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Executive function deficits in congenital heart disease: why is intervention important?
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It is widely recognised that children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder symptoms. Executive function impairments are one of the most prominent neurodevelopmental features associated with CHD. These deficits can have widespread debilitating repercussions in children’s neurocognitive, behavioural, and psycho-social development. There is a crucial gap in research regarding the efficacy of preventive or treatment strategies for these important cognitive morbidities. Executive functions are complex neurocognitive skills highly amenable to improvement. Evidence-based interventions have shown promising results in other paediatric populations, strongly suggesting that they might also benefit the growing population of children with CHD. In this review, we summarise the available data on executive function impairments in children and adolescents with CHD. We underline the important co-morbidity of executive dysfunction with other cognitive and psychiatric issues in CHD, which raises awareness of the crucial need to prevent or at least mitigate these deficits. Finally, we summarise future avenues for research in terms of interventions that may help reduce executive function impairments in youth with CHD.
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“In adolescence, young people with CHD continue to show lower IQs, and reduced executive functioning can be recognized by the poorer perceptual reasoning and working memory scores in adolescents with CHD than their peers with typical development.[17][18][19]”
From Neuroimaging, cardiovascular physiology, and functional outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Calderon, J., & Bellinger, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Calderon, Johanna
- ORCID
- Calderon, Johanna
- Venue
- Cardiology in the Young
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-06-17
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1238-1246
- ISSN
- 1047-9511 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-1107
- OpenAlex
- W2275772315
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cardiology in the Young (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Keywords
- executive dysfunction, congenital heart disease, neurodevelopmental impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive comorbidities, psychiatric comorbidity, evidence-based interventions, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Comorbidity, Executive Function
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