A Simple Reason for a Big Difference
Open accessAbstract
The present investigations were undertaken to compare interspecific communicative abilities of dogs and wolves, which were socialized to humans at comparable levels. The first study demonstrated that socialized wolves were able to locate the place of hidden food indicated by the touching and, to some extent, pointing cues provided by the familiar human experimenter, but their performance remained inferior to that of dogs. In the second study, we have found that, after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look/gaze at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Based on these observations, we suggest that the key difference between dog and wolf behavior is the dogs' ability to look at the human's face. Since looking behavior has an important function in initializing and maintaining communicative interaction in human communication systems, we suppose that by positive feedback processes (both evolutionary and ontogenetically) the readiness of dogs to look at the human face has lead to complex forms of dog-human communication that cannot be achieved in wolves even after extended socialization.
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Compared with wolves, dogs can use spontaneous eye contact behaviour toward humans in the context of the need for cooperative help from humans.
“Many comparative studies on dogs and wolves have shown that, compared with wolves, dogs can use spontaneous eye contact behaviour toward humans in the context of the need for cooperative help from humans [19,30,31].”
From Are dark-eyed dogs favoured by humans? Domestication as a potential driver of iris colour difference between dogs and wolves (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Miklósi, Á., Kubinyi, E., Topál, J., Gácsi, M., Virányi, Z., & Csányi, V.
- Affiliations
- Eötvös Loránd University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Miklósi, Ádám
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 763-766
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1975455171
- Cited by
- 718
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3760 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- WBI Studies Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (T029705)
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (F226/98)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- interspecific communication, human-animal communication, socialization, pointing cues, hidden food location, positive feedback, evolution of communication, dogs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Communication, Dogs, Humans, Species Specificity, Wolves, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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