Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 improves gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms in women reporting minor digestive symptoms: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, controlled study
Open accessAbstract
The ability of probiotics to improve bowel habits or transit time has been shown in healthy populations. Additional data are required to support the use of specific probiotics to improve gastrointestinal (GI) well-being. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of consuming fermented milk (FM) on GI well-being, digestive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst women without diagnosed GI disorders. In this double-blind, controlled, parallel-design study, subjects were randomised to ingest daily either 2 × 125 g FM containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 and yoghurt strains or a control non-fermented dairy product for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week wash-out period. GI well-being and digestive symptoms were assessed weekly. HRQoL was measured every 4 weeks. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance and logistic regression, correcting for baseline values on the full analysis set population of 197 women (aged 18–60 years). The percentage of women reporting an improvement in their GI well-being was significantly (P < 0·01) higher in the FM group v. the control group (OR 1·69; 95 % CI 1·17, 2·45). A significantly (P < 0·05) more pronounced decrease in the composite score of digestive symptoms was observed in the FM group when comparing with the control group (least squares mean − 0·57; 95 % CI − 1·12, − 0·02). Among HRQoL dimensions, the digestive comfort score was significantly (P < 0·05) improved in the FM group compared with the control group. The present study showed that the daily consumption of a specific FM is able to improve GI well-being and digestive symptoms in adult women without GI disorders.
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- Findingown data
The probiotic product decreased the composite score of the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms.
“Furthermore, this probiotic product decreased the composite score of the frequency of GI symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Stool consistency significantly decreased in the fermented milk group compared with the control group (P=0.02).
“A significant (P¼0•02) decrease of the stool consistency was observed in the FM group v. the control group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The percentage of women reporting improved GI well-being was significantly higher in the FM group than control (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.17, 2.45; P=0.006).
“The percentage of women reporting an improvement in their GI well-being was significantly (P¼0•006) higher in the FM group v. the control group (OR 1•7; 95 % CI 1•17, 2•45).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Borborygmi frequency decreased significantly more in FM than control over 4 weeks (LS mean -0.22; 95% CI -0.40, -0.04; P=0.016).
“Changes in borborygmi frequency showed a significantly (P¼0•016) higher decrease in the FM group compared with the control group over the 4-week period (least squares mean 2 0•22; 95 % CI 2 0•40, 2 0•04).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The digestive comfort dimension score significantly increased after 4 weeks of product consumption in the fermented milk group compared with the control group (P=0.027).
“The digestive comfort dimension score, the primary HRQoL endpoint, significantly increased (P¼0•027) after 4 weeks of product consumption in the FM group as compared with the control group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data
Stool frequency did not differ between the fermented milk and control groups.
“Stool frequency did not differ between the FM and control groups.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Flatulence frequency decreased significantly more in FM than control at weeks 1, 2, and 4.
“The decrease in flatulence frequency was significantly higher in the FM group than in the control group at weeks 1 (P¼0•041), 2 (P¼0•028) and 4 (P¼0•008)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Among health-related quality of life dimensions, the digestive comfort score significantly improved in the fermented milk group compared with the control group.
“Among HRQoL dimensions, the digestive comfort score was significantly (P, 0•05) improved in the FM group compared with the control group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The study demonstrated that the probiotic food with B. lactis DN-173 010 improves GI well-being and GI symptoms in women reporting minor digestive disorders.
“In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that this probiotic food containing the specific B. lactis DN-173 010 strain is able to improve GI well-being as well as GI symptoms in a population of women reporting minor digestive disorders.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The observed benefits are attributable to the B. lactis DN-173 010 strain rather than to other components of the fermented milk.
- Findingown data
The percentage of GI well-being responders was significantly higher in FM than control (52.0 vs 36.1%; OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.09, 3.40; P=0.025).
“The percentage of responders for GI well-being was significantly (P¼0•025) higher in the FM group v. the control group (52•0 v. 36•1 %, respectively; OR 1•92; 95 % CI 1•09, 3•40)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingreasoning
The effect of the study product was not maintained after participants stopped consuming it.
“The effect of the study product was not maintained after the cessation of its consumption.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The percentage of women reporting improvement in gastrointestinal well-being was significantly higher in the fermented milk group than in the control group (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.17, 2.45).
“The percentage of women reporting an improvement in their GI well-being was significantly (P,0•01) higher in the FM group v. the control group (OR 1•69; 95 % CI 1•17, 2•45).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There were no significant differences between FM and control in bloating score.
“whereas no significant differences were observed in bloating score as well as in abdominal pain or discomfort score.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The composite score of digestive symptoms decreased significantly more in the fermented milk group than in the control group (least squares mean -0.57; 95% CI -1.12, -0.02).
“A significantly (P, 0•05) more pronounced decrease in the composite score of digestive symptoms was observed in the FM group when comparing with the control group (least squares mean 2 0•57; 95 % CI 21•12, 20•02).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The study data showed consistent positive effects across different outcomes.
“Although these data of this explorative study show consistent positive effects across the different outcomes,”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
PGWBI scores did not differ between groups over time.
“PGWBI scores did not differ between groups over time.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
No differences between groups were observed for all HRQoL dimensions at the end of wash-out compared with baseline.
“No difference was observed between the groups for all HRQoL dimensions at the end of the wash-out period compared with baseline values (data not shown).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
For the FBA digestive comfort dimension, there was a trend toward a higher responder percentage at week 4 in FM vs control (41.0 vs 27.8%; P=0.053).
“dimension was analysed, a trend in favour of a higher percentage of responders was shown at week 4 in the FM group as compared with the control group (41•0 v. 27•8 %; P¼0•053).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
No differences between groups were observed for other HRQoL dimensions.
“No difference was observed between groups for other HRQoL dimensions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The composite score of digestive symptom frequency decreased significantly more in FM than control over 4 weeks (LS mean -0.57; 95% CI -1.12, -0.02; P=0.044).
“Comparisons of the effect of the test product on a composite score showed an overall significant (P¼0•044) decrease over the 4-week period in the FM group when comparing with the control group (least squares mean 2 0•57; 95 % CI 2 1•12, 2 0•02).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There were no significant differences between FM and control in abdominal pain or discomfort score.
“whereas no significant differences were observed in bloating score as well as in abdominal pain or discomfort score.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 survives through the entire human digestive tract.
“The ability of the strain B. lactis DN-173 010 to survive through the entire digestive tract has been shown in human subjects (9 -12) , demonstrating the ability of this strain to exert its health effect all along the GI tract.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 can exert health effects along the entire gastrointestinal tract.
“The ability of the strain B. lactis DN-173 010 to survive through the entire digestive tract has been shown in human subjects (9 -12) , demonstrating the ability of this strain to exert its health effect all along the GI tract.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Premisecitation
Clinical evidence has recently emerged that some probiotics improve symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.
“Clinical evidence of the efficacy of some probiotics in the improvement of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has recently emerged (1 -3) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
The specific fermented milk improves transit time in healthy populations.
“This probiotic food has been shown to improve digestive comfort and symptoms in IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C) (13,14) as well as transit time in both healthy (15 -17) and IBS-C populations (13) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisecitation
The specific fermented milk improves transit time in irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation.
“This probiotic food has been shown to improve digestive comfort and symptoms in IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C) (13,14) as well as transit time in both healthy (15 -17) and IBS-C populations (13) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [13] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
The effects of probiotics vary by product and strain, consistent with variability in their anti-inflammatory, motility, or visceral sensation properties.
“The variability of the effects reported has highlighted the product and strain specificity, which is supported by the high variability in their properties (anti-inflammatory activity, effect on motility or visceral sensation) (1,2) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
The specific fermented milk improves digestive comfort and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation.
“This probiotic food has been shown to improve digestive comfort and symptoms in IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C) (13,14) as well as transit time in both healthy (15 -17) and IBS-C populations (13) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Study design and conductcitation
The Food and Benefits Assessment questionnaire was developed and validated according to international guidelines for patient-reported outcomes.
“The FBA questionnaire has been developed and validated according to international recognised guidelines used for patient-reported outcomes and aims at assessing specifically the benefits of a food or a diet on HRQoL.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [21] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
IBS has been linked to changes in gut microbiota.
“Given the fact that alterations of gut microbiota have been identified in IBS (1,39) ,”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [1] source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [39]
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- Interpretationreasoning
The disappearance of the specific B. lactis strain from the GI tract may explain the observed decrease in the product's effect.
“Therefore, the disappearance within the GI tract of the specific B. lactis strain of the study product may support the observed decrease of the effect of this product.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The benefits of one probiotic product cannot be assumed to apply to other probiotics.
“This suggests that the benefits exerted by one probiotic product could not be extrapolated to other probiotics.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
The efficacy of probiotics on digestive symptoms has only been reported in the irritable bowel syndrome population.
“However, the efficacy of probiotics on digestive symptoms was only reported in the IBS population (31) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Trials of other probiotics (Propionibacterium, VSL#3, or fermented milk) did not show a positive effect on transit time.
“Several other clinical trials have investigated the effect of either probiotic strain(s) alone, i.e.Propionibacterium (34) and VSL#3 (35) or FM (36,37) and have failed to demonstrate a positive effect on transit time.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked - Study design and conductreasoning
The study had a limitation from multiple statistical comparisons.
“Another limitation in the interpretation of the results of the present study is the multiple statistical comparisons.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
The tested fermented milk improves gastrointestinal well-being in women reporting minor digestive disorders.
“The present randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical study shows the ability of the tested FM to improve GI well-being in women reporting minor digestive disorders.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The sample of women recruited at one German centre is representative of adult women without gastrointestinal disorders.
- Interpretationreasoning
Most of the overall symptom benefit came from reductions in gas-related symptoms such as borborygmi and flatulence.
“This overall symptom improvement was mainly due to improvements in several individual gas-related symptoms (for example, borborygmi and flatulence).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductown data
There were no significant baseline differences between the fermented milk and control groups.
“The subjects showed no significant differences between the FM product and control groups (Table 1).2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Subject-reported assessment is endorsed as a more meaningful and accurate measure for gastrointestinal symptoms than physician-reported assessment.
“Subjectreported assessment is endorsed to be the more meaningful and accurate measure for GI symptoms as compared with physician-reported assessments (19) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [19] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Improving HRQoL is harder in a non-disease population than in a population with a chronic digestive disease.
“Obviously, it is more difficult to improve HRQL in a non-disease population than in a population suffering from a chronic disease such as a digestive pathology (14) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [14] source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
The beneficial effect on gastrointestinal well-being is supported by an OR of 1.7 and a 15% difference in responder rate over control.
“This beneficial effect is supported by both the OR (1•7) for the improvement of GI well-being and the 15 % difference in the rate of responders for GI well-being over the control.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 26
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 16
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn this trial, GI well-being and digestive symptoms improved while bowel frequency did not change.
“In the present study, GI well-being and symptoms improved without change of bowel frequency.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingreasoningIn this study, the improvement in HRQoL was less pronounced and less clear than the improvement in GI well-being and symptoms.
“We acknowledge that despite the significant and evident effect on GI well-being and symptoms, the improvement of HRQoL remains less pronounced and is not so clear-cut.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe observed between-group difference in digestive comfort score was 3.56, which is inferior to the minimal important difference of 10.9.
“The observed difference between group (3•56) is inferior to the MID (10•9).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataAfter stopping the product, the effect dropped sharply in the first week and then declined slowly over the next three weeks.
“It was noticeable that a dramatic loss of the effect of the product was observed within the first week of ceasing to use the product whereas a slow but gradual loss of the effect was observed during the following 3 weeks of the follow-up period.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataUsing a priori MID definitions, there was a trend favoring the tested product for responder rate, while the statistically significant score change was below clinical relevance threshold.
“Using this very rigorous method of assessment, a trend in favour of the tested product was obtained for the rate of responders whereas the statistically significant difference in the score changes was below the threshold of clinical relevance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24]
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe fifteen-point GI well-being score was significantly higher in FM than control at week 1 (P=0.001) and week 3 (P=0.047).
“The weekly analysis of the fifteen-point scale score showed a significant higher score at weeks 1 (P¼0•001) and 3 (P¼0•047) in the FM group compared with the control group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataStool frequency and stool consistency did not differ between FM and control groups.
“Stool frequency as well as score of stool consistency did not differ between the FM product and control groups (data not shown).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataAt the end of wash-out, the responder percentage decreased strongly and did not differ between groups (8.0 vs 11.3%; OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.26, 1.77).
“At the end of the wash-out period, the percentage of responders strongly decreased without difference between the groups (8•0 v. 11•3 % for the FM and control groups, respectively; OR 0•68; 95 % CI 0•26, 1•77).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataThe two products lacked flavour and were alike in appearance, texture, and taste.
“Both the test and control products were without flavour and had a similar appearance, texture and taste.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationThese data support that the specific fermented milk improves some gastrointestinal functions in both healthy and irritable bowel syndrome populations.
“These data support the ability of this specific FM to improve some GI functions in both healthy and IBS populations.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationOnly one study has investigated the impact of probiotics on a specific digestive symptom, flatulence, and found a positive effect.
“Unfortunately, only one study (4) has investigated the impact on a specific digestive symptom (i.e.flatulence), showing a positive effect on this parameter; therefore, the real end-benefits of such functional changes for the consumers are open to question.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductcitationThe gastrointestinal well-being scale was adapted from the Guyatt scale and used in irritable bowel syndrome studies.
“This scale was adapted from the scale developed by Guyatt et al. (18) and used in IBS studies (19) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [18]
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [19] source
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Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitationBowel movements and stool consistency were assessed using the Bristol stool form scale.
“Bowel movements were reported daily throughout the study as well as stool consistency for each stool passed according to the Bristol stool form scale (20) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [20]
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisenone givenOnly a few studies have examined the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal well-being in a general population.
“Only a few studies have been focused on the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal (GI) well-being in a general population.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataThe study was single-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, and parallel-group.
“The study was a single-centre, randomised, double blind, controlled, parallel-group study assessing the effect of daily consumption of a FM containing B. lactis DN-173 010 (FM group) v. a non-fermented dairy product (control group).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitationThe responder definition was based on recommendations for global assessment of symptom relief in irritable bowel syndrome trials.
“The definition of a responder was based on the recommendations for global assessment of symptom relief in IBS trials (19) , which is the only available recommendation for such kinds of assessment.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [19] source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationProbiotics have been shown to improve bowel habits or transit time in healthy populations.
“The ability of probiotics to improve bowel habits or transit time has been shown in healthy populations.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 8 sources checked- cites [4] source
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- cites [5] source
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- cites [6] source
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- cites [7]
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- cites [8] source
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- cites [15] source
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- cites [16] source
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- cites [17] source
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationProbiotics increase stool frequency, stool volume or weight, and stool consistency.
“Improvement of stool frequency and/or volume or weight, and stool consistency has been shown (4 -8) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationMost studies of probiotics on gastrointestinal well-being in the general population investigated bowel habits and used small samples of thirty to eighty subjects.
“Most of these studies have investigated the effect of probiotics on bowel habits and were conducted in small sample sizes (from thirty to eighty subjects).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe fermented dairy product studied can shorten transit time in healthy people and in IBS patients.
“The fermented dairy product used in the present study is also able to decrease transit time in both healthy (15 -17) and IBS populations (13) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningTaken with prior transit and IBS data, the specific probiotic food may be a promising nutritional and safe option for managing GI symptoms.
“These data, taken together with previous data obtained on GI transit and in IBS, suggest that this specific probiotic food may represent a promising nutritional and safe solution for the management of GI symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The study product is safe for the population studied.
- Rests on an assumption: The observed benefits are attributable to the B. lactis DN-173 010 strain rather than to other components of the fermented milk.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationThe number needed to treat in the present study (6.25) is similar to that observed (5.7) in a previous irritable bowel syndrome study and within the same range as values (4 and 7.3) in recent reviews of irritable bowel syndrome probiotics trials.
“The NNT of the present study (6•25) is similar to the one observed (5•7) in a previous IBS study (14) and within the same range as NNT calculated (4 and 7•3) in recent reviews of IBS probiotics trials (28,31) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationSymptoms arising from the gut belong to normal digestion and occur in the general population.
“Gut-derived symptoms are part of the normal physiological digestive process and are experienced by the general population (29,30) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductcitationThe full analysis set definition agrees with International Conference of Harmonisation guidances.
“This definition of the FAS population is in agreement with the International Conference of Harmonisation guidances (25) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [25] source
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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationClinical benefit between studies can be compared using the number needed to treat, which is based on the difference in responders between groups.
“The comparison of the clinical benefit between these studies can be done using the number needed to treat (NNT) (32,33) , which is based on the difference of responders between groups.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn healthy volunteers, faecal B. lactis levels after consuming the product followed similar kinetics: maximum after 4 weeks, decrease within a week after stopping, and undetectable after 4-5 weeks.
“Interestingly, it was shown that the level of B. lactis in the faeces of healthy volunteers consuming the study product followed a similar kinetics, with a maximal level reached after 4 weeks of consumption followed by a decrease within a week after discontinuation of use of the product and a non-detectable level after 4-5 weeks (38) .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [38] source
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Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenEfficacy analyses were performed on the full analysis set of all randomised subjects with any efficacy data under product consumption.
“All the analyses of efficacy were performed on the full analysis set (FAS) population which corresponds to all randomised subjects having any efficacy data available under product consumption.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationResearch has focused on assessing potential negative gut sensations associated with consumption of fibres and probiotics.
“Indeed, research has focused on the assessment of potential negative sensations from the gut associated with the consumption of both fibres (26) and probiotics (27) .”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataDaily consumption of the specific fermented milk improves gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms in adult women without gastrointestinal disorders.
“The present study showed that the daily consumption of a specific FM is able to improve GI well-being and digestive symptoms in adult women without GI disorders.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The sample of women recruited at one German centre is representative of adult women without gastrointestinal disorders.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataCompliance during the study was 99.2% in the control group and 99.3% in the fermented milk group.
“The compliance during the study was 99•2 and 99•3 % for the control and FM groups, respectively.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPrior work has shown probiotic effects on bowel function in healthy people, but no study examined digestive comfort or gastrointestinal symptoms.
“Several studies have reported effects of probiotics on bowel function in healthy populations (4 -7,15) but none of them has assessed the effect on digestive comfort or GI symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataA specific probiotic food shown to improve digestive symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome also improves gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms in individuals without gastrointestinal diseases.
“The present study shows that a specific probiotic food that has been shown to improve digestive symptoms in IBS (13,14) is also able to improve GI well-being and digestive symptoms in individuals who do not suffer from GI diseases.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- Rests on an assumption: The sample of women recruited at one German centre is representative of adult women without gastrointestinal disorders.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataThe sample size was calculated to need at least eighty-four subjects per group to have 80% power to detect a 20% greater improvement rate in the test-product group at 4 weeks.
“The trial sample size required to give a power of 80 % for detecting a significant difference between the control and test products of 20 % more subjects improved in the test-product group at 4 weeks was calculated to be at least eighty-four subjects per group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataFive subjects left the 4-week double-blind phase before completion and had no follow-up data, leaving a full analysis set of 197.
“Of the subjects, five did not complete the entire 4-week double-blind period and were lost to follow-up (no data available under product consumption), giving an FAS population of 197.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee Bayerische Landesaerztekammer and all volunteers gave written informed consent.
“The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee Bayerische Landesaerztekammer (Munich, Germany).All volunteers gave written informed consent before inclusion in the study.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample of women recruited at one German centre is representative of adult women without gastrointestinal disorders.
“They were all women, aged 18 -60 years, with normal weight or overweight (BMI 18 -30 kg/m 2 ), without a diagnosis of any digestive disease including functional bowel disorders such as IBS.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The study product is safe for the population studied.
“suggest that this specific probiotic food may represent a promising nutritional and safe solution for the management of GI symptoms.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The observed benefits are attributable to the B. lactis DN-173 010 strain rather than to other components of the fermented milk.
“In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that this probiotic food containing the specific B. lactis DN-173 010 strain is able to improve GI well-being as well as GI symptoms in a population of women reporting minor digestive disorders.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Similar placebo effects have previously been reported in both healthy subjects and IBS patients.
“although similar placebo effects have previously been reported in both healthy subjects and IBS patients( 17 , 25 , 26 , 33 ).”
From Effect of the probiotic strain <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> , BB-12 <sup>®</sup> , on defecation frequency in healthy subjects with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
Table 2 reports improved GI well-being in 34% of the control group at week 4 and a 36.1% responder rate among women without GI disorders who reported minor digestive symptoms. The Discussion compares treatment benefits with IBS studies, but our copy does not report a comparable placebo effect in IBS patients or establish that the control-group improvement was caused by a placebo effect. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOther probiotic studies in healthy subjects with minor digestive symptoms have mainly focused on GI well-being and symptoms with mixed results.
“Other probiotic studies in healthy subjects with minor digestive symptoms have mainly focused on GI well-being and symptoms with mixed results( 25 , 26 , 39 ).”
From Effect of the probiotic strain <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> , BB-12 <sup>®</sup> , on defecation frequency in healthy subjects with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Guyonnet, D., Schlumberger, A., Mhamdi, L., Jakob, S., & Chassany, O.
- Affiliations
- Danone (France) (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Guyonnet, Denis
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-07-22
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1654-1662
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2076786278
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Danone
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- fermented milk, probiotics, gastrointestinal symptoms, health-related quality of life, women, yogurt, bowel habits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Bifidobacterium, Defecation, Digestion, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fermentation, Flatulence, Gastrointestinal Transit, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Yogurt, Abdominal Pain, Probiotics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Young Adult
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