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Cited by 48Diet and metabolism studiesDietary Effects on HealthNutritional Studies and Diet

Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinaemic men and women

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Keogh, Jennifer B., Luscombe-Marsh, Natalie D., Noakes, Manny, Wittert, Gary A., Clifton, Peter M.·2007·British Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1017/s0007114507252687
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine after 52 weeks whether advice to follow a lower carbohydrate diet, either high in monounsaturated fat or low fat, high in protein had differential effects in a free-living community setting. Following weight loss on either a high monounsaturated fat, standard protein (HMF; 50 % fat, 20 % protein (67 g/d), 30 % carbohydrate) or a high protein, moderate fat (HP) (40 % protein (136 g/d), 30 % fat, 30 % carbohydrate) energy-restricted diet (6000 kJ/d) subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern without intensive dietary counselling for the following 36 weeks. Overall weight loss was 6·2 (sd 7·3) kg (P < 0·01 for time with no diet effect, 7·6 (sd 8·1) kg, HMF v. 4·8 (sd 6·6) kg, HP). In a multivariate regression model predictors of weight loss at the end of the study were sex, age and reported percentage energy from protein (R2 0·22, P < 0·05 for the whole model). Fasting plasma insulin decreased (P < 0·01, with no difference between diets), 13·9 (sd 4·6) to 10·2 (sd 5·2) mIU/l, but fasting plasma glucose was not reduced. Neither total cholesterol nor LDL-cholesterol were different but HDL was higher, 1·19 (sd 0·26) v. 1·04 (sd 0·29) (P < 0·001 for time, no diet effect), while TAG was lower, 1·87 (sd 1·23) v. 2·22 (sd 1·15) mmol/l (P < 0·05 for time, no diet effect). C-reactive protein decreased (3·97 (sd 2·84) to 2·43 (sd 2·29) mg/l, P < 0·01). Food records showed that compliance to the prescribed dietary patterns was poor. After 1 year there remained a clinically significant weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors with no adverse effects of a high monounsaturated fat diet.

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  • Other studies have shown greater weight loss at one to two years with diets high in unsaturated fat or with low-fat, high-carbohydrate vegetarian diets.

    “Other studies showed increased weight loss at 1 to 2 years with diets that were high in unsaturated fat12,21,26 or with low-fat, high-carbohydrate vegetarian diets.22,24”

    From Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (2009) · cites this paper as [21]

    The Abstract reports weight loss after 52 weeks in the high-monounsaturated-fat group, but explicitly finds no diet effect: weight loss was not significantly greater than with the high-protein diet. The study provides one-year results, not two-year results. The vegetarian-diet clause is attached to other citations, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Trials with one-year follow-up have not shown low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets to be superior to high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets.

    “A smaller group of studies that extended the follow-up to 1 year did not show that low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets were superior to high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets.6,10,16,18–21”

    From Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (2009) · cites this paper as [21]

  • At six months, the mean differences among diet groups in fat, carbohydrate, or protein intake were often larger than those in several earlier weight-loss trials.

    “The mean differences among the groups in fat, carbohydrate, or protein intake at 6 months were nevertheless often greater than those in several previous trials comparing diets for weight loss.11,12,19,21,26”

    From Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (2009) · cites this paper as [21]

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Authors
Keogh, J. B., Luscombe-Marsh, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G. A., & Clifton, P. M.
Affiliations
  • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
  • The University of Adelaide (AU)
Corresponding author
Keogh, Jennifer B.
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2007-02
Volume
97
Issue
2
Pages
405-410
ISSN
  • 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2662
DOI
10.1017/s0007114507252687
OpenAlex
W2136848950
Semantic Scholar
4dfd350d3b1cc02a6533130121c4e09b32902110
Cited by
48
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI
3.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
  • UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords
weight maintenance, low-carbohydrate diet, monounsaturated fatty acids, high-protein diet, hypocaloric diet, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, cardiovascular risk factors, fasting insulin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, dietary adherence, sex differences, long-term follow-up
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Body Composition, Bone and Bones, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Lipids, Long-Term Care, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Patient Compliance, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Weight Loss

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