Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

D’Cunha, Nathan M.; Georgousopoulou, Ekavi N.; Dadigamuwage, Lakshika; Kellett, Jane; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Thomas, Jackson; McKune, Andrew J.; Mellor, Duane D.; Naumovski, Nenad

doi:10.1017/s0007114517003452

Cited by 68Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchFolate and B Vitamins ResearchMedicinal Plants and Neuroprotection

Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

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D’Cunha, Nathan M., Georgousopoulou, Ekavi N., Dadigamuwage, Lakshika, Kellett, Jane, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B., Thomas, Jackson, McKune, Andrew J., Mellor, Duane D. +1 more·2018·British Journal of Nutrition

DOI 10.1017/s0007114517003452

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Abstract

Nutraceuticals have generated interest as a way to mitigate the cognitive decline in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the evidence for these claims from the scientific literature in randomised, double-blinded, controlled trials (duration: ≥1 year; participants:n≥100; age(mean): ≥65 years). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science) and identified twenty-five studies published between the 15·June·2006 and 14·June·2016. Interventions included B-vitamins,n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins and herbs. Of the B-vitamin studies, four found benefits to cognition with supplementation. The first of these B-vitamin studies, in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (n 266; duration=2 years), included benefit to executive function (P=0·015) and improvements in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) among participants with baseline homocysteine above 11·3 µmol/l (P<0·001). In the same sample, the second study found cognitive benefits of B-vitamins dependent on the higher baseline plasma n-3 fatty acid status. The third B-vitamin study (n 900; duration=2 years) reported improved performance in immediate (P=0·046) and delayed recall (P=0·013), whereas the fourth study (n 856; duration=2 years) reported slower rate of cognitive decline in the MMSE (P=0·05). One study investigating DHA treatment (n 402; duration=1·5 years) revealed the slower rate of cognitive change in apoE e4 non-carriers (P=0·03). As only five included studies revealed notable benefits, presently based on the specific compounds explored here, there is not compelling evidence to support the use nutraceuticals to improve cognition in the elderly. Future long-term trials of nutraceuticals should investigate interactions with lifestyle, blood biomarkers and genetic risk factors.

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Supplement use lacks evidence for preserving cognitive function or preventing dementia in middle-aged or older people.
“A systematic review and a Cochrane review including RCTs of supplements (A, B, C, D, and E; calcium, zinc, copper, and multivitamins trials, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins, and herbs) found a lack of evidence for supplement use to preserve cognitive function or prevent dementia in middle-aged (45–64 years) or older people (aged 65 years and older).148, 149”
From Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission (2020) · cites this paper as [148]
The Discussion says the reviewed trials did not provide compelling evidence for preserving memory in adults over 65, and none reported reduced progression toward MCI or dementia. This source does not establish the claim for middle-aged adults aged 45–64; its conclusion is limited to the elderly. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Authors: D’Cunha, N. M., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Dadigamuwage, L., Kellett, J., Panagiotakos, D. B., Thomas, J., McKune, A. J., Mellor, D. D., & Naumovski, N.
Affiliations: University of Canberra (AU)
Corresponding author: Naumovski, Nenad
ORCID: Georgousopoulou, Ekavi N.
Kellett, Jane
Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.
Thomas, Jackson
McKune, Andrew J.
Mellor, Duane D.
Naumovski, Nenad
Venue: British Journal of Nutrition
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2018-01-09
Volume: 119
Issue: 3
Pages: 280-298
ISSN: 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
1475-2662
DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003452
OpenAlex: W2773084604
Cited by: 68
References: 107
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 1.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Canberra
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
Keywords: nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, cognitive decline, older adults, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, antioxidants, herbs, mild cognitive impairment, executive function, homocysteine, APOE ε4, long-term supplementation
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antioxidants, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Vitamin B Complex, Vitamins, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Plant Preparations

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Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

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