Dietary electrolytes are related to mood
Open accessAbstract
Dietary therapies are routinely recommended to reduce disease risk; however, there is concern they may adversely affect mood. We compared the effect on mood of a low-sodium, high-potassium diet (LNAHK) and a high-calcium diet (HC) with a moderate-sodium, high-potassium, high-calcium Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet (OD). We also assessed the relationship between dietary electrolytes and cortisol, a stress hormone and marker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity. In a crossover design, subjects were randomized to two diets for 4 weeks, the OD and either LNAHK or HC, each preceded by a 2-week control diet (CD). Dietary compliance was assessed by 24 h urine collections. Mood was measured weekly by the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol. The change in mood between the preceding CD and the test diet (LNAHK or HC) was compared with the change between the CD and OD. Of the thirty-eight women and fifty-six men (mean age 56·3 (sem 9·8) years) that completed the OD, forty-three completed the LNAHK and forty-eight the HC. There was a greater improvement in depression, tension, vigour and the POMS global score for the LNAHK diet compared to OD (P < 0·05). Higher cortisol levels were weakly associated with greater vigour, lower fatigue, and higher levels of urinary potassium and magnesium (r 0·1–0·2, P < 0·05 for all). In conclusion, a LNAHK diet appeared to have a positive effect on overall mood.
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Low plasma potassium levels are associated with higher risk of mood swings, potentially through mechanisms affecting intracranial ion channels.
“Low plasma potassium levels are associated with higher risk of mood swings67, potentially through mechanisms affecting intracranial ion channels68.”
From Optimizing multi-domain hematologic biomarkers and clinical features for the differential diagnosis of unipolar depression and bipolar depression (2023) · cites this paper as [67]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
- Authors
- Torres, S. J., Nowson, C. A., & Worsley, A.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Torres, Susan J.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1038-1045
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2152931729
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Keywords
- dietary electrolytes, mood, high-calcium diet, DASH diet, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, depression, tension, vigor, fatigue, urinary potassium, urinary magnesium, dietary adherence, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Anger, Calcium, Depression, Diet, Electrolytes, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypertension, Magnesium, Male, Middle Aged, Potassium, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva, Biomarkers, Multivariate Analysis, Cross-Over Studies
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