Cited by 1,279Impact of Technology on AdolescentsSexuality, Behavior, and TechnologyGender and Technology in Education

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Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: development of a theory-based cognitive–behavioral measurement instrument

Caplan, Scott E·2002·Computers in Human Behavior

DOI 10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00004-3

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“, 2012; Quinones & Kakabadse, 2015), which was related to lower perceived social support and self-esteem (Caplan, 2002).”
Background
Using Theoretical Models of Problematic Internet Use to Inform Psychological Formulation: A Systematic Scoping Review
Tunney, C., & Rooney, B. (2022) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045221104569 · Cited by 33
“To measure PIU Caplan (2002) designed the Generalised Problematic Internet Usage Scale (GPIUS), for which he found a 7-factor structure that closely mapped onto Davis ’ model.”
Smartphone Use and Social Media Involvement in Young Adults: Association with Nomophobia, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Self-Esteem
Vagka, E., Gnardellis, C., Lagiou, A., & Notara, V. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21070920 · Cited by 42
“These issues negatively affect an individual’s psychological, social, academic, and professional well-being [10,11].”
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Psychological Effects of Covid-19 Epidemic and Quarantine
ÖZTÜRK, İ., AKALIN, S., DOKUZLU, İ. Ö., & Şakiroğlu, M. (2020) · Journal of Turkish Studies · doi:10.7827/turkishstudies.44885 · Cited by 27
“Problemli telefon ve internet kullanımının zihinsel sağlık üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir (örn; Caplan, 2002: 553-575; Whang, Lee ve Chang , 2003: 143-150; Beranuy, Oberst, Carbonell ve Chamarro , 2009: 1182-1187; Roberts, Pullig ve Manolis , 2015: 13-19).”
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“Its protective effect may be attributed to the resultant better social competence and relations, which are negatively associated with PIU (Caplan, 2002; Engelberg & Sjöberg, 2004; Whang, Lee, & Chang, 2003).”
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Tzavela, E. C., Karakitsou, C., Halapi, E. C., & Τσίτσικα, Ά. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.032 · Cited by 35
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Alizadeh, I. (2018) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-018-9731-5 · Cited by 31
“As for the addiction code, it can be discussed that Internet addiction or pathological use of the Internet has been discussed in detail in the literature (Caplan 2002; Chou and Hsiao 2000; Davis 2001; Griffiths 2000; Widyanto and Griffiths 2006).”
Background
Mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use
Sertbaş, K., Çutuk, S., Soyer, F., Çutuk, Z. A., & AYDOĞAN, R. (2020) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi190730013s · Cited by 29
“However, in the long term, this comfortable aspect of the Internet possibly leads to excessive use and negative consequences (Caplan, 2002, 2003). For example, a study by Ko, Yen, Chen, Yeh, & Yen (2009) found that social anxiety predicted problematic Internet use (PIU).”
Background
How have excessive electronics devices and Internet uses been concerned? Implications for global research agenda from a bibliometric analysis
Tran, B. X., Ha, G. H., Vu, G. T., Hoang, C. L., Nguyen, S. H., Nguyen, C. T., Latkin, C. A., Tam, W., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00031 · Cited by 31
“The first and second publications in WOS focused on a framework for the development of cognitive-behavioral interventions for PIU (Caplan, 2002; Davis, 2001).”
Background
How Does Shyness Affect Chinese College Students' Tendency to Mobile Phone Addiction? Testing the Mediating Roles of Social Anxiety and Self-Control
Li, X., Li, W., Liu, M., Xiao, W., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.902425 · Cited by 28
Der Zusammenhang von Mobbingerfahrungen, Copingstilen und pathologischem Internetgebrauch bei Jugendlichen
Strittmatter, E., Brunner, R. M., Fischer, G., Parzer, P., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000275 · Cited by 25
Validity and Reliability Study of the Internet Addiction Test
Keser, H., Eşgi, N., Ünver, T. K., & Bulu, Ş. (2013) · Mevlana International Journal of Education · doi:10.13054/mije.13.51.3.4 · Cited by 26
The Relationship Between Compulsive Internet Use and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescence
Erceg, T., Flander, G. B., & Brezinšćak, T. (2018) · Alcoholism and Psychiatry Research · doi:10.20471/dec.2018.54.02.02 · Cited by 22
“The cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use (PIU) by Davis [34-38], views psychosocial problems as components in its etiology, suggesting that mental health difficulties make the individual more susceptible to PIU, by contributing to the development of maladaptive cognitions about self and the world, w…”
BackgroundInfluential
Loneliness and Problematic Internet Use (PIU) as Causes of Academic Procrastination
Andangsari, E. W., Djunaidi, A., Fitriana, E., & Harding, D. (2018) · International Journal of Social Science Studies · doi:10.11114/ijsss.v6i2.2834 · Cited by 29
“Some studies reported that there was a relationship between loneliness with PIU (Caplan, 2002; Morahan-Martin & Schumacher, 2003; Song, Zymslinski-Seelig, Kim, Drent, Victor, & Omori, 2014; Andangsari & Dhowi, 2016).”
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Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce internet addiction? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Xu, F. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017283 · Cited by 25
“IA was measured by adolescent pathological internet use scale,([26]) addiction components criteria,([27]) clinical symptoms of internet dependency,([28]) Chinese IA scales,([29]) Chinese IA scale revised,([30]) generalized problematic internet use scale,([31]) IA test,([32]) IA disorder diagnostic criteria,([33]) inte…”
Method
Relationship between social media addiction, game addiction and family functions
Yayman, E., & Bilgin, O. (2020) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20680 · Cited by 25
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Lin, W., & Chiao, C. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00074 · Cited by 29
“…several terms interchangeably (de Vries, Nakamae, Fukui, Denys, & Narumoto, 2018), such as excessive Internet use (Yang, Choe, Baity, Lee, & Cho, 2005), Internet addiction (Spada, 2014), or problematic Internet use (PIU) (Caplan, 2002), has gained popularity and acceptance (Laconi et al., 2018).”
Background
Careless and Random Responding on Clinical and Research Measures in the Addictions: A Concerning Problem and Investigation of their Detection
Meyer, J. F., Faust, K. A., Faust, D., Baker, A. M., & Cook, N. E. (2012) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-012-9410-5 · Cited by 25
“, Internet Addiction Test (Young 2011); Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (Caplan 2002); and Online Cognition Scale (Davis et al.”
BackgroundMethod
Motives of excessive Internet use and its impact on the academic performance of business students in Pakistan
Islam, S., Malik, M. I., Hussain, S., Ramayah, T., Shujahat, M., & Sajjad, M. (2017) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2017.1358305 · Cited by 25
“However, the repeated use of Internet leads to excessive use, usually termed as Internet addiction (Block, 2008; Young, 2004), compulsive Internet use (Meerkerk, Eijnden, & Garretsen, 2006), problematic Internet use (Caplan, 2002), and unregulated Internet usage (LaRose, Lin, & Eastin, 2003).”
Background
The reliability and validity of the 18-item long form and two short forms of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire in three Japanese samples
Lin, M., & Kim, Y. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.019 · Cited by 25
How does regular exercise affect internet addiction level in university students?
KOÇAK, Ç. V. (2018) · Physical Education of Students · doi:10.15561/20755279.2019.0404 · Cited by 24
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Ruiz, Y. P., Jiménez, A. G., & López, M. C. L. D. A. (2022) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.461771 · Cited by 31
“…que algunos individuos que se sienten solos, con ansiedad social, o que tienen deficientes habilidades sociales pueden desarrollar un POSI elevado porque perciben la interacción en línea menos amenazante y se perciben a sí mismos más eficaces socialmente cuando interactúan en línea (Caplan, 2002).”
Background
Predictiveness of Identity Status, Main Internet Use Purposes and Gender on University Students' the Problematic Internet Use
Ceyhan, E. (2010) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · Cited by 24
Adaptation française de l’échelle Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire
Kern, L., & Acier, D. (2012) · L Évolution Psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2012.07.002 · Cited by 24
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Setyawati, R., Hartini, N., & Suryanto, S. (2020) · Humaniora · doi:10.21512/humaniora.v11i3.6682 · Cited by 23
“There are many experts who define internet addiction, however, the reference of experts in defining internet addiction is basically almost the same, especially definition of behavioral addiction (Caplan, 2002).”
Background
Problematic internet gaming and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents: Moderating and mediating roles of anxiety
Xu, P., Hao, X., Luo, D., Lai, M., Sun, X., & Xu, J. (2023) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152398 · Cited by 22
Cyberbullying: Its Prevention and Intervention Strategies
Ang, R. P.-H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2425-9_3 · Cited by 23
“Both theoretical and empirical studies have linked psychopathological, psychosocial difficulties such anxiety, depression, loneliness, and shyness with problematic Internet usage (Caplan 2002; Davis 2001; Kraut et al. 1998; Morahan-Martin and Schumacher 2000).”
Background
Ability to initiate relationships and sense of loneliness mediate the relationship between low self-esteem and excessive internet use
Dembińska, A., Kłosowska, J., & Ochnik, D. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01138-9 · Cited by 27
“Unfortunately, using Internet repeatedly to alleviate loneliness may lead to excessive Internet use or development of dependence (Caplan, 2002).”
Background
An Exploratory Analysis of Different Problematic Internet Use Profiles in Cybervictims, Cyberbullies, and Cyberbully Victims
Machimbarrena, J. M., González‐Cabrera, J. M., Montiel, I., & Ortega-Barón, J. (2021) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0545 · Cited by 27
“8,9 This dysfunctional use is characterized by a preference for online social interaction and the regulation of mood through the Internet, which in turn increases the likelihood of deﬁcient self-regulation (characterized by cognitive preoccupation and compulsive Internet use) that can lead to…”
The Psychology of Interactive Media Habits
LaRose, R. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118426456.ch16 · Cited by 23
Bir Öğrenci Yurdunda Kalan Üniversite Öğrencilerindeki İnternet Bağımlılığı İle Beck Depresyon Ölçeği Arasındaki İlişki
Mayda, A. S. (2015) · Konuralp Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.18521/ktd.54108 · Cited by 22
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Lee, Y.-H., & Chen, M. (2022) · Games and Culture · doi:10.1177/15554120221097413 · Cited by 33
“For example, stress, loneliness, and family dissatisfaction are significant predictors of excessive internet usage (Caplan, 2002; Lam, Peng, Mai, & Jing, 2009).”
Background
Psychometric Properties of the Smartphone Distraction Scale in Chinese College Students: Validity, Reliability and Influencing Factors
Zhao, X., Hu, T., Qiao, G., Li, C., Wu, M., Fen, Y., & Zhou, J. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859640 · Cited by 22
“As a cognitive mechanism in a digital environment, distraction has been only partially evaluated in previous scales, such as the attention and executive function rating inventory scale (53) and problem Internet use scale (54).”
Addictive Use Due To Personality: Focused On Big Five Personality Traits And Game Addiction
Jeong, E. J., & Lee, H. R. (2015) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1107793 · Cited by 22
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Oğuz, E., & Cakir, O. (2014) · The Anthropologist · doi:10.1080/09720073.2014.11891534 · Cited by 23
“Similar results can be found in the studies conducted abroad (Caplan 2002; Morahan-Martin and Schumacher 2000).”
BackgroundResult
The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 3 Modified Version: Approbation and Validation on the Russian Sample
Gerasimova, A. A., & Холмогорова, А. Б. (2018) · Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.17759/cpp.2018260304 · Cited by 30
Problematic Technology Use and Well-Being in Adolescence: The Personal and Relational Effects of Technology
Ekşi, F., Demırcı, İ., & Tanyeri, H. (2020) · Addicta The Turkish Journal on Addictions · doi:10.5152/addicta.2020.19077 · Cited by 27
Internet addiction among Turkish young consumers
Aslanbay, Y., Aslanbay, M., & Çobanoğlu, E. (2009) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/17473610910940792 · Cited by 22
“A survey administered to US undergraduate students by Caplan (2002)”
Method
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Testing for Internet Addiction
Zhang, Y., Wang, D., Gao, X., Cai, Y., & Tu, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01010 · Cited by 25
“Unidimensionality IAT-7 and 9, GPIUS-36 and 37 and CIAT-100 Local Independency IAT-4 and Discrimination None DIF, different item function; the abbreviated content of each item can be seen in Table 5 . variance explained by the ﬁrst factor was 33.87%, and the ratio of variance explained in the ﬁrst and second factors w…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Social Media Use as Self-Therapy or Alternative Mental Help-Seeking Behavior
Gere, B., Salimi, N., & Anima-Korang, A. (2020) · IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.02 · Cited by 26
“Students can become withdrawn and dissociated from their physical environment and reality, creating an onset of mental health issues including depression and anxiety (Caplan, 2002; Valkenburg, Peter, & Schouten, 2006).”
Background
SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE, OVERLOAD AND EXHAUSTION: A PERFORMANCE PERSPECTIVE
Kamal, N., Rabbani, S., Samdani, H., Shujaat, S., & Ahmad, M. (2020) · International Review of Management and Marketing · doi:10.32479/irmm.10190 · Cited by 23
“The measurement of excessiveness of the use of social media at work is adopted from that of Caplan (2002) and Caplan and High (2006).”
Method
Problematic Internet Use among university students of Bangladesh: The predictive role of age, gender, and loneliness
Akhter, M. S., Islam, M. H., & Momen, M. N. (2020) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2020.1784346 · Cited by 22
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Werling, A. M., & Grünblatt, E. (2022) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101149 · Cited by 23
When Too Much Usage is Too Much: Exploring the Process of IT Addiction
Vaghefi, I., & Lapointe, L. (2014) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2014.553 · Cited by 23
La dépendance aux jeux vidéo sur internet : une revue systématique des recherches empiriques disponibles dans la littérature
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012) · Adolescence · doi:10.3917/ado.079.0017 · Cited by 21
“, & CAPLAN, S. E. (2008). Who plays, how much, and why ? Debunking the stereotypical gamer profile.”
Background
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Cheung, C. M. K., Lee, Z. W. Y., & Lee, M. (2013) · European Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 21
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Komnenić, D., Filipović, S., & Vukosavljević‐Gvozden, T. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.051 · Cited by 21
Internet Dependence in an Undergraduate Population
Odacı, H., & Çelik, Ç. B. (2016) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633116668644 · Cited by 21
“These include pathological Internet use (Davis, 2001; Caplan, 2002), excessive Internet use (Hansen, 2002), compulsive Internet use (Widyanto & Griffiths, 2006), high Internet dependency (Hur, 2006), and problematic Internet use (Davis, Flett, & Besser, 2002).”
Background
Ergenlik Döneminde İnternet Bağımlılığının Okul Başarısı Üzerinde Etkileri
Yavuz, O. (2018) · Opus uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi · doi:10.26466/opus.426914 · Cited by 21
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Brown, T., Stavropoulos, V., Christidi, S., Papastefanou, Y., & Matsa, K. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113789 · Cited by 21
Elaborating on Internet addiction and cyberchondria – relationships, direct and mediated effects
Ivanova, E., & Karabeliova, S. (2020) · Journal of Education Culture and Society · doi:10.15503/jecs20141.127.144 · Cited by 28
“…Internet addiction and dif- Journal of Education Culture and Society No. 1_2014 139 ferent aspects of well-being are in line with previous studies (Caplan, 2002, 2003; Morahan-Martin, & Schumacher, 2000; Armstrong, Phillips, & Saling, 2000; Young, 1998; Young, & Rodgers, 1998; Morrison, &…”
INFLUENCE OF DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM ON INTERNET ADDICTION
Jović, J., & Đinđić, N. (2011) · Acta Medica Medianae · doi:10.5633/amm.2011.0112 · Cited by 24
Prediction of Internet Addiction for Undergraduates in Hong Kong
Law, S. P.-M. (2006) · Cited by 21
Working with Adolescents Addicted to the Internet
Beard, K. W. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118013991.ch10 · Cited by 21
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Gül, Ş., & Diken, E. H. (2018) · e-Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.30900/kafkasegt.386531 · Cited by 20
Problematic Internet Use and Its Relationship with Psychological Distress, Insomnia, and Alcoholism Among Schoolteachers in Japan
Tsumura, H., Kanda, H., Sugaya, N., Tsuboi, S., Fukuda, M., & Takahashi, K. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0233 · Cited by 18
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Tezer, M. (2020) · International Journal of Special Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.18844/jeset.v6i1.5490 · Cited by 20
“Caplan (2002) put forward a new model based on the pathological internet usage model that Davis explained with a cognitive behavioural approach.”
Background
The Dark Side of the Moon
Zimanyi, Z., & Schüler, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53468-4_7 · Cited by 20
Problematic Internet Use among adolescents: Spanish validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS)
Sierra, J. O., Pérez‐Sáenz, J., Mason, O. J., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., & Fonseca‐Pedrero, E. (2022) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.1801 · Cited by 21
“PIU is defined as a generalized and compulsive use of the Internet associated with a loss of control, and negative consequences for the individual (Caplan, 2002).”
Background
Problematic Internet use and Internet gaming disorder: Overlap and relationship with health-related quality of life in adolescents
Machimbarrena, J. M., Beranuy, M., Vergara‐Moragues, E., Fernández‐González, L., Calvete, E., & González‐Cabrera, J. M. (2022) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.1494 · Cited by 28
Investigating the Association Between Adolescent Internet Addiction and Parental Attitudes
BİLGE, M., Uçan, G., & Baydur, H. (2022) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2022.1605065 · Cited by 20
“Adolescents are more vulnerable to the negative effects of the internet leading to addiction because of the ongoing cognitive, emotional, and social development processes [4, 20, 23, 24].”
Background
Adverse childhood experience and young adult's problematic Internet use: The role of hostility and loneliness
Lin, W., & Chiao, C. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106624 · Cited by 26
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Navarro-Mancilla, Á. A., & Rueda-Jaimes, G. E. (2007) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 20
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Francés, F. C. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.038 · Cited by 20
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Baş, A. U., SOYSAL, F. S. Ö., & Aysan, F. (2016) · İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.15869/itobiad.85603 · Cited by 20
Longitudinal influences of depressive moods on problematic mobile phone use and negative school outcomes among Korean adolescents
Jun, S. (2019) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034319830452 · Cited by 22
Identifying research streams in online gambling and gaming literature: A bibliometric analysis
Stehmann, J. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.106219 · Cited by 20
Developing a (Bad) Habit: Antecedents and Adverse Consequences of Social Networking Website Use Habit
Turel, O., & Serenko, A. (2011) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 20
Social network site use and university adjustment
Closson, L. M., & Bond, T. A. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2019.1618443 · Cited by 19
“medium compared to face-to-face interaction (Caplan, 2007).”
Severity of dissociative experiences and emotion dysregulation mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and Internet addiction symptom severity among young adults
Evren, C. (2019) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2019.00048 · Cited by 21
“Later studies demonstrated significant associations between using the Internet to manage emotions, difficulty regulating Internet use, and negative outcomes of Internet use (41-45).”
Background
Digital Phenotyping of Emotion Dysregulation Across Lifespan Transitions to Better Understand Psychopathology Risk
Vlisides‐Henry, R. D., Gao, M. M., Thomas, L. R., Kaliush, P. R., Conradt, E. D., & Crowell, S. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.618442 · Cited by 19
Problematic internet use in adolescents and implementation of a social media hygiene protocol
Brino, K. A. S., Derouin, A. L., & Silva, S. G. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.10.011 · Cited by 19
Psychometric property and measurement invariance of internet addiction test: the effect of socio-demographic and internet use variables
Lu, X., Yeo, K. J., Guo, F., Zhao, Z., & Wu, O. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13915-1 · Cited by 19
Problematic Internet Use among Polish Students: Prevalence, Relationship to Sociodemographic Data and Internet Usage Patterns
Kożybska, M., Radlińska, I., Kolwitz, M., & Karakiewicz, B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032434 · Cited by 21
“The term PIU is used by many authors both as a term for behavioural disorders associated with Internet use and in the names of various diagnostic tools, e.g., Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIU) [18,19], Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) [20,21], Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS) [22] and Generalized…”
Background
Explaining the Development of the Excessive Use of Massively Multiplayer Online Games: A Positive-Negative Reinforcement Perspective
Lee, Z. W. Y., Cheung, C. M. K., & Chan, T. K. H. (2014) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2014.89 · Cited by 21
“Excessive use of MMOGs [38] 1.”
The Relationship between Time Spent Online and Internet Addiction among Chinese College Freshmen: A Mediated Moderation Model
Zhang, J., Chao, C. H. E. N., Lingjiao, W. A. N. G., Lu, L. I. U., Liu, F., Fengchun, Z. H. A. O., Deng, L., & Fang, X. (2014) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.01521 · Cited by 19
Personality and Problematic Internet Use Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Cognitions Over Internet Use
Zhou, N., Geng, X.-M., Du, H., Wu, L., Xu, J., Ma, S.-S., Zhang, J.-T., Yu, C.-F., Liang, Y., Meng, J., et al. (2018) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0279 · Cited by 19
An exploration of the associations among positivity, general distress and internet addiction: The mediating effect of general distress
Çıkrıkçı, Ö. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.147 · Cited by 20
Not Only for the (Tom) boys: Gender Variables as Predictors for Playing Motivations, Passion, and Addiction for MMORPGs
Kneer, J., Franken, S., & Reich, S. (2019) · Simulation & Gaming · doi:10.1177/1046878118823033 · Cited by 19
Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder, Inattention, and Impulsivity: a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in the United Arab Emirates
Vally, Z. (2020) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-020-09799-2 · Cited by 19
Experiential Motives for Playing Online Games.
Koo, D., Lee, S.-H., & Chang, H.-S. (2007) · Cited by 19
Proximal and distal antecedents of problematic information technology use in organizations
Pirkkalainen, H., Tarafdar, M., Salo, M., & Makkonen, M. (2021) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-02-2021-0083 · Cited by 18
Social support as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia: An Investigation among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lai, S. A., Pang, K. Y., Siau, C. S., Chan, C. M. H., Tan, Y. K., Ooi, P. B., Ridzuan, M. I. M., & Ho, M. C. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03256-y · Cited by 21
“These eventually may lead to different negative psychological, social, intellectual, and professional outcomes (Beard & Wolf, 2001; Caplan, 2002).”
Background
What is irrational in fearing to miss out on being online. An application of the I-PACE model regarding the role of maladaptive cognitions in problematic internet use.
Stanciu, D., & CĂLUGĂR, A. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107365 · Cited by 25
Vulnerable Narcissism and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use: Focusing the Lens on Specific Motivations for Social Networking Sites Use
Musetti, A., Grazia, V., Alessandra, A., Franceschini, C., Corsano, P., & Marino, C. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10091719 · Cited by 20
“[8] adapted Caplan’s [9,10] Generalized Problematic Internet Use (GPIU) model in the context of SNSs use.”
Method
Loneliness and problematic social networking sites use in young adults with poor vs. good sleep quality: The moderating role of gender
Moretta, T., Franceschini, C., & Musetti, A. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107687 · Cited by 26
Digital Life Balance Scale: Validity and Reliability in the Turkish Context
Soysal, F. S. Ö., Kosar, E., Gursesli, M. C., Guazzini, A., & Duradoni, M. (2024) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/2024/9454784 · Cited by 18
Effects of psychological problems, emotional dysregulation, and self-esteem on problematic Internet use among Korean adolescents
Chun, J. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.07.005 · Cited by 18
Work–family role integration and personal well-being: The moderating effect of attitudes towards personal web usage
Gözü, C., Anandarajan, M., & Simmers, C. A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.017 · Cited by 18
Exploring Factors Related to Problematic Internet Use in Childhood and Adolescence
Lim, Y., & Nam, S. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9990-9 · Cited by 18
“…develop obsessive thoughts about the Internet either because of its general characteristics or the specific rewards it offers, lose impulse control over online activities, and experience more positive feelings about themselves when they are online as compared to their offline selves (Caplan 2002).”
Background
Factors influencing interactions between adolescents and unknown people from the internet: Findings from five European countries
Mýlek, V., Dědková, L., & Macháčková, H. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105038 · Cited by 20
Facing Life Problems Through the Internet. The Link Between Psychosocial Malaise and Problematic Internet Use in an Adolescent Sample.
Venuleo, C., Ferrante, L., & Rollo, S. (2020) · Journal of Gambling Issues · doi:10.4309/jgi.2021.46.7 · Cited by 18
“…that the social benefits of online interactions may be xx only apparent, because the Internet may promote online relationships at the expense of offline social networks, predisposing adolescents to a further exacerbation of relational impairment (Caplan, 2002, 2003; Valkenburg & Peter, 2009).”
Background
DİJİTALLEŞEN ÇAĞDA VE TOPLUMDA DEĞİŞEN İHTİYAÇLAR VE SORUNLAR: E-SOSYAL HİZMET (SOSYAL HİZMET 2.0) GEREKSİNİMİ
GENCER, T. E., & Aktan, M. C. (2021) · Toplum ve sosyal hizmet(Online)/Toplum ve sosyal hizmet · doi:10.33417/tsh.875908 · Cited by 18
An Investigation of the Problematic Internet Use of Teacher Candidates Based on Personality Types, Shyness and Demographic Factors
Öztürk, E., & Özmen, S. K. (2011) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · Cited by 18
Psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test in a sample of Malaysian undergraduate students
Lu, X., & Yeo, K. J. (2015) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.1016/j.pse.2015.03.001 · Cited by 18
Effect of internet use on depression, loneliness, aggression and preference for internet communication: a panel study with 10- to 12-year-old children in Japan
Takahira, M., Ando, R., & Sakamoto, A. (2008) · International Journal of Web Based Communities · doi:10.1504/ijwbc.2008.019191 · Cited by 18
“To test this model, Caplan (2002) conducted a cross-sectional study with undergraduate students.”
Method

Authors: Caplan, S. E.
Affiliations: University of Delaware (US)
Corresponding author: Caplan, Scott E
ORCID: Caplan, Scott E
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 18
Issue: 5
Pages: 553-575
ISSN: 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00004-3
OpenAlex: W1970339110
Cited by: 1,279
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 15.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Technology in Education
Keywords: problematic internet use, psychosocial well-being, scale development, depression, loneliness, shyness, self-esteem, compulsive internet use, undergraduate students

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Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: development of a theory-based cognitive–behavioral measurement instrument

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