Green and sustainable solvents in chemical processes
Abstract
Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the reactions or extractions for which it is employed, but also give consideration to the wider context of the process and system within which the solvent is deployed. A wide range of technical, economic, and environmental factors are considered, giving a more complete picture of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.
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Biorefineries provide a more sustainable alternative to produce green solvents that are eco-friendly and less toxic than conventional ones.
“Thus, biorefineries provide a more sustainable alternative also to produce green solvents that are eco-friendly and less toxic than conventional ones (Clarke et al., 2018).”
From Biorefineries: Achievements and challenges for a bio-based economy (2022) · cites this paper as Clarke et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Clarke, C. J., Tu, W.-C., Levers, O., Bröhl, A., & Hallett, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hallett, Jason P.
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-01-04
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 747-800
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W2782017479
- Semantic Scholar
- 4ddd842aa272613005fb34962af89fc617f2736a
- Cited by
- 2,071
- References
- 481
- Citations by year
- 2026: 240 · 2025: 306 · 2024: 285 · 2023: 253 · 2022: 248 · 2021: 277 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 174 · 2018: 61 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K038648/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Keywords
- green solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, polymeric liquids, renewable solvents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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