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Prevalence of depression and burden among informal care-givers of people with dementia: a meta-analysis
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This meta-analysis examined the prevalence of depression and burden among informal care-givers of people with dementia (PwD) and compared the prevalence of depression between male and female, and spousal and non-spousal, care-givers. The quality of studies was evaluated and moderator variables explored. A search of six electronic databases (PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, MEDLINE Complete, SCOPUS, Web of Science and ProQuest) was conducted from the first available date to the 31 October 2017. Inclusion criteria involved observational studies on the prevalence of burden or depression among informal care-givers of PwD. Forty-three studies were examined with a total of 16,911 participants. The adjusted pooled prevalence of depression was 31.24 per cent (95% confidence interval (CI) = 27.70, 35.01) and burden was 49.26 per cent (95% CI = 37.15, 61.46), although heterogeneity among prevalence estimates was high. Depression prevalence estimates differed according to the instrument used and the continent where the study was conducted. The odds of having depression were almost one and a half times higher in female compared to male care-givers. No significant difference was observed between spouses and non-spouses. Most studies had a medium risk of bias. Results suggest a great need within this population for interventions that are effective at reducing burden and depressive symptoms. It therefore appears imperative for dementia services that are not providing such interventions to do so.
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“A meta-analysis (43 studies, 19911 participants) found a pooled prevalence of family carer depression of 31.2% (27.7 - 35.0).(481)”
From Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission (2024) · cites this paper as [481]
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“Previous systematic reviews demonstrate that the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in unpaid family carers of people living with dementia is around 32 % [1,2].”
From The clinical and cost effectiveness of internet-delivered self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial with ethnically diverse family carers (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
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“Recent systematic reviews demonstrated that the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in family carers of people with dementia are 31.2% and 32.1% respectively (Collins & Kishita, 2019; Kaddour & Kishita, 2020).”
From Exploring the impact of carer stressors and psychological inflexibility on depression and anxiety in family carers of people with dementia (2020) · cites this paper as Collins & Kishita, 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Caring for a family member with dementia presents a chronic stressor, leading to profound psychological strain, as evidenced by high rates of depression and anxiety in family caregivers (Collins & Kishita, Citation2020; Kaddour & Kishita, Citation2020).”
From How do care-related beliefs contribute to depression and anxiety in family caregivers of people with dementia? Testing a cognitive vulnerability-stress model. (2025) · cites this paper as Collins & Kishita, 2020
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“Absence of sufficient institutional, financial, and psychological support increases the risk of caregiver burden [7, 8].”
From Unmet Needs in Dementia Care: The Predictive Role of Caregiver Challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Recent systematic reviews demonstrated that the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety in family carers of people with dementia are 31.2% and 32.1% respectively (Collins & Kishita, 2019; Kaddour & Kishita, 2020).”
From Exploring the impact of carer stressors and psychological inflexibility on depression and anxiety in family carers of people with dementia (2020) · cites this paper as Collins & Kishita, 2019
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“Caring for a family member with dementia presents a chronic stressor, leading to profound psychological strain, as evidenced by high rates of depression and anxiety in family caregivers (Collins & Kishita, 2020; Kaddour & Kishita, 2020).”
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“As a result, dementia family caregivers often experience lower levels of psychological well-being (Collins & Kishita, 2020; Kaddour & Kishita, 2020; Lethin et al., 2020).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, R. N., & Kishita, N.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Collins, Rebecca N.
- Venue
- Ageing and Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-06-06
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2355-2392
- ISSN
- 0144-686X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1779
- OpenAlex
- W2938077275
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk
- Locations
- Ageing and Society (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- American Psychiatric Publishing
- American Association of Nurse Practitioners
- American Psychiatric Nurses Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- depression, caregiver burden, informal caregivers, dementia, prevalence, spousal caregivers, gender differences, caregiver interventions
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