A critical review of the antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol: 30 years of a translational investigation
Abstract
Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) is the main compound of the Cannabis Sativa responsible for most of the effects of the plant. Another major constituent is cannabidiol (CBD), formerly regarded to be devoid of pharmacological activity. However, laboratory rodents and human studies have shown that this cannabinoid is able to prevent psychotic-like symptoms induced by high doses of Δ(9)- THC. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CBD has antipsychotic effects as observed using animal models and in healthy volunteers. Thus, this article provides a critical review of the research evaluating antipsychotic potential of this cannabinoid. CBD appears to have pharmacological profile similar to that of atypical antipsychotic drugs as seem using behavioral and neurochemical techniques in animal models. Additionally, CBD prevented human experimental psychosis and was effective in open case reports and clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia with a remarkable safety profile. Moreover, fMRI results strongly suggest that the antipsychotic effects of CBD in relation to the psychotomimetic effects of Δ(9)-THC involve the striatum and temporal cortex that have been traditionally associated with psychosis. Although the mechanisms of the antipsychotic properties are still not fully understood, we propose a hypothesis that could have a heuristic value to inspire new studies. These results support the idea that CBD may be a future therapeutic option in psychosis, in general and in schizophrenia, in particular.
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Opposite brain activation patterns were observed following administration of CBD (600 mg) and Δ9-THC (10 mg).
“Interestingly, opposite brain activation patterns following the administration of CBD (600 mg) and Δ9-THC (10 mg) were observed (62, 83).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [83]
In brain areas traditionally associated with psychosis, the effects of CBD on brain activation were contrary to those of Δ9-THC.
“In all these areas (traditionally associated with psychosis), the effects of CBD on brain activation were contrary to those of Δ9-THC, suggesting that they may be involved in the antipsychotic properties of CBD.”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [83]
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“O CBD também reduz e susceptibilidade à psicose (Zuardi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe Changing Legal Landscape of Cannabis Use and Its Role in Youth-onset Psychosis
Wright, A., Cather, C., Gilman, J., & Evins, A. E. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2019.08.016 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Waldo Zuardi, A., Alexandre S. Crippa, J., E.C. Hallak, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Atakan, Z., Martin-Santos, R., K. McGuire, P., & Silveira Guimaraes, F.
- Venue
- Current Pharmaceutical Design
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2012-09-12
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 32
- Pages
- 5131-5140
- ISSN
- 1381-6128 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170079005
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Pharmaceutical Design (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR-CS-011-001)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- cannabidiol, antipsychotic effects, schizophrenia, psychosis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, psychotomimetic effects, atypical antipsychotics, striatum, temporal cortex, functional MRI, translational research, drug safety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cannabidiol, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Antipsychotic Agents, Mice, Rats
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