Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses

VIVEROS, M; MARCO, E; FILE, S

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.029

Cited by 485Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchStress Responses and CortisolMedicinal Plant Extracts Effects

Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses

VIVEROS, M, MARCO, E, FILE, S·2005·Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.029

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Abstract

Cannabinoid agonists induce complex and often contradictory effects on anxiety in humans and experimental animals. The data from animal tests provide evidence of dose-dependent bidirectional modulation of anxiety by the cannabinoid system and the importance of environmental context. The mechanisms mediating the effects of cannabinoids on anxiety-related responses appear to involve CB1 and non-CB1 cannabinoid receptors. In addition, the CRH, GABA(A), cholecystokinin, opioid and serotonergic systems have also been implicated. Brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus and cortex, directly involved in the regulation of emotional behavior, contain high densities of CB1 receptors. Mutant mice lacking CB1 receptors show anxiogenic-like and depressive-like phenotypes in several tests, as well as profound alterations in their adrenocortical activity. Pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors induces anxiety in rats, and inhibition of anandamide metabolism produces anxiolytic-like effects. Thus, the endocannabinoid system appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of emotional states and may constitute a novel pharmacological target for anti-anxiety therapy.

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Low doses of CB1 agonists tend to be anxiolytic and high doses tend to increase aversion and anxiety-related behaviors.
“Given that low doses of CB1 agonists tend to be anxiolytic and high doses tend to increase aversion and anxiety-related behaviors (Ganon-Elazar and Akirav, 2012; also reviewed in Viveros et al., 2005)”
From Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Viveros et al., 2005
The cannabinoid system is part of the complex circuitry that regulates anxiety and stress and is a crucial mediator of emotional learning.
“The cannabinoid system is part of the complex circuitry that regulates anxiety and stress and is a crucial mediator of emotional learning (Marsicano et al, 2002;Viveros et al, 2005;Patel et al, 2005Patel et al, , 2005a; Laviolette and Grace, 2006;Varvel et al, 2007;Ganon-Elazar and Akirav, 2009;Lutz, 2009;Hill et al, 2009;Abush and Akirav, 2010;Akirav, 2011).”
From Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress (2012) · cites this paper as Viveros et al, 2005

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Authors: VIVEROS, M., MARCO, E., & FILE, S.
Affiliations: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: VIVEROS, M
ORCID: VIVEROS, M
MARCO, E
Venue: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-06
Volume: 81
Issue: 2
Pages: 331-342
ISSN: 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.029
OpenAlex: W2056891327
Cited by: 485
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 17.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
Keywords: endocannabinoid system, anxiety, stress response, CB1 receptor, corticotropin-releasing factor, GABAA receptor, cholecystokinin, opioid system, serotonergic system, amygdala, hippocampus, adrenocortical function, CB1 receptor knockout mice
MeSH terms: Animals, Anxiety, Cannabinoids, Drug Interactions, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Substance-Related Disorders, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, Endocannabinoids

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Endocannabinoid system and stress and anxiety responses

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