was used as shown below: Rmax= 208-0.”
MethodInfluentialRespuesta fisiológica al test de lanzadera en pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica
Kalazich-Rosales, M., Mautner-Molina, C., Fuentes-Leal, F., et al. (2022) · Ciencias de la actividad física · doi:10.29035/rcaf.23.2.8 · Cited by 2
Hashitomi, T., Hoshi, D., Tarumi, T., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.12.59 · Cited by 2
Sant’Ana, L. D. O., Monteiro, D., Budde, H., Ribeiro, A. A. D. S., Vieira, J. G., Monteiro, E. R., Scartoni, F. R., Machado, S. E. D. C., & Vianna, J. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095619 · Cited by 3
“Intensities were controlled by calculations based on the maximum heart rate (HRmax) [50], adjusted with the reserve heart rate [51].”
MethodLeopold, E., Tuller, T., & Scheinowitz, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283630 · Cited by 1
“We have used data taken from maximal incremental CPET and adjusted the data to create a new data-set which represent a standard, submaximal and maximal (age predicted [19]) GXT.”
InfluentialTian, S., Mou, H., & Qiu, F. (2023) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2216207 · Cited by 2
“…achieved at least two of the three following criteria: (a) a plateau in heart rate resulting in no longer rising with an increase in workload, (b) a peak HR ≥ age-predicted HR max (208 − (0.7 × age)) (Mahon et al., 2010; Tanaka et al., 2001), and (c) Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) ≥ 17.”
InfluentialBaldassarre, G., Azzini, V., Zuccarelli, L., Degano, C., Graniero, F., Plett, G., Floreani, M., Lazzer, S., Mos, L., & Grassi, B. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003230 · Cited by 3
“As expected, HR peak was significantly lower in BB than in no-BB, both when the variable was expressed in breaths per minute or in percentage of the age-predicted maximum values (calculated as 208 − 0.7 · age [23]).”
InfluentialSongsorn, P., Khantakas, P., Penpitakbut, P., Ratsameamonrat, R., & Patavee, P. (2023) · Asian Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5812/asjsm-131764 · Cited by 2
“The age-predicted maximal HR was calculated using Tanaka’s formula (32).”
MethodOsailan, A., Metsios, G. S., Duda, J. L., Kitas, G. D., Zanten, J. V., & Elnaggar, R. K. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12237256 · Cited by 3
“Age-related changes in the ANS and the sinoatrial node are linked to a decrease in the maximum heart rate and chronotropic incompetence [12].”
BackgroundChmielecki, A., Bortnik, K., Gałczyński, S., Kopacz, K., Padula, G., Jerczyńska, H., Stawski, R. S., & Nowak, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1186296 · Cited by 2
“Three criteria had to be met to determine the VO 2 max: (A) a plateau in the O2 consumption despite an increase in running velocity, (B) a respiratory exchange ratio higher than 1.10, and (C) a peak heart rate higher than 90% of the age-predicted maximum (220-age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialRebalka, I. A., Noguchi, K. S., Bulyovsky, K. R., Badour, M. I., Juracic, E. S., Barrett, K., Brahmbhatt, A. N., Al‐Khazraji, B. K., Punthakee, Z., Perry, C. G. R., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303448 · Cited by 3
“Thereafter, participants will be instructed to engage in at least 150 minutes of MVPA, defined as above 64% of peak heart rate (HR peak ), derived from a published equation for maximal heart rate (i.e., HR peak = 208 –[0.7 * age]) [19].”
MethodInfluentialGentilin, A. (2024) · Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité · doi:10.1051/sm/2024013 · Cited by 2
Sigmoidal heart rate response pattern during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure
Izumida, T., Imamura, T., Kataoka, N., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00397.2024 · Cited by 2
‘Effects of dehydration on central blood pressure in young healthy adults’
Giddings, M., Auringer, J. P., Meier, N. F., Lefferts, E. C., Wang, C., & Kane‐Barnese, L. (2024) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12902 · Cited by 3
“Heart rate was continuously monitored (Tanaka et al., 2001) (Polar, Kempele, Finland, EU).”
Using antecedent aerobic exercise to decrease stereotypic behavior in children with autism
Mays, M. N. M. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/4851623 · Cited by 2
Exercise Physiology for Graded Exercise Testing: A Primer for the Primary Care Clinician
O’Connor, F. G., Kunar, M. T., & Deuster, P. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76597-6_1 · Cited by 2
“Therefore, although the age-predicted maximum heart rate is a useful measurement for an initial estimation, the large standard deviation limits the usefulness of this parameter in estimating the exact age-predicted maximum for an individual patient [ 28 ].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGarcía-Concepción, M. A., Peinado, A. B., Hernández, V. P., & Alvero‐Cruz, J. R. (2015) · Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte · doi:10.15366/rimcafd2015.58.010 · Cited by 2
“Consistió en realizar 8 minutos de carrera continua a una intensidad del 60-70% de la FC máxima teórica (FCMT), que se calculó utilizando la ecuación de Tanaka 2001 (FCMT = 208,75-0,73*Edad) (23, 24) y 8 minutos de estiramientos estáticos, realizando 3”
BackgroundSoori, R., Asad, M., Barahouei-Jamar, Z., et al. (2016) · KAUMS Journal · Cited by 2
Oyeyemi, A. Y., Ewah, P. A., & Oyeyemi, A. L. (2015) · International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health · Cited by 2
Running economy in elite soccer and futsal players: differences among positions on the field
Silva, P. R. S., Greve, J. M. D., & Pedrinelli, A. (2017) · Medical Express · doi:10.5935/medicalexpress.2017.06.02 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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