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Cited by 284Schizophrenia research and treatmentDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchMemory Processes and Influences

The nature of learning and memory impairments in schizophrenia

Paulsen, Jane S., Heaton, Robert K., Sadek, Joseph R., Perry, William, Delis, Dean C., Braff, David, Kuck, Julie, Zisook, Sidney +1 more·1995·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
DOI 10.1017/s135561770000014x
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Abstract

The California Verbal Learning Test was used to characterize the learning and memory impairment in schizophrenia (SC) and to evaluate potential clinical and demographic factors associated with this impairment. SC patients (n= 175) performed worse than normal comparison (NC) subjects (n= 229) on all learning, recall, and recognition memory measures. The most important clinical correlates of these impairments were earlier age of onset, more negative symptoms, and greater anticholinergic medication dosage. SC patients showed a prominent retrieval deficit as indicated by disproportionate improvement when tested in a recognition, rather than a free recall, format. A residual impairment seen with recognition testing suggests a mild encoding deficit as well. In contrast, the relative absence of a storage deficit is suggested by the lack of rapid forgetting. Using a discriminant function analysis that differentiates cortical dementia [i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD)], subcortical dementia [i.e., Huntington's disease (HD)], and normals, it was found that 5070 of the SC patients were classified as having a subcortical memory profile and 35% were classified as having a normal profile, whereas only 15% were classified as having a cortical memory profile. Although these findings reflect the clinical heterogeneity often found in SC, results suggest that most SC patients demonstrate a pattern of learning and memory impairments that resembles the pattern seen in patients with primary subcortical (specifically striatal) pathology. (JINS, 1995,I, 88–99.)

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  • The pattern of memory impairment (encoding and delayed recall impaired, delayed recognition and cued recall spared) is also true for neuropsychiatric populations such as schizophrenia spectrum conditions.

    “The same is true for neuropsychiatric populations such as schizophrenia spectrum conditions. 52 - 53”

    From Domains of cognition and their assessment (2019) · cites this paper as [52]

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Authors
Paulsen, J. S., Heaton, R. K., Sadek, J. R., Perry, W., Delis, D. C., Braff, D., Kuck, J., Zisook, S., & Jeste, D. V.
Affiliations
  • Veterans Health Administration (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1995-01
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
88-99
ISSN
  • 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7661
DOI
10.1017/s135561770000014x
OpenAlex
W2091179044
Cited by
284
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI
9.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 5170 d)
Locations
  • Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • National Institutes of Health (2r01mh045131-06a1)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH49671-01, MH-43693, MH45131, P30MH049671)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
schizophrenia, learning disabilities, memory impairment, California Verbal Learning Test, recognition memory, free recall, retrieval deficit, encoding deficits, age of onset, negative symptoms, anticholinergic agents, subcortical dementia, cortical dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Amnesia, Female, Humans, Huntington Disease, Learning Disabilities, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Mental Recall, Retention, Psychology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Verbal Learning

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