The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The acute effects of synthetic intravenous Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychosis, mood and cognitive functioning
Abstract
Background: Recent work suggests that heavy use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis. However, there is a dearth of experimental studies of the effects of the constituents of cannabis, such as Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In a study of intravenous (i.v.) synthetic THC in healthy humans, we aimed to study the relationship of the psychotic symptoms induced by THC to the consequent anxiety and neuropsychological impairment. Method: Twenty-two healthy adult males aged 28±6 years (mean±s.d.) participated in experimental sessions in which i.v. THC (2.5 mg) was administered under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Self-rated and investigator-rated measurements of mood and psychosis [the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE)] were made at baseline and at 30, 80 and 120 min post-injection. Participants also completed a series of neuropsychological tests [the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT), Digit Span, Verbal Fluency and the Baddeley Reasoning Task] within 45 min of injection. Results: THC-induced positive psychotic symptoms, and participant- and investigator-rated measurements of these were highly correlated. Participants showed an increase in anxiety ratings but there was no relationship between either self- or investigator-rated positive psychotic symptoms and anxiety. THC also impaired neuropsychological performance but once again there was no relationship between THC-induced positive psychotic symptoms and deficits in working memory/executive function. Conclusions: These findings confirm that THC can induce a transient, acute psychotic reaction in psychiatrically well individuals. The extent of the psychotic reaction was not related to the degree of anxiety or cognitive impairment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Skinner, H. A. (1982) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(82)90005-3 · Cited by 3,134 · cited 1×
“Alcohol and drug dependence were excluded using the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST; Selzer, 1971) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST; Skinner, 1982).”
MethodKapur, S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13 · Cited by 2,813
Self-citationThe Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): rationale and standardisation
Kay, S. R., Opler, L. A., & Lindenmayer, J.-P. (1989) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000291514 · Cited by 1,016 · cited 4×
“This work used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; Kay et al. 1989), an investigatorrated scale, to measure THC psychosis (D’Souza et al. 2004).”
MethodInfluentialD’Souza, D. C., Abi-Saab, W. M., Madonick, S., Forselius-Bielen, K., Doersch, A., Braley, G., Gueorguieva, R., Cooper, T. B., & Krystal, J. H. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.006 · Cited by 617
Koethe, D., Gerth, C. W., Neatby, M. A., Haensel, A., Thies, M., Schneider, U., Emrich, H. M., Klosterkötter, J., Schultze-Lutter, F., & Leweke, F. M. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.023 · Cited by 93
Research works printed but not linked: 48
- 10.1007/s004060050064 · DOI
- 10.1348/147608303322362523 · doi:10.1348/147608303322362523
- 10.1007/s00127-004-0713-0 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.008 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00603.x · DOI
- 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02343.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF00432554 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/s00213-002-1169-0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.013 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760070014002 · DOI
- Ramaekers, 2006, High-potency marijuana impairs executive function and inhibitory motor control, Neuropsychopharmacology, 31, 2296, 10.1038/sj.npp.1301068 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033506 · DOI
- 10.1126/science.1160575 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1192/bjp.184.2.110 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.015 · DOI
- 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706406 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/jps.20037 · DOI
- 10.1038/sj.npp.1301197 · DOI · Paper page
- Mechoulam, 1970, Chemical basis of hashish activity, Science, 169, 611, 10.1126/science.169.3945.611 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.09.008 · DOI
- 10.1038/clpt.1980.181 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1093/brain/awg143 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0925-4927(91)90030-T · DOI
- 10.1038/nrn2253 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950040017002 · DOI · Paper page
- Azorlosa, 1995, Marijuana smoking: effects of varying puff volume and breathhold duration, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 272, 560, 10.1016/S0022-3565(25)24436-6 · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24436-6
- Hambrecht, 2000, Cannabis, vulnerability, and the onset of schizophrenia: an epidemiological perspective, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 468, 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00736.x · DOI
- Schimmack, 2000, Dimensional models of core affect: a quantitative comparison by means of structural equation modeling, European Journal of Personality, 14, 325, 10.1002/1099-0984(200007/08)14:4<325::AID-PER380>3.0.CO;2-I · DOI
- 10.1136/bmj.2.5707.439 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1192/bjp.104.437.972 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.06.024 · DOI
- Solowij, 2007, Cannabis and cognitive dysfunction: parallels with endophenotypes of schizophrenia?, Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 32, 30
- 10.1192/bjp.bp.104.007237 · DOI · Paper page
- Ranganath, 2008, The cognitive neuroscience of memory function and dysfunction in schizophrenia, Biological Psychiatry, 64, 18, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.011 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1001/jama.1969.03160280039006 · DOI
- Selzer, 1971, The Michigan alcoholism screening test: the quest for a new diagnostic instrument, American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1653, 10.1176/ajp.127.12.1653 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442 · DOI · Paper page
- Moreau de Tours, 1845, Hashish and Insanity [in French]
- 10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00102-2 · doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00102-2
- 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61162-3 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.029 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68012-4 · DOI
- 10.1192/bjp.178.2.101 · DOI · Paper page
- Barch, 2008, The cognitive neuroscience of working memory: relevance to CNTRICS and schizophrenia, Biological Psychiatry, 64, 11, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.003 · DOI
- 10.1038/sj.npp.1300496 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/sj.npp.1301643 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024448 · DOI · Paper page
- Grotenhermen, 2003, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 42, 327, 10.2165/00003088-200342040-00003 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
van Os, J., & Kapur, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60995-8 · Cited by 1,971
Self-citationThe environment and schizophrenia
van Os, J., Kenis, G., & Rutten, B. P. F. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09563 · Cited by 1,572
An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System
Lu, H.-C., & Mackie, K. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028 · Cited by 1,234
Crean, R. D., Crane, N. A., & Mason, B. J. (2011) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e31820c23fa · Cited by 732
Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition—A Systematic Review
Broyd, S. J., van Hell, H. H., Beale, C., Yücel, M., & Solowij, N. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.002 · Cited by 674
Di Forti, M., Sallis, H., Allegri, F., Trotta, A., Ferraro, L., Stilo, S. A., Marconi, A., La Cascia, C., Reis Marques, T., Pariante, C., et al. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt181 · Cited by 470
Self-citationYoung adult sequelae of adolescent cannabis use: an integrative analysis.
Silins, E., Horwood, L. J., Patton, G. C., Fergusson, D. M., Olsson, C. A., Hutchinson, D. M., Spry, E., Toumbourou, J. W., Degenhardt, L., Swift, W., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70307-4 · Cited by 443
Cannabis and adolescent brain development.
Lubman, D. I., Cheetham, A., & Yücel, M. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.009 · Cited by 360
Concomitants of paranoia in the general population
Freeman, D., McManus, S., Brugha, T., Meltzer, H., Jenkins, R., & Bebbington, P. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710001546 · Cited by 294
The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide LSD
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Kaelen, M., Bolstridge, M., Williams, T. M., Williams, L. T., Underwood, R., Feilding, A., & Nutt, D. J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002901 · Cited by 293
Waldo Zuardi, A., Alexandre S. Crippa, J., E.C. Hallak, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., Martin-Santos, R., K. McGuire, P., & Silveira Guimaraes, F. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212802884681 · Cited by 222
Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia associated with increased use of cannabis
Power, R. A., Verweij, K. J. H., Zuhair, M., Montgomery, G. W., Henders, A. K., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A. F., Medland, S. E., Wray, N. R., & Martin, N. G. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.51 · Cited by 196
McCartney, D., Arkell, T. R., Irwin, C., & McGregor, I. S. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.003 · Cited by 170
Fusar-Poli, P., Allen, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Crippa, J. A., Mechelli, A., Borgwardt, S., Martin-Santos, R., Seal, M. L., O'Carrol, C., Atakan, Z., et al. (2010) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709990617 · Cited by 163
Burggren, A. C., Shirazi, A., Ginder, N., & London, E. D. (2019) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1634086 · Cited by 144
Freeman, D., Brugha, T., Meltzer, H., Jenkins, R., Stahl, D., & Bebbington, P. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.03.018 · Cited by 99
The Behavioral Sequelae of Cannabis Use in Healthy People: A Systematic Review
Sorkhou, M., Bedder, R. H., & George, T. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.630247 · Cited by 61
Hjorthøj, C., Larsen, M. O., Starzer, M. S. K., & Nordentoft, M. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719003532 · Cited by 59
Athanassiou, M., Dumais, A., Gnanhoue, G., Abdel-Baki, A., Jutras-Aswad, D., & Potvin, S. (2021) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2021.1942845 · Cited by 29
Effects of repeated adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke on cognitive outcomes in adulthood
Hernandez, C. M., Orsini, C. A., Blaes, S. L., Bizon, J. L., Febo, M., Bruijnzeel, A. W., & Setlow, B. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120965931 · Cited by 25
Rømer Thomsen, K., Callesen, M. B., & Feldstein Ewing, S. W. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.025 · Cited by 24
Gunasekera, B., Davies, C., Blest-Hopley, G., Veronese, M., Ramsey, N. F., Bossong, M. G., Radua, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Pretzsch, C., McAlonan, G., et al. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104801 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Morrison, P. D., Zois, V., McKeown, D. A., Lee, T. D., Holt, D. W., Powell, J. F., Kapur, S., & Murray, R. M.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1607-1616
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2149317326
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 11.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
