The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Computerized CBT (Think, Feel, Do) for Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Outcomes and Feedback from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background: Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) for depression and anxiety in adults, but there has been little work with children and adolescents. Aims: To describe the development of a cCBT intervention (Think, Feel, Do) for young people, and preliminary outcomes and feedback from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Method: Twenty participants aged 11 to 16 with depression or anxiety were randomized to receive cCBT immediately or after a delay. Standardized measures were used to assess self-reported anxiety, depression, self-esteem and cognitions, as well as parent rated strengths and difficulties. A feedback form was also completed to assess young people's views of the programme. Results: A total of 15 participants completed the pre and post assessments in the trial, and 17 provided feedback on the intervention. Paired samples t-tests demonstrated significant improvements on 3 subscales in the control condition, compared to 7 subscales in the cCBT condition. Feedback showed moderate to high satisfaction for participants. Conclusions: This study provides encouraging preliminary results for the effectiveness and acceptability of cCBT with this age group.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note
Goodman, R. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · Cited by 14,908
Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire
GOODMAN, R. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015 · Cited by 6,813
Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 · Cited by 4,035
A measure of anxiety symptoms among children
Spence, S. H. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00034-5 · Cited by 1,928
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586
Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228830802094429 · Cited by 1,283
The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders
FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011 · Cited by 1,227 · cited 1×
“Depression and anxiety are common in children and adolescents (Costello, Mustillo, Erkanli, Keller and Angold, 2003; Ford, Goodman and Meltzer, 2003).”
BackgroundBirleson, P. (1981) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00533.x · Cited by 859
Psychometric properties of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale with young adolescents
Spence, S. H., Barrett, P. M., & Turner, C. M. (2002) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00236-0 · Cited by 617
Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial
Andersson, G., Bergström, J., Holländare, F., Carlbring, P., Kaldo, V., & Ekselius, L. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.187.5.456 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“Pitching CBT at the right level for young people is vital but complicated (Stallard, 2004), and research with adults suggest that participants often find cCBT too difficult (Andersson et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCartwright‐Hatton, S., Roberts, C., Chitsabesan, P., Fothergill, C., & Harrington, R. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/0144665042388928 · Cited by 449
Computer‐Aided Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Cuijpers, P., Marks, I. M., van Straten, A., Cavanagh, K., Gega, L., & Andersson, G. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070802694776 · Cited by 429
Waller, R., & Gilbody, S. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004224 · Cited by 393 · cited 1×
“This is important as drop-out is often high with computerized CBT (Waller and Gilbody, 2009).”
BackgroundKessler, D., Lewis, G., Kaur, S., Wiles, N., King, M., Weich, S., Sharp, D. J., Araya, R., Hollinghurst, S., & Peters, T. J. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61257-5 · Cited by 387 · cited 1×
“…British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2011 In adults, a number of studies (Bergstrom et al., 2008; Craske et al., 2009; Kessler et al., 2009; Learmonth, Trosh, Rai, Sewell and Cavanagh, 2008; Titov, Andrews, Schwencke, Drobny and Einstein, 2008; Warmerdam, van…”
BackgroundBisson, J. I., Ehlers, A., Pilling, S., Dix, P., Murphy, A. W., Johnston, J. M., Richards, D. A., Turner, S. W., Yule, W., Jones, C., et al. (2005) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 352
March, S., Spence, S. H., & Donovan, C. L. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn099 · Cited by 315 · cited 2×
“The effects of professional support and supervision is complicated, with some work with cCBT for children and adolescents finding that improvements can be made with limited or no supervision (Abeles et al., 2009; March et al., 2009; Spence et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultRichardson, T., Stallard, P., & Velleman, S. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0069-9 · Cited by 272
Self-citationInternet-based mental health programs: A powerful tool in the rural medical kit
Griffiths, K. M., & Christensen, H. (2007) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00859.x · Cited by 270 · cited 1×
“Such work has demonstrated a number of benefits of cCBT, such as increased availability (Griffiths and Christensen, 2007), and the ability to use cCBT in your own home (Beattie, Shaw, Kaur and Kessler, 2009; Graham, Franses, Kenwright and Marks, 2000).”
BackgroundSpence, S. H., Holmes, J. M., March, S., & Lipp, O. V. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.614 · Cited by 261 · cited 2×
“The effects of professional support and supervision is complicated, with some work with cCBT for children and adolescents finding that improvements can be made with limited or no supervision (Abeles et al., 2009; March et al., 2009; Spence et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultKLEIN, J. B., JACOBS, R. H., & REINECKE, M. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3180592aaa · Cited by 254 · cited 1×
“Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective intervention for such problems (Klein, Jacobs and Reinecke, 2007; Cartwright-Hatton, Roberts, Chitsabesan, Fothergill and Harrington, 2004; Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka and Sakano, 2007), and as such CBT is now recommended by the UK…”
BackgroundReger, M. A., & Gahm, G. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20536 · Cited by 234
Online psychological treatment for pediatric recurrent pain: A randomized evaluation
Hicks, C. L., von Baeyer, C. L., & McGrath, P. J. (2006) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj065 · Cited by 217
Van Voorhees, B. W., Fogel, J., Reinecke, M. A., Gladstone, T., Stuart, S., Gollan, J., Bradford, N., Domanico, R., Fagan, B., Ross, R., et al. (2009) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181966c2a · Cited by 197 · cited 1×
“…on the intervention “Stressbusters” showed reductions in depression diagnoses in adolescents aged 12 to 16 years (Abeles et al., 2009), whilst other work has shown positive results for those with sub-clinical depression (Gerrits, Van Der Zanden, Visscher and Onijn, 2007; Van Voorhees et al., 2009).”
ResultO'Kearney, R., Gibson, M., Christensen, H., & Griffiths, K. M. (2006) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070500303456 · Cited by 183
Shyness 1: Distance Treatment of Social Phobia Over the Internet
Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670802119762 · Cited by 180
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Ishikawa, S., Okajima, I., Matsuoka, H., & Sakano, Y. (2007) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00433.x · Cited by 176 · cited 1×
“…intervention for such problems (Klein, Jacobs and Reinecke, 2007; Cartwright-Hatton, Roberts, Chitsabesan, Fothergill and Harrington, 2004; Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka and Sakano, 2007), and as such CBT is now recommended by the UK National Institute of Clinical Excellence for the…”
BackgroundCraske, M. G., Rose, R. D., Lang, A., Welch, S. S., Campbell-Sills, L., Sullivan, G., Sherbourne, C., Bystritsky, A., Stein, M. B., & Roy-Byrne, P. P. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20542 · Cited by 170 · cited 2×
“In adults, a number of studies (Bergstrom et al., 2008; Craske et al., 2009; Kessler et al., 2009; Learmonth, Trosh, Rai, Sewell and Cavanagh, 2008; Titov, Andrews, Schwencke, Drobny and Einstein, 2008; Warmerdam, van Straten, Jongsma, Twisk and Cuijpers, 2010; Whitfield, Hinshelwood, Pashely, Campsie and Williams, 20…”
BackgroundBeattie, A., Shaw, A., Kaur, S., & Kessler, D. (2009) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2008.00531.x · Cited by 170 · cited 1×
“Such work has demonstrated a number of benefits of cCBT, such as increased availability (Griffiths and Christensen, 2007), and the ability to use cCBT in your own home (Beattie, Shaw, Kaur and Kessler, 2009; Graham, Franses, Kenwright and Marks, 2000).”
BackgroundCognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Families
GRAHAM, P. J., Bolton, D., O'connor, T., Creswell, C., Weersing, V. R., Brent, D. A., Schmidt, U., Drinkwater, J., Wolpert, M., Elsworth, J., et al. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543845 · Cited by 161
Self-citationWarmerdam, L., van Straten, A., Jongsma, J., Twisk, J. W. R., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2009) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.10.003 · Cited by 147
Anxiety and depression as correlates of self-reported behavioural inhibition in normal adolescents
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., Schmidt, H. G., Gadet, B., & Bogie, N. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00081-4 · Cited by 140
Stallard, P. N., Richardson, T. H., & Velleman, S. C. (2010) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465810000421 · Cited by 106
Self-citationAbeles, P., Verduyn, C., Robinson, A., Smith, P., Yule, W., & Proudfoot, J. (2009) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808005067 · Cited by 82 · cited 6×
“The effects of professional support and supervision is complicated, with some work with cCBT for children and adolescents finding that improvements can be made with limited or no supervision (Abeles et al., 2009; March et al., 2009; Spence et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTHE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERAMENT USING PARENTAL RATINGS
Lyon, M. E., & Plomin, R. J. (1981) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00530.x · Cited by 75
Cognitive behaviour therapy with prepubertal children
Stallard, P. N. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543845.008 · Cited by 65
Self-citationThe role of computer‐aided psychotherapy within an NHS CBT specialist service
Learmonth, D., Trosh, J., Rai, S., Sewell, J., & Cavanagh, K. (2008) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140801976290 · Cited by 65 · cited 1×
“In adults, a number of studies (Bergstrom et al., 2008; Craske et al., 2009; Kessler et al., 2009; Learmonth, Trosh, Rai, Sewell and Cavanagh, 2008; Titov, Andrews, Schwencke, Drobny and Einstein, 2008; Warmerdam, van Straten, Jongsma, Twisk and Cuijpers, 2010; Whitfield, Hinshelwood, Pashely,…”
Master your mood online: A preventive chat group intervention for adolescents
Gerrits, R. S., van der Zanden, R. A. P., Visscher, R. F. M., & Conijn, B. P. (2007) · Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health · doi:10.5172/jamh.6.3.152 · Cited by 64
Bergström, J., Andersson, G., Karlsson, A., Andréewitch, S., Rück, C., Carlbring, P., & Lindefors, N. (2008) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480802191132 · Cited by 63
The Cool Teens CD-ROM for anxiety disorders in adolescents: A pilot case series
Cunningham, M. J., Wuthrich, V. M., Rapee, R. M., Lyneham, H. J., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0703-y · Cited by 61
Stallard, P. N., Udwin, O., Goddard, M., & Hibbert, S. (2007) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465807003724 · Cited by 59
Self-citationStallard, P., Velleman, S., & Richardson, T. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2009.00540.x · Cited by 58
Self-citationWhitfield, G., Hinshelwood, R. D., Pashely, A., Campsie, L. M., & Williams, C. (2005) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246580500250x · Cited by 57
The Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Schema Questionnaire for Children (SQC)
Stallard, P. N., & Rayner, H. (2004) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465804001912 · Cited by 47
Self-citationPsychotherapy by computer: A postal survey of responders to a teletext article
Graham, C., Franses, A., Kenwright, M., & Marks, I. (2000) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.24.9.331 · Cited by 41
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 2008, Computerized Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: review of technology appraisal 51
- 2005, Depression in Children and Young People
- 2005, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: core interventions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Weisz, J. R., Kuppens, S., Ng, M. Y., Eckshtain, D., Ugueto, A. M., Vaughn-Coaxum, R., Jensen-Doss, A., Hawley, K. M., Krumholz Marchette, L. S., Chu, B. C., et al. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040360 · Cited by 862
Merry, S. N., Stasiak, K., Shepherd, M., Frampton, C., Fleming, T., & Lucassen, M. F. G. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e2598 · Cited by 716
Ebert, D. D., Zarski, A.-C., Christensen, H., Stikkelbroek, Y., Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., & Riper, H. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119895 · Cited by 533
Practitioner review: Co‐design of digital mental health technologies with children and young people
Bevan Jones, R., Stallard, P., Agha, S. S., Rice, S., Werner‐Seidler, A., Stasiak, K., Kahn, J., Simpson, S. A., Alvarez‐Jimenez, M., Rice, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13258 · Cited by 317
Self-citationDo online mental health services improve help-seeking for young people? A systematic review
Kauer, S. D., Mangan, C., & Sanci, L. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3103 · Cited by 339
Metadata
- Authors
- Stallard, P., Richardson, T., Velleman, S., & Attwood, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stallard, Paul
- Venue
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-01-28
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 273-284
- ISSN
- 1352-4658 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-1833
- OpenAlex
- W2162635829
- Semantic Scholar
- 2866787eae53fb1dae3a568a91a02ddde6e728a1
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) (submittedVersion)
- Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (PB-PG-0407-13049)
- Research for Patient Benefit Programme
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- depression, anxiety, children and adolescents, self-esteem, cognitive distortions, strengths and difficulties, treatment acceptability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Computer Graphics, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Feedback, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Pilot Projects, Psychometrics, Self Concept, Software, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Thinking, Video Recording, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review