Molecular aspects of lipoic acid in the prevention of diabetes complications
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, are powerful antioxidants. LA scavenges hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, and singlet oxygen. Dihydrolipoic acid also scavenges superoxide and peroxyl radicals and can regenerate thioredoxin, vitamin C, and glutathione, which in turn can recycle vitamin E. There are several possible sources of oxidative stress in diabetes including glycation reactions, decompartmentalization of transition metals, and a shift in the reduced-oxygen status of the diabetic cells. Diabetics have increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides, DNA adducts, and protein carbonyls. Available data strongly suggest that LA, because of its antioxidant properties, is particularly suited to the prevention and/or treatment of diabetic complications that arise from an overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In addition to its antioxidant properties, LA increases glucose uptake through recruitment of the glucose transporter-4 to plasma membranes, a mechanism that is shared with insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Further, recent trials have demonstrated that LA improves glucose disposal in patients with type II diabetes. In experimental and clinical studies, LA markedly reduced the symptoms of diabetic pathologies, including cataract formation, vascular damage, and polyneuropathy. To develop a better understanding of the preventative and therapeutic potentials of LA, much of the current interest is focused on elucidating its molecular mechanisms in redox dependent gene expression.
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Alpha-lipoic acid scavenges ROS formed in lipid peroxidation and prevents diabetic complications such as cataract formation, polyneuropathy, and vascular damage.
“Packer et al. reported that alpha-lipoic acid is capable of scavenging ROS formed in the course of lipid peroxidation and preventing diabetic complications such as cataract formation, polyneuropathy, and vascular damage (Packer et al. 2001).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Packer et al. 2001
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Microvascular complications and diabetic retinopathy: recent advances and future implications
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- Authors
- Packer, L., Kraemer, K., & Rimbach, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- BASF (Germany) (DE)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Packer, Lester
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 888-895
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979356762
- Cited by
- 556
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- alpha-lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, antioxidants, oxidative stress, diabetes complications, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, glycation, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyls, DNA adducts, glucose transporter 4, glucose uptake, glucose disposal, type 2 diabetes, cataract, diabetic polyneuropathy, thioredoxin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Biological Availability, Cataract, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diabetic Neuropathies, Free Radicals, Glucose, Humans, Thioctic Acid, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Diabetes Complications
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