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Cited by 189Muscle metabolism and nutritionBiochemical effects in animalsSports Performance and Training

Creatine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program

Jówko, Ewa, Ostaszewski, Piotr, Jank, Michal, Sacharuk, Jaroslaw, Zieniewicz, Agnieszka, Wilczak, Jacek, Nissen, Steve·2001·Nutrition
DOI 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00540-8
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Abstract

We investigated whether creatine (CR) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) act by similar or different mechanisms to increase lean body mass (LBM) and strength in humans undergoing progressive resistance-exercise training. In this double-blind, 3-wk study, subjects (n = 40) were randomized to placebo (PL; n = 10), CR (20.0 g of CR/d for 7 d followed by 10.0 g of CR/d for 14 d; n = 11), HMB (3.0 g of HMB/d; n = 9), or CR-and-HMB (CR/HMB; n = 10) treatment groups. Over 3 wk, all subjects gained LBM, which was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The CR, HMB and CR/HMB groups gained 0.92, 0.39, and 1.54 kg of LBM, respectively, over the placebo group, with a significant effect with CR supplementation (main effect P = 0.05) and a trend with HMB supplementation (main effect P = 0.08). These effects were additive because there was no interaction between CR and HMB (CR x HMB main effect P = 0.73). Across all exercises, HMB, CR, and CR/HMB supplementation caused accumulative strength increases of 37.5, 39.1, and 51.9 kg, respectively, above the placebo group. The exercise-induced rise in serum creatine phosphokinase was markedly suppressed with HMB supplementation (main effect P = 0.01). However, CR supplementation antagonized the HMB effects on serum creatine phosphokinase (CR x HMB interactive effect P = 0.04). Urine urea nitrogen and plasma urea were not affected by CR supplementation, but both decreased with HMB supplementation (HMB effect P < 0.05), suggesting a nitrogen-sparing effect. In summary, CR and HMB can increase LBM and strength, and the effects are additive. Although not definitive, these results suggest that CR and HMB act by different mechanisms.

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  • In general, creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate have positive effects on lean body mass and strength, but the effects tend to be small and are not consistent.

    “In general, these agents have positive effects on lean body mass and strength, but the effects tend to be small and are not consistent.”

    From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [178]

  • Co-ingesting creatine monohydrate with HMB, beta-alanine, phosphates, or alpha-lipoic acid may have some additive effects.

    “Several studies have also indicated that co-ingesting CM with other potentially ergogenic nutrients such as beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) (Jowko et al. 2001), beta-alanine (Hoffman et al. 2006), phosphates (Eckerson et al. 2005), and alpha-lipoic acid (Burke et al. 2003b) may have some additive effects.”

    From Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of novel forms of creatine (2011) · cites this paper as Jowko et al. 2001

  • Creatine supplementation has been demonstrated to potentiate muscle hypertrophy, strength, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area growth in response to resistance training.

    “Creatine supplementation has also been demonstrated to potentiate muscle hypertrophy, strength, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area growth in response to resistance training [166,167].”

    From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [167]

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Authors
Jówko, E., Ostaszewski, P., Jank, M., Sacharuk, J., Zieniewicz, A., Wilczak, J., & Nissen, S.
Affiliations
  • Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw (PL)
  • Iowa State University (US)
Corresponding author
Nissen, Steve
ORCID
Venue
Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-07
Volume
17
Issue
7-8
Pages
558-566
ISSN
0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00540-8
OpenAlex
W1989060140
Cited by
189
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI
2.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
creatine supplementation, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, lean body mass, muscle strength, resistance training, weight training, creatine kinase, nitrogen sparing, dietary supplementation, additive effects
MeSH terms
Adult, Amino Acids, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Body Composition, Creatine, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Double-Blind Method, Drug Synergism, Humans, Male, Nitrogen, Urea, Valerates, Weight Lifting, Electric Impedance, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements

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