Critical Assessment of the Sustainability of Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Case Study on Six Choline Chloride-Based Mixtures
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An outline of the advantages, in terms of sustainability, of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) is provided, by analyzing some of the most popular DESs, obtained by the combination of choline chloride, as a hydrogen bond acceptor, and six hydrogen bond donors. The analysis is articulated into four main issues related to sustainability, which are recurrently mentioned in the literature, but are often taken for granted without any further critical elaboration, as the prominent green features of DESs: their low toxicity, good biodegradability, renewable sourcing, and low cost. This contribution is intended to provide a more tangible, evidence-based evaluation of the actual green credentials of the considered DESs, to reinforce or question their supposed sustainability, also in mutual comparison with one another.
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Many DES formulations exhibit favorable physicochemical characteristics such as negligible volatility, non-flammability, and tunable solvent properties.
“DESs have attracted considerable attention because many formulations exhibit favorable physicochemical characteristics, such as negligible volatility, non-flammability, and tunable solvent properties [16].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Furthermore, Nejrotti et al. [16] conducted a detailed assessment of six choline chloride-based DES formulations and demonstrated that evaluating sustainability requires an integrated approach that accounts not only for toxicity, but also for biodegradability, physicochemical properties, and…”
Influential
- Authors
- Nejrotti, S., Antenucci, A., Pontremoli, C., Gontrani, L., Barbero, N., Carbone, M., & Bonomo, M.
- Affiliations
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Nejrotti, Stefano
- Bonomo, Matteo
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Omega
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-12-13
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 51
- Pages
- 47449-47461
- ISSN
- 2470-1343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9798394
- OpenAlex
- W4311277358
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Omega (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Lubricants and Their Additives
- Keywords
- deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride, hydrogen bond donors, sustainability assessment, green solvents, toxicity, biodegradability, low cost, green credentials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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