The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Eggert, E., Gunga, H.-C., Sie, A. B., Ouèrmi, L., Ouédraogo, W. A., Kwaro, D., Sauerborn, R., Bunker, A., Barteit, S., Bärnighausen, T., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101344 · Cited by 1
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“The goals of HIT were to maximize stepping practice in variable contexts while targeting > 70% HR reserve using age-predicted maximum HR (HR max ; 208 − [0.7 × age] 35 ) and the Karvonen formula (70% HR reserve = 0.70 × [HR max − resting HR] + resting HR).”
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Herráiz-Adillo, Á., Rådholm, K., Iredahl, F., Carlhäll, C., Roemkens, N., Forsgren, M. F., Leinhard, O. D., Lundberg, P., Kechagias, S., Dahlström, N., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0339364 · Cited by 1
“…Tanaka’s formula; predicted maximal heart rate = 208 − 0.7 × age), as those may indicate insufficient effort and affect test validity (n = 79) [34], and ii) considering different cut-offs to dichotomize the outcomes in ROC curves, specifically all Z-scores for the outcomes were dichotomized…”
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“The criteria used were as follows: (1) failure to maintain a pedal rate greater than 50 rpm, (2) RER ≥ 1.1, and (3) peak HR ≥ 85% of age-predicted maximal (208–0.7 × age) (22).”
InfluentialKızılca, S., Kahraman, M. Z., Okut, S., Arslan, E., Bilici, Ö. F., Çelik, İ., İşlen, T., Altıntaş, S., & Bilici, M. F. (2026) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-026-01560-9 · Cited by 2
“The Tanaka model [33] was used to estimate HR_max, which is considered more accurate than the traditional “220 − age” formula for younger populations, and is defined as HR_max = 208 − (0.7 × age).”
InfluentialBoobani, B., Grants, J., Saulīte, S., et al. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14020046 · Cited by 1
“All training was performed at approximately 85% of predicted maximal heart rate, monitored via pulse oximetry and estimated using established age-based equations [48].”
Measuring football fever through wearable technology
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“Given the established link between age and heart rate 13,14 , we incorporated personal characteristics within category (1) of the survey.”
Cao, L., Dong, X., Qi, K., Zhou, C., & Chen, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1760046 · Cited by 1
Santamaría, G., Nieto, N. R., Mielgo, R. C., Miguel, A. M., Cacharro, L. M., Mielgo‐Ayuso, J., & Fernández‐Lázaro, D. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14040552 · Cited by 1
“Maximum HR (Hrmax) was estimated using the Tanaka equation (Hrmax = 208 − 0.7 × age) [44].”
InfluentialAcute cardiovascular changes following heat exposure during simulated shipboard firefighting
Sweet, D. K., Lavoie, E. M., Hess, H. W., et al. (2026) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092779 · Cited by 1
“…and HR (Polar ElectroInc.,Bethpage,NY,USA)weremeasuredimmediatelyfollowing completion of echocardiography before, after and 1 h after the SBFFP. Additionally, HR was also monitored throughout SBFFP and peak HR was recorded as percentage age-predicted maximum (% HR Max ) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Ginoux, C., Stubbs, B., Herring, M. P., Abdullah, M. F. I. L. B., & Legrand, F. D. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121618 · Cited by 1
Podstawski, R., Borysławski, K., Snarska, J., Szabó, A., Jurewicz, P., & Ihász, F. (2026) · Biomedical Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/bhk-2026-0007 · Cited by 1
“Individuals with class 1 obesity are not able to achieve the HR max values consistent with those of healthy persons (Oja, 1995; Podstawski et al., 2024; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Elliott, A. S., Regodón-Virgos, B., Cordellat, A., Stern, E., Capilla, A., Moreno‐Fernández, R. D., & Sampedro‐Piquero, P. (2026) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174190 · Cited by 1
Hefied, Y. K., Aribi, D., Demesure, G., & El-Haouzi, H. B. (2026) · Computers & Industrial Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cie.2026.111997 · Cited by 2
Huang, H., Jiang, H., Huang, H., Li, S., & Liu, S. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14070864 · Cited by 1
“…subjects continued to perform the testing until they achieved one of the following criteria, which were considered as having fatigue: 1 ⃝ cannot run or stopping by participants themselves or 2 ⃝ HR of 92% of HRmax (calculated using the formula: 220 − 0.78 × age) [21,22], or 3 ⃝ RPE ≥ 18 score [23].”
InfluentialCouto, N. M. D. S., Bernal, J. V. M., Facioli, T. D. P., et al. (2026) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk11020149 · Cited by 1
“…of persistent arrhythmias during exercise, absence of an increase or a decrease in SBP during exertion, or attainment of submaximal heart rate (HR), defined as 90% of HR reserve calculated by subtracting resting HR from the estimated maximal HR determined by the equation 208 − (0.7 × age) [30].”
InfluentialYoshida, E., Hayashida, H., Lu, T.-L., Seki, Y., & Suzuki, K. (2026) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70850 · Cited by 1
“%) of the age-predicted maximal heart rate, calculated using the Equation 208 − (0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001), and the wattage of the cycle ergometer was adjusted while heart rate was monitored in real time using a heart rate monitor (H10 N, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) attached to the…”
InfluentialEhnes, C. M., Collins, S. É., Brotto, A. R., Fuhr, D. P., Thompson, S., van Diepen, S., & Stickland, M. K. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp290438 · Cited by 1
“…of the following criteria were met: volitional exhaustion, respiratory exchange ratio in excess of 1.1, a plateau in oxygen consumption ± 100 mL . min − 1 with a concomitant increase in power output, or attainment of age-predicted maximal heart rate (Stickland et al., 2012; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialTang, D., Gou, P.-P., Liu, S.-F., Zhang, X., Li, D., & Liu, J. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27310-7 · Cited by 2
“HR max was estimated using the age-predicted formula HR max = 208 − 0.7 × age , which has demonstrated accuracy in populations similar to the present sample [65, 66].”
InfluentialAtashak, S., Stannard, S. R., Guerra-Balic, M., Montané, J., Oviedo, G. R., Santamaría, G., Roche, E., Mielgo‐Ayuso, J., Miguel, A. M., Fernández‐Lázaro, D., et al. (2026) · Exploration of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases · doi:10.37349/eemd.2026.101469 · Cited by 1
Wang, M., Teng, H., & Jeon, M. (2026) · IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors · doi:10.1080/24725838.2026.2665228 · Cited by 1
Seddik, M., Dhahbi, W., Bessifi, M., Moussa-Chamari, I., Ceylan, H. İ., Ceylan, N. B., Muntean, R. I., Čular, D., & Souissi, N. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16060922 · Cited by 2
“Recording commenced at match onset and ended at the final whistle; the %HRavg was computed across this match epoch exclusively, with the pre-match warm-up period excluded from the analysis [36].”
Healthy effects of proper physical activity
Vinco, A. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-02289-z · Cited by 1
“The formula that is suggested for practical purposes considers the heart rate reserve [55, 56] is: target Heart Rate = [(Max HR − Resting HR) · % Target Intensity] + Resting HR. Max HR is the maximum heart rate value achieved during maximal exercise; it can be estimated: 208 − (0.7 · age) [56].”
InfluentialPerceived physical exertion in senior workers performing heavy manual tasks
Stjernbrandt, A., Öhrner, P., Tornevi, A., et al. (2026) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxag054 · Cited by 1
“Maximum HR was calculated as follows: 208 − 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialErlandson, K. M., Gustafson, L., Johnson, J. E., Ditzenberger, G. L., Khuu, V., Chahal, N., Walpert, A. R., Galdamez, M. E., Zorgno, I., Foldyna, B., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-120740 · Cited by 1
Body fat, skin tone, and the accuracy of smartwatch caloric expenditure estimates
Kostrna, J. R., Oparina, E., Palacios, C. S., Rodriguez, A. J., Pei, J., Ajmal, A., & Ramella‐Roman, J. C. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353261 · Cited by 3
“Cycling intensity alternated between moderate (64–76% of maximum heart rate) and vigorous (77–95% of maximum heart rate), with maximum heart rate estimated using the Tanaka formula (HRmax = 208–0.7 × age) [17].”
InfluentialMoscatelli, F., Monda, V., Marra, M. L., Messina, A., Monda, A., Casillo, M., Mancini, N., Maio, G. D., Marsala, G., Messina, G., et al. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14080351 · Cited by 3
“Maximum heart rate (HRmax) was estimated using the age-predicted equation proposed by Tanaka et al. (208 − 0.7 × age), which has been shown to provide improved accuracy compared to traditional predictive formulas [13].”
InfluentialD’Souza, A. W., Brotto, A. R., Williams, T. G., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp291422 · Cited by 1
“…by meeting three of four standard criteria: (1) volitional exhaustion, (2) a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > 1.1, (3) increases in oxygen consumption < 100mL/min with an increase in workload and/or (4) reaching age-predicted maximum heart rate (Stickland et al., 2012; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
InfluentialPrinciples of Exercise Training
Fleck, S. J. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-302-8_7 · Cited by 1
Exercise intolerance in peripheral arterial disease
Askew, C. D. (2002) · Cited by 1
Exercício físico no tratamento da hipertensão: A propósito de um caso
Familiar, I. D. M. G. E., da Cruz-Ferreira, A. M., Loureiro, E. R., & Familiar, I. D. M. G. E. (2013) · Revista Portuguesa de Clínica Geral · doi:10.32385/rpmgf.v29i2.11061 · Cited by 1
Muyor, J. M., Vaquero‐Cristóbal, R., Alacid, F., et al. (2015) · Revista de psicología del deporte · Cited by 1
Effect of lung transplantation on heart rate response to exercise
Armstrong, H. F., González‐Costello, J., Thirapatarapong, W., et al. (2015) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.01.014 · Cited by 1
Characterization and Risk of Maximal Head-Out Aquatic Exercises
Gonçalves, I. O., Figueiredo, P., Vilas‐Boas, J. P., Fernandes, R. J., & Soares, S. M. (2012) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x01205010134 · Cited by 1
Teste de esforco cardiopulmonar na insuficiencia cardiaca de fracao de ejecao normal
Teixeira, J. A. C., Teixeira, P. S., Miranda, S. M., Messias, L. R., Cascon, R. M., da Costa, W. L. B., Dias, K. P., Jorge, J. G., da Nóbrega, A. C. L., & Araújo, D. V. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922014000100008 · Cited by 1
A quantification of the treadmill 6-min walk test using the MyWellness Key™ accelerometer
Sparks, S. A., & Hilton, N. P. (2014) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2013.09.005 · Cited by 1
The application of maximal heart rate predictive equations in hypoxic conditions
Rue, C. A., Willems, M. E. T., Lewis, M. P., & Myers, S. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3007-6 · Cited by 1
“The equations compared used mainly cycling protocols (Jones 1988; Jones et al. 1985; Ricard et al. 1990), with some using a combination of the treadmill and cycling protocols (Fox et al. 1971; Tanaka et al. 1991, 2001).”
MethodComputational Hemodynamic Modeling of the Cardiovascular System
Talaminos, A., Roa, L. M., Álvarez, A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of System Dynamics Applications · doi:10.4018/ijsda.2014040106 · Cited by 1
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF ADULT DAY CENTRE EXERCISE PROGRAMS
Williams, L. J. (2006) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
Gazale, G., & Piredda, B. G. (2010) · Giornale italiano di cardiologia · Cited by 1
Exercise as Medicine for Cardiac Patients
Parker, B. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5650-7_14 · Cited by 1
Consentino, C. L. M., Alle, L. F., da Silva, L. R., Lopes, W. A., Tureck, L. V., Milano, G. E., Lazarotto, L., Cavaglieri, C. R., & Leite, N. (2015) · Revista Paulista de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.rpped.2015.06.002 · Cited by 1
Heart rate response to different training phases in young female acrosport athletes
Limonta, E., Cavagna, M., Venturelli, M., et al. (2015) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-015-0249-6 · Cited by 1
“where HRex was the average HR during a specific training phase, and HRmax was the theoretical maximum HR calculated with the equation proposed by Tanaka and colleagues [14].”
MethodNew Formula Estimates Maximal Heart Rate
Schnirring, L. (2001) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2001.07.846 · Cited by 1
Estimation of the maximal heart rate to improve online tonic-clonic seizure detection using ECG
Cooman, T. D., de Vel, A. V., Ceulemans, B., et al. (2015) · Computing in cardiology · doi:10.1109/cic.2015.7411076 · Cited by 1
“In [5], a threshold on the HR is set by estimating the maximal HR of the patient by only using the patient’s age as described in [6].”
MethodEl ciclo indoor como actividad física saludable
Villalba, C. B. (2011) · Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes · doi:10.55166/reefd.v0i394.221 · Cited by 1
So–In, C., Phaudphut, C., Rujirakul, K., et al. (2013) · Journal of Convergence Information Technology · doi:10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue11.54 · Cited by 1
“7 × age) [27].”
BackgroundChanges During Passive Recovery In Lower Limbs Tiredness After Strenuous Workout
Ph.D. Scholar, L. N. I. P. E., Mondal, S., & Sarkar, L. N. (2013) · IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education · doi:10.9790/6737-0124245 · Cited by 1
Chronotropic Incompetence Precedes Silent Pulmonary Embolism
Mahadevan, K., Silverman, L. M., & Becker, D. M. (2014) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000033 · Cited by 1
Manuela, C., Nascimento, C. G., Ayán, C., Carral, J. M. C., Pereira, J. R., de Andrade, L. P., Garuffi, M., Gobbi, S., & Stella, F. (2013) · Cited by 1
Vieillissement et activité physique
Depiesse, F. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-70215-0.00019-3 · Cited by 1
Teta, K., Teta, J., & Esposito, R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-43044-9.00036-4 · Cited by 2
Maia, F. E. S., Gomes, J. L. D. B., Neco, P. E. C., de Medeiros, F. L., Toscano, L. T., & Brito, A. D. F. (2015) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 1
Measurement of Functional Capacity Requirements of Farmers
Jordan, S. L., Karcher, J., Rogers, R., et al. (2016) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000218 · Cited by 1
Towards a Human Machine Interface Concept for Performance Improvement of Cycling
Bastawisy, M. E., Reichardt, D. M., & Abdennadher, S. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50182-6_39 · Cited by 1
Cardiovascular demands and training load during a Zumba ® session in healthy adult women
Marques, E. A., Ferreira, J. P., Carvalho, J., & Figueiredo, P. (2017) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2017.08.002 · Cited by 2
Aweto, H. A., Akinbo, S., & Olawale, O. A. (2018) · African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.4314/ajprs.v8i1-2.1 · Cited by 1
“Resting rate pressure product (RRPP) is the product of RSBP and HR@rest while 2VO max was calculated with the formula: (Uth et al, 2005) Aerobic exercise at moderate intensity for subjects in group A was the equivalent of their target heart rate (THR) and was calculated using the Karvonen formula: THR = 0.6 (MHR !”
InfluentialJohnson, C. D. (2018) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Intensidade de esforço realizado durante partidas amistosas de Futebol 7
Neto, R. B., Nunes, R. F. H., Arins, F. B., Coelho, T. M., Dittrich, N., dos Santos, P. C., de Lucas, R. D., & Guglielmo, L. G. A. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte · doi:10.11606/1807-5509201700040767 · Cited by 1
Heart Rate Equivalency of the Fitbit Charge HR During Continuous Aerobic Exercise
Stock, J. M., Pohlig, R. T., Botieri, M. J., Edwards, D. G., & Dominick, G. M. (2018) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2018-0009 · Cited by 1
Toma, G. D., Pacelli, M., Paradiso, R., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857690 · Cited by 1
(2019) · International Journal of Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke · doi:10.29011/2688-8734.100018 · Cited by 1
Perandini, L. A., Dassouki, T., Roschel, H., Gualano, B., de Sá‐Pinto, A. L., & Lima, F. R. (2014) · Revista Paulista de Reumatologia · doi:10.46833/reumatologiasp.2014.13.3.11-27 · Cited by 1
Effects of Acute Moderate Intensity Exercise on Emotion Based on beta Power in EEG
Gao, P., Long, Z., Xiao, Z., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1145/3374587.3374619 · Cited by 1
Airsoft: an efficient and motivating cardiovascular training choice
Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Sánchez-Molina, J., & Clemente‐Suárez, V. J. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11167-8 · Cited by 1
Ebisuzaki, B. T., Riemen, N. D., Bettencourt, K., González, L. M., Bennion, K. A., & Greever, C. (2020) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/etcn8318 · Cited by 1
“7 * age (32) may be a more valid estimate of maximal heart rate in a preadolescent population (22).”
BackgroundResultDeveloping speed qualities in youth athletes
Wilson, J., Sup, M., Wilson, M., Maillet, M.-A., & Mekary, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-7489-9.00033-8 · Cited by 1
Relationship between rescue distance and the quality of simulated CPR: a pilot study with lifeguards
Ruibal-Lista, B., García, J. E. M., & López-García, S. (2021) · Signa Vitae · doi:10.22514/sv.2021.044 · Cited by 1
“The maximum heart rate of each participant was calculated following the equation of Tanaka [17], designed for active adults.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYalçınkaya, N., Çetin, O., Beyleroğlu, M., et al. (2020) · Progress in nutrition · doi:10.23751/pn.v22i1-s.9762 · Cited by 1
Effect of Unaware Clock Manipulation on Pacing Strategy and Performance in Recreational Athletes
Terra, A., Paulucio, D., Machado, M., et al. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11178062 · Cited by 1
Júnior, J. C. N. N., de Andrade, A. D., Souza, A. K. F., et al. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício · doi:10.33233/rbfex.v20i3.4244 · Cited by 1
Efeitos dos jogos reduzidos no consumo de oxigênio, agilidade e atenção concentrada no futebol
Silva, A. D. S. E., de Oliveira, J. J., Mereu, G. P., et al. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício · doi:10.33233/rbfex.v20i3.4334 · Cited by 1
Dykstra, R. M., Thomson, A., & Hanson, N. (2021) · Research Directs in Health Sciences · doi:10.53520/rdhs2021.10414 · Cited by 1
Morita, I., Yamaguchi, A., & Suda, T. (2006) · Bulletin of Glaciological Research · Cited by 1
Obstacle course activity in soldiers impedes recall but not learning of a read text
Martin, B. C. W. (2021) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2021.2002104 · Cited by 1
“The mean level of exertion for the current experiment was 83% MHR using Tanaka’s age-predicted heart rate formula (MHR = BPM/(208-age*0.7)) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialHigh intensity interval training program in the aquatic environment (HIITAQ) in obese teens
Lopes, M. D. F. A., Bento, P. C. B., & Leite, N. (1989) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3238 · Cited by 1
Zamora, A. A. C., Castro, N. A. B., Félix, H. D., & de la Cruz, M. (2022) · Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte · doi:10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i1.13964 · Cited by 1
Román, P. Á. L., Martínez-Redondo, M., Sánchez, J. S., Consuegra-González, P. J., Cachadiña, E. S., Aragón‐Vela, J., & MONTILLA, J. A. P. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9050654 · Cited by 2
“In contrast to adults and children or adolescent populations [52,53], data regarding the HRmax prediction in preschool children are unknown.”
ResultBigliassi, M., dos Santos, E. S. L., Kanthack, T. F. D., Bortolotti, H., & Altimari, L. R. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/2317-1634.2012v17n6p532 · Cited by 1
Marzlin, K. M., & Webner, C. L. (2019) · AACN Advanced Critical Care · doi:10.4037/aacnacc2019182 · Cited by 1
Alali, M. H., Lucas, R. A. I., Junejo, R. T., & Fisher, J. P. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04963-x · Cited by 1
An Ergonomic Intervention to Redesign Fish Smoking Device of Home Industry
Hutagalung, R., Lawalata, V. O., & Hattu, N. (2022) · Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri · doi:10.23917/jiti.v21i1.17434 · Cited by 1
Meixner, F., & Herbert, C. (2022) · Open Psychology · doi:10.1515/psych-2022-0010 · Cited by 1
da Luz, S. R., Silva, B. F., Moreira, A., Machado, F. A., Peres, S. B., & de Moraes, S. M. F. (2022) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-657420220018221 · Cited by 2
Effectiveness of smart wrist wearables for distinguishing physical and cognitive demands
Cha, J. S., Ausri, F., Mudge, L., & Yu, D. (2022) · IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering · doi:10.1080/24725579.2022.2142867 · Cited by 1
“Max HR was calculated as 220 minus the participant’s age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodThemistocleous, I.-C., Petros, A., & Stefanakis, M. (2022) · International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine · doi:10.23937/2469-5718/1510237 · Cited by 1
“Exercise intensity was set as a percentage of maximum HR. Maximum HR (HRmax) was predicted from the 208-(0.7 x age) equation [39].”
MethodInfluentialAlrajhi, H. I., Almutairi, A. B., & Alrowayeh, H. N. (2022) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-022-00206-9 · Cited by 1
“Calculating HRmax using an equation based on age is valid, however, it does not provide optimum results, and, depending on factors such as age or disease, could miscalculate intensity [25, 34].”
MethodSridhar, S., Raj, M. G., & Aruna, M. (2022) · Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India) Series D · doi:10.1007/s40033-022-00433-y · Cited by 1
“The MHR of an individual can be theoretically found using the empirical relationship [28]: The working VO 2 of an individual is estimated using the expression [26]: *Sex = 1 for male and 0 for female where WHR = working heart rate.”
MethodEffects of Moderate-to-Vigorous Acute Exercise on Conscious Perception and Visual Awareness
Zhang, B., Meng, X., Yu, Y., Han, Y., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2023.2168602 · Cited by 1
“HR reserve was calculated as “maximal HR—resting HR”, with“maximal HR” estimated with the following formula: 208 0.7 age (Ht et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialMagal, M., Franklin, B. A., Dwyer, G. B., & Riebe, D. A. (2023) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000847 · Cited by 1
Römer, C., & Wolfarth, B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054641 · Cited by 1
Saidi, O., Chatain, C., Sordo, G. C. D., Demaria, R., Lequin, L., Rochette, E., Larribaut, J., Gruet, M., & Duché, P. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081962 · Cited by 1
Lanza, F. C., dos Santos, J., Selman, J. P., et al. (2023) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.002 · Cited by 1
Löllgen, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65165-0_8 · Cited by 1
Legacy Effect of Endurance Training in a Sexagenarian Heart Transplant Recipient: A Case Report
Lankford, D. M., Cummings, D. M., Evans, C. M., et al. (2023) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000001089 · Cited by 1
Mittal, S. R. (2023) · Open Access Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.23880/oajc-16000177 · Cited by 1
ActivE3: Fostering Social Inclusion Through Collaborative Physical and Cognitive Exercise
Spoladore, D., Mahroo, A., Colombo, V. M., & Sacco, M. (2023) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42622-3_36 · Cited by 1
Yoshioka, M., Kaneko, T., Yoneko, K., Matsui, M., Mori, S., Nishitani, N., Wenxing, Q., Ouchi, K., Yasuda, R., Namatame, H., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41669-2 · Cited by 1
“< 15 years 5 (25) 8 (40) 7 (37) 8 (42) ≥ 15 years 7 (35) 10 (50) 5 (26) 6 (32) Missing 2 (10) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (5) Living arrangement, n (%) 0.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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