The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 144 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Context and leadership: an examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The MLQ and its subscales have previously demonstrated strong psychometric properties [72, 73].”
From Leading the charge in the education sector: development and validation of the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS) (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“The dimensions of the FRL are sensitive to context (Antonakis, Avolio, & Sivasubramaniam, 2003) so it is not surprising that the PSI-LC has some conceptual similarities to aspects of the FRL model.”
From The Roles of System and Organizational Leadership in System-Wide Evidence-Based Intervention Sustainment: A Mixed-Method Study (2016) · cites this paper as Antonakis, Avolio, & Sivasubramaniam, 2003
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/bf02723327 · Cited by 26,163
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind.
Triandis, H. C., & Hofstede, G. (1993) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393257 · Cited by 17,696
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects
Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920638601200408 · Cited by 17,102
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Mueller, C. W., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074955 · Cited by 14,211
Longshore, J. M., & Bass, B. M. (1987) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258081 · Cited by 12,424
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Berson, Y. (1999). A comprehensive assessment of leadership using triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 9927942).
- *Colyar, M. R. (1994). Leader behavior, timing, type, and faculty acceptance of changes initiated by nurse education executives. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 9512253).
- *Kessler, T. G. (1993). The relationship between transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership behaviors and job satisfaction in a research environment. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 9335053).
- *Kilker, M. J. (1994). Transformational and transactional leadership styles: an empirical investigation of Roger's principle of integrality. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 9432597).
- *Lokar, T. G. (1995). A social cognitive perspective on the transformational leadership process. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 9536306).
- *Schwartz, S. M. (1999). Transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership: an investigation of Bass's (1985) theory in the perioperative environment. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. 9938888).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,000
Rowold, J. (2008) · Cited by 12
MacKie, D. (2015) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2015.10.2.118 · Cited by 12
Davidson, B. (2014) · KU ScholarWorks (University of Kansas) · Cited by 12
Omira, O. D. B. (2015) · UUM Electronic Theses and Dissertation [eTheses] (Northern University of Malaysia) · Cited by 12
Sekar, G., Sambasivan, M., & Viswanathan, K. (2020) · Built Environment Project and Asset Management · doi:10.1108/bepam-07-2020-0118 · Cited by 8
Hinse, E., & Mathieu, C. (2022) · International Journal of Police Science & Management · doi:10.1177/14613557221122294 · Cited by 15
Udin, U. (2023) · Human Systems Management · doi:10.3233/hsm-230039 · Cited by 22
Leonelli, S. (2024) · Journal of International Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/s10843-024-00358-5 · Cited by 11
Kebe, I. A., Kahl, C., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16219600 · Cited by 17
Fourie, W. J., & Mystris, D. (2020) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12420 · Cited by 11
Leadership Styles in Childcare Directors
Grantham-Caston, M., & DiCarlo, C. F. (2021) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-021-01282-2 · Cited by 18
LIDERAZGO EN DIRECTIVOS COLOMBIANOS VS. MEXICANOS.UN ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO
Francia, V. H. R., Contreras, F., Barbosa-Ramirez, D.-H., & Juárez, F. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 11
Casida, J. M., Crane, P. C., Walker, T. L., & Wargo, L. M. (2012) · Research and theory for nursing practice · doi:10.1891/1541-6577.26.4.241 · Cited by 11
Knowledge sharing among employees in Ghanaian Industries
Boateng, H., Dzandu, M. D., & Tang, Y. (2016) · Business Information Review · doi:10.1177/0266382116663355 · Cited by 11
Jelača, M. S., Bjekić, R., & Leković, B. (2016) · Economic Themes · doi:10.1515/ethemes-2016-0028 · Cited by 11
Block, C., Bormann, K. C., & Rowold, J. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O · doi:10.1026/0932-4089/a000187 · Cited by 12
Exploring Automated Leadership and Agent Interaction Modalities
Derrick, D. C., & Elson, J. S. (2019) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2019.027 · Cited by 13
How mindfulness impacts the positive forms of leadership and enhances performance at workplace
Konte, A. G., & Li, X. (2020) · Human Systems Management · doi:10.3233/hsm-190812 · Cited by 12
Gumah, B., Wenbin, L., & Aziabah, M. A. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244021994546 · Cited by 14
Scheuer, C.-L., Loughlin, C. A., & Woodside, A. G. (2021) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-021-09737-4 · Cited by 14
Solano, A. C., & Nader, M. (2004) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 11
Saint-Michel, S. E. (2010) · Revue internationale de Psychosociologie · doi:10.3917/rips.040.0181 · Cited by 11
ABASILIM, U. D. (2014) · IOSR Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.9790/487x-16960105 · Cited by 11
Keung, E. K. (2011) · Cited by 12
Examining the relationship between transformational leadership and engagement
Koppula, R. (2008) · doi:10.31979/etd.cn6h-bdtm · Cited by 11
Sustainable urban water management : the champion phenomenon
Taylor, A. (2017) · Figshare · doi:10.26180/4546240 · Cited by 11
Offringa, S., & Groeneveld, S. M. (2023) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x231182970 · Cited by 15
Development and validation of teacher classroom leadership scale in EFL context
Khany, R., & Ghasemi, F. (2019) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2019.1591516 · Cited by 10
Portraits of Rural Community College Leaders
Eddy, P. L., Liu, E., & Hartman, C. L. (2019) · New Directions for Community Colleges · doi:10.1002/cc.20369 · Cited by 11
García-Martínez, J. A., & Cerdas-Montano, V. (2019) · Innovaciones educativas · doi:10.22458/ie.v21i31.2690 · Cited by 10
Ran, Y., Liu, Q., Cheng, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-06-2020-0116 · Cited by 10
If philosophers went on a leadership course: A (serious) farce in three Acts
Wilson, S., Lee, H., Ford, J. M., & Harding, N. H. (2022) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/17427150221083428 · Cited by 11
Tung, Y.-C., & Shih, C. (2023) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-023-09937-x · Cited by 10
Transformational Leadership in the Local Police in Spain: a Leader-Follower Distance Approach
Álvarez, O., Lila, M., Tomás-Marco, I., & Castillo, I. (2014) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2014.44 · Cited by 10
Effects of early Leader–Member Exchange perceptions on academic outcomes
Jacques, P. H., Garger, J., Thomas, M., & Vracheva, V. P. (2012) · Learning Environments Research · doi:10.1007/s10984-012-9100-z · Cited by 12
Salinas, P., & Chau, C. F. C. (2016) · Innovar · doi:10.15446/innovar.v26n61.57170 · Cited by 10
Leadership for effective teacher training transfer in Kuwaiti secondary schools
Winokur, I. K., & Sperandio, J. (2016) · Teacher Development · doi:10.1080/13664530.2016.1224773 · Cited by 10
Assassination of political leaders: The role of social conflict
Serban, A., Yammarino, F. J., Sotak, K. L., Banoeng-Yakubo, J., Mushore, A. B. R., Hao, C., McHugh, K. A., & Mumford, M. D. (2018) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.01.003 · Cited by 10
Darmawan, A., & Maisaroh, M. (2017) · Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis · doi:10.20885/jabis.vol17.iss2.art6 · Cited by 10
Seeing Eye to Eye: Can Leadership Training Align Perceptions of Leadership?
An, S., Jensen, U. T., Bro, L. L., Andersen, L. B., Ladenburg, J., Meier, K. J., & Salomonsen, H. H. (2020) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967494.2020.1763533 · Cited by 10
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND GOVERNANCE ON PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN MEGAPROJECTS
Subaie, A. A. A., Faisal, M. N., Aouni, B., & Jabeen, F. (2021) · Polish Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.17512/pjms.2021.23.1.03 · Cited by 10
Álvarez, O. (2012) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.28.2.148951 · Cited by 10
The Impact of Leadership on Project Performance
Chaudhry, M. S., Kalyar, M. N., & Rehman, A. U. (2012) · Industrial engineering letters · Cited by 10
Leadership up the ladder: The construction of leadership styles in the hospitality industry
Whitelaw, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government · doi:10.7790/cibg.v19i1.9 · Cited by 10
Sex Role Identity, Nonverbal Sensitivity and Potential Leadership Style
Ivan, L. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.367 · Cited by 10
Rosch, D., Anderson, J. C., & Jordan, S. (2012) · Journal of Leadership Studies · doi:10.1002/jls.21254 · Cited by 10
A levels approach to student perceptions of leadership
Garger, J., & Jacques, P. H. (2008) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/09513540810861883 · Cited by 10
Smothers, J., Absher, K., & White, D. W. (2012) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715012443254 · Cited by 10
Transformational Leadership in Medical Practice
Gabel, S. (2012) · Journal of Ambulatory Care Management · doi:10.1097/jac.0b013e3182606e66 · Cited by 10
Tipu, S. A. A., Ryan, J. C., & Fantazy, K. (2012) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.5172/jmo.2012.997 · Cited by 10
Dawkins, S. (2014) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23226404 · Cited by 10
Nguyen, H. N. (2010) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/1470 · Cited by 11
Grover, S. L., & Coppins, A. (2012) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2012.03.003 · Cited by 9
Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Implikasinya pada Pembentukan Budaya Jujur di Sekolah
Suud, F. M. (2018) · Sukma Jurnal Pendidikan · doi:10.32533/02206.2018 · Cited by 9
Frontline nurse managers’ visions for their units: A qualitative study
Isobe, T., Kunie, K., Takemura, Y., Takehara, K., Ichikawa, N., & Ikeda, M. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13050 · Cited by 10
Helping after dark: Ambivalent leadership outcomes of helping followers after the workday
Watkins, T., Lee, S. H., Yam, K. C., Zhan, Y.-F., & Long, L. (2022) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2613 · Cited by 11
Ridwan, R., Sudjarwo, S., Sulpakar, S., Hariri, H., Tusianah, R., Isnainy, U. C., Zainaro, M. A., Herdian, H., & Rahman, B. (2022) · WSEAS Transactions on Advances in Engineering Education · doi:10.37394/232010.2022.19.5 · Cited by 9
Domínguez, L. C., Dolmans, D. H. J. M., de Grave, W. S., Donkers, J. H. H. L. M., Sanabria, Á., & Stassen, L. P. S. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Education · doi:10.5116/ijme.622d.e2f6 · Cited by 9
How work discipline and leadership influence employees’ performance?
McCarter, M. W., Haeruddin, M. I. M., Mustafa, M. Y., Abadi, R. R., & Syahrul, K. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Administration Management and Leadership · doi:10.51629/ijeamal.v3i1.73 · Cited by 9
Mgaiwa, S. J. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-09-2022-0367 · Cited by 9
Nash, S., & Bangert, A. (2014) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2013.858775 · Cited by 11
Rosch, D. M., & Collier, D. (2013) · Journal of Leadership Education · doi:10.12806/v12/i2/103 · Cited by 9
The Unresolved Dilemma of Leadership-Commitment Relationship: A Proposed Framework
KA, P. M. H. (2015) · Business and Economics Journal · doi:10.4172/2151-6219.1000196 · Cited by 9
The Effect Of Leadership Style On CIO Effectiveness
Iyengar, K. P. (2008) · UTA ResearchCommons (University of Texas Arlington) · Cited by 9
Collier, D., Rosch, D. M., & Houston, D. A. (2017) · Journal of Leadership Education · doi:10.12806/v16/i2/r9 · Cited by 9
Pahi, M. H., Umrani, W. A., Hamid, K. A., & Ahmed, U. (2015) · Global Business Management Review (GBMR) · doi:10.32890/gbmr2015.7.2.3 · Cited by 9
Carranza, M. T. D. L. G., Maldonado, A. C., Soria, E. G., & Estrada, C. R. (2017) · Actualidades Investigativas en Educación · doi:10.15517/aie.v17i3.29871 · Cited by 9
Automated Leadership: Influence from Embodied Agents
Derrick, D. C., & Elson, J. S. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91716-0_5 · Cited by 11
Leadership styles and entrepreneurship orientations in Turkish construction industry
Ayalp, G. G. (2019) · International Journal of Construction Management · doi:10.1080/15623599.2019.1644760 · Cited by 9
Santos-Díaz, S., & Towns, M. H. (2021) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d0rp00222d · Cited by 9
Impact of leadership style on employee commitment in Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Yimam, M. H. (2022) · Teaching Public Administration · doi:10.1177/01447394211058079 · Cited by 9
Fournier, P., Moisan, L., & Lagacé, D. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07690-3 · Cited by 20
(2017) · International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies · doi:10.22259/ijrhss.0402001 · Cited by 10
Lebek, B., Guhr, N., & Breitner, M. H. (2014) · International Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 9
Eom, M. T., Kahai, S. S., & Yayla, A. A. (2015) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 9
Universal Values, Creative Behavior and Leadership: Turkish Case
Kurt, İ., & Yahyagil, M. Y. (2015) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v8n6p89 · Cited by 9
Dhammika, K. A. S., Ahmad, F., & Thi, L. S. (2013) · Universiti Utara Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Utara Malaysia) · Cited by 9
Jacob, C. J., McMaster, M., Nestel, L., Metzger, N., & Olesky, D. (2013) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2013.821931 · Cited by 8
Effect of inspirational and motivational leadership on creativity and innovation in SMEs
Maladzhi, R. W., & Yan, B. (2014) · doi:10.1109/ieem.2014.7058875 · Cited by 9
The impact of Operational Performance Reviews on reported crime in Queensland
MAZEROLLE, L. G., Rombouts, S., & McBroom, J. (2006) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 9
Felt Authenticity and Demonstrating Transformational Leadership in Faith Communities
Sosik, J. J., Zhu, W., & Blair, A. L. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management · doi:10.21818/001c.17861 · Cited by 9
Soydemir, S., Özdaşlı, K., & Alparslan, A. M. (2014) · Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.5578/jeas.8647 · Cited by 9
Bangari, R. S. (2014) · Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers · doi:10.1177/0256090920140302 · Cited by 9
Leadership and Communication as Antecedents of Shared Mental Models Emergence
Boies, K., & Fiset, J. E. (2018) · Performance Improvement Quarterly · doi:10.1002/piq.21267 · Cited by 9
Promoting safety in organizations : The role of leadership and managerial practices
Mattson, M. (2015) · DiVA (Stockholm University) · Cited by 9
Public Value: Gesellschaftliche Wertschöpfung im Fokus der Führung
Gomez, P., & Meynhardt, T. (2009) · Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen) · Cited by 9
Awan, R.-U.-N., & Ather, T. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2394740 · Cited by 8
Collective response capacity: Developing crisis leadership in organisations
Nesse, S., Schei, V., & Mitroff, I. I. (2024) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12612 · Cited by 14
Choi, M., Kim, S., & Woo, Y. (2025) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-09-2024-0146 · Cited by 8
Effect of leadership styles on entrepreneurship success: a comparative analysis
Awotunde, M., & Aregbeshola, R. A. (2025) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2025.2516176 · Cited by 4
Borde, P. S., Arora, R., & Kakoty, S. (2022) · Leadership in health services · doi:10.1108/lhs-03-2022-0032 · Cited by 8
An Overview of Perspectives of Transformational Leadership
Ytterstad, S., & Olaisen, J. L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21824-8_2 · Cited by 12
Zehetner, A., Zehetner, D., Lepeyko, T., & Blyznyuk, T. (2022) · European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance (ECMLG) · doi:10.34190/ecmlg.18.1.891 · Cited by 8
Macdonald, J. R., Conroy, S. A., Eckerd, S., & Becker, W. J. (2023) · Journal of Business Logistics · doi:10.1111/jbl.12344 · Cited by 10
Benson, J. D., Zigarmi, D., & Nimon, K. (2012) · Journal of Business Administration Research · doi:10.5430/jbar.v1n2p30 · Cited by 8
Leader-Member Relationships in Virtual World Teams
Goh, S. H., & Wasko, M. M. (2011) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2011.279 · Cited by 8
Dhammika, K. A. S., Ahmad, F., Sam, T. L., & Lanka, S. S. (2014) · Universiti Utara Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Utara Malaysia) · Cited by 8
The Internal Conflicts of Undergraduate Students Regarding Effective Leadership Practices
Collier, D., & Rosch, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Leadership Studies · doi:10.1002/jls.21435 · Cited by 8
Mendelson, M., Alam, J., Cunningham, C., Totton, A., & Smith, C. V. (2019) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-06-2018-0239 · Cited by 8
EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP IN R&D — MODERATING EFFECTS OF THE STRATEGIC AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
Schroeder, S. H., & Baldegger, U. (2019) · International Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1142/s1363919620500401 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Duquesne University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Antonakis, John
- Venue
- The Leadership Quarterly
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 261-295
- ISSN
- 1048-9843 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027972351
- Cited by
- 1,533
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 107 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 99
- FWCI
- 28.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Leadership Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, measurement invariance, environmental risk, leadership context, factor structure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review