The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiscale Control of Nanocellulose Assembly: Transferring Remarkable Nanoscale Fibril Mechanics to Macroscale Fibers
Open accessAbstract
Nanoscale building blocks of many materials exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties due to their defect-free molecular structure. Translation of these high mechanical properties to macroscopic materials represents a difficult materials engineering challenge due to the necessity to organize these building blocks into multiscale patterns and mitigate defects emerging at larger scales. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), the most abundant structural element in living systems, has impressively high strength and stiffness, but natural or artificial cellulose composites are 3-15 times weaker than the CNFs. Here, we report the flow-assisted organization of CNFs into macroscale fibers with nearly perfect unidirectional alignment. Efficient stress transfer from macroscale to individual CNF due to cross-linking and high degree of order enables their Young's modulus to reach up to 86 GPa and a tensile strength of 1.57 GPa, exceeding the mechanical properties of known natural or synthetic biopolymeric materials. The specific strength of our CNF fibers engineered at multiscale also exceeds that of metals, alloys, and glass fibers, enhancing the potential of sustainable lightweight high-performance materials with multiscale self-organization.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
VMD: visual molecular dynamics
Humphrey, W., Dalke, A., & Schulten, K. (1996) · Journal of Molecular Graphics · doi:10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5 · Cited by 66,952
Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene
Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W., & Hone, J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1157996 · Cited by 20,847
GROMACS 4: Algorithms for Highly Efficient, Load-Balanced, and Scalable Molecular Simulation
Hess, B., Kutzner, C., van der Spoel, D., & Lindahl, E. (2008) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/ct700301q · Cited by 15,908
The Theory of Polymer Dynamics
Marrucci, G. (1987) · Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1016/0377-0257(87)85036-x · Cited by 9,749
The theory of polymer dynamics
Doi, M., & Edwards, S. F. (1986) · Cited by 8,928
Bioinspired structural materials
Wegst, U. G. K., Bai, H., Saiz, E., Tomsia, A. P., & Ritchie, R. O. (2015) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4089 · Cited by 4,721
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers
Isogai, A., Saito, T., & Fukuzumi, H. (2011) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c0nr00583e · Cited by 3,179
Nishiyama, Y., Langan, P., & Chanzy, H. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja0257319 · Cited by 3,028
Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties
Meyers, M. A., Chen, P.-Y., Lin, A. Y.-M., & Seki, Y. (2008) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.05.002 · Cited by 2,573
Self-citationGLYCAM06: A generalizable biomolecular force field. Carbohydrates
Kirschner, K. N., Yongye, A. B., Tschampel, S. M., González‐Outeiriño, J., Daniels, C. R., Foley, B. L., & Woods, R. J. (2008) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.20820 · Cited by 2,243
Macroscopic Fibers and Ribbons of Oriented Carbon Nanotubes
Vigolo, B., Pénicaud, A., Coulon, C., Sauder, C., Pailler, R., Journet, C., Bernier, P., & Poulin, P. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5495.1331 · Cited by 1,851
Tough, Bio-Inspired Hybrid Materials
Munch, E., Launey, M. E., Alsem, D. H., Saiz, E., Tomsia, A. P., & Ritchie, R. O. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1164865 · Cited by 1,822
Ultrastrong and Stiff Layered Polymer Nanocomposites
Podsiadlo, P., Kaushik, A. K., Arruda, E. M., Waas, A. M., Shim, B. S., Xu, J., Nandivada, H., Pumplin, B. G., Lahann, J., Ramamoorthy, A., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1143176 · Cited by 1,630
Self-citationNanoconfinement controls stiffness, strength and mechanical toughness of β-sheet crystals in silk
Keten, S., Xu, Z., Ihle, B., & Buehler, M. J. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2704 · Cited by 1,391
Strong, Light, Multifunctional Fibers of Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Conductivity
Behabtu, N., Young, C. C., Tsentalovich, D. E., Kleinerman, O., Wang, X., Ma, A. W. K., Bengio, E. A., ter Waarbeek, R. F., de Jong, J. J., Hoogerwerf, R. E., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1228061 · Cited by 1,354
Cellulose Nanopaper Structures of High Toughness
Henriksson, M., Berglund, L. A., Isaksson, P., Lindström, T., & Nishino, T. (2008) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm800038n · Cited by 1,299
The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials
Gibson, L. J. (2012) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0341 · Cited by 1,215
Spinning Continuous Fibers for Nanotechnology
Dzenis, Y. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099074 · Cited by 1,110
Molecular design of strong single-wall carbon nanotube/polyelectrolyte multilayer composites
Mamedov, A. A., Kotov, N. A., Prato, M., Guldi, D. M., Wicksted, J. P., & Hirsch, A. (2002) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat747 · Cited by 971
Self-citationSingle Polymer Dynamics in an Elongational Flow
Perkins, T. T., Smith, D. E., & Chu, S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2016 · Cited by 868
Single-Polymer Dynamics in Steady Shear Flow
Smith, D. E., Babcock, H. P., & Chu, S. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5408.1724 · Cited by 775
Structure and mechanics of interfaces in biological materials
Barthelat, F., Yin, Z., & Buehler, M. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.7 · Cited by 765
Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers
Xin, G., Yao, T., Sun, H., Scott, S. M., Shao, D., Wang, G., & Lian, J. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa6502 · Cited by 740
Saito, T., Kuramae, R., Wohlert, J., Berglund, L. A., & Isogai, A. (2013) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm301674e · Cited by 625
Rheology of a dilute suspension of axisymmetric Brownian particles
Brenner, H. (1974) · International Journal of Multiphase Flow · doi:10.1016/0301-9322(74)90018-4 · Cited by 610
Structure and properties of the cellulose microfibril
Nishiyama, Y. (2009) · Journal of Wood Science · doi:10.1007/s10086-009-1029-1 · Cited by 567
True solutions of single-walled carbon nanotubes for assembly into macroscopic materials
Davis, V. A., Parra-Vasquez, A. N. G., Green, M. J., Rai, P. K., Behabtu, N., Prieto, V., Booker, R. D., Schmidt, J., Kesselman, E., Zhou, W., et al. (2009) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.302 · Cited by 559
Large-area blown bubble films of aligned nanowires and carbon nanotubes
Yu, G., Cao, A., & Lieber, C. M. (2007) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.150 · Cited by 540
Hydrodynamic alignment and assembly of nanofibrils resulting in strong cellulose filaments
Håkansson, K. M. O., Fall, A. B., Lundell, F., Yu, S., Krywka, C., Roth, S. V., Santoro, G., Kvick, M., Prahl Wittberg, L., Wågberg, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5018 · Cited by 523
Self-citationCell-wall recovery after irreversible deformation of wood
Keckes, J., Burgert, I., Frühmann, K., Müller, M., Kölln, K., Hamilton, M., Burghammer, M., Roth, S. V., Stanzl-Tschegg, S., & Fratzl, P. (2003) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1019 · Cited by 500
Self-citationUsov, I., Nyström, G., Adamcik, J., Handschin, S., Schütz, C., Fall, A., Bergström, L., & Mezzenga, R. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8564 · Cited by 498
Anomalous scaling law of strength and toughness of cellulose nanopaper
Zhu, H., Zhu, S., Jia, Z., Parvinian, S., Li, Y., Vaaland, O., Hu, L., & Li, T. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1502870112 · Cited by 424
Assignment of non-crystalline forms in cellulose I by CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy
Wickholm, K., Larsson, P. T., & Iversen, T. (1998) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00236-5 · Cited by 423
Self-citationDripping and jetting in microfluidic multiphase flows applied to particle and fibre synthesis
Nunes, J. K., Tsai, S. S. H., Wan, J., & Stone, H. A. (2013) · Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/46/11/114002 · Cited by 406
A CP/MAS13C NMR investigation of molecular ordering in celluloses
Larsson, P. T., Wickholm, K., & Iversen, T. (1997) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00130-4 · Cited by 399
Self-citationBuffet, A., Rothkirch, A., Döhrmann, R., Körstgens, V., Abul Kashem, M. M., Perlich, J., Herzog, G., Schwartzkopf, M., Gehrke, R., Müller-Buschbaum, P., et al. (2012) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s0909049512016895 · Cited by 351
Self-citationThe mechanical properties of natural materials. I. Material property charts
Ashby, M. F., Gibson, L. J., Wegst, U., & Olive, R. (1995) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1995.0075 · Cited by 339
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Wet-Spun Fibers Made from Natural Cellulose Nanofibers
Iwamoto, S., Isogai, A., & Iwata, T. (2011) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm101510r · Cited by 337
Benítez, A. J., & Walther, A. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c7ta02006f · Cited by 310
Colloidal Stability of Aqueous Nanofibrillated Cellulose Dispersions
Fall, A. B., Lindström, S. B., Sundman, O., Ödberg, L., & Wågberg, L. (2011) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la201947x · Cited by 307
Self-citationBenítez, A. J., Torres-Rendon, J., Poutanen, M., & Walther, A. (2013) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm401451m · Cited by 287
Nyström, G., Marais, A., Karabulut, E., Wågberg, L., Cui, Y., & Hamedi, M. M. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8259 · Cited by 280
Self-citationWalther, A., Timonen, J. V. I., Díez, I., Laukkanen, A., & Ikkala, O. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201100580 · Cited by 279
Raman Microprobe Evidence for Lignin Orientation in the Cell Walls of Native Woody Tissue
Atalla, R. H., & Agarwal, U. P. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.227.4687.636 · Cited by 245
Tang, H., Butchosa, N., & Zhou, Q. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201404565 · Cited by 225
Spinning of Cellulose Nanofibrils into Filaments: A Review
Lundahl, M. J., Klar, V., Wang, L., Ago, M., & Rojas, O. J. (2017) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04010 · Cited by 191
Ultrastrong and Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites
Mittal, N., Jansson, R., Widhe, M., Benselfelt, T., Håkansson, K. M. O., Lundell, F., Hedhammar, M., & Söderberg, L. D. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02305 · Cited by 191
Self-citationLundahl, M. J., Cunha, A. G., Rojo, E., Papageorgiou, A. C., Rautkari, L., Arboleda, J. C., & Rojas, O. J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30695 · Cited by 190
Anisotropic particles align perpendicular to the flow direction in narrow microchannels
Trebbin, M., Steinhauser, D., Perlich, J., Buffet, A., Roth, S. V., Zimmermann, W., Thiele, J., & Förster, S. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219340110 · Cited by 181
Self-citationUnderstanding the Mechanistic Behavior of Highly Charged Cellulose Nanofibers in Aqueous Systems
Geng, L., Mittal, N., Zhan, C., Ansari, F., Sharma, P. R., Peng, X., Hsiao, B. S., & Söderberg, D. (2018) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02642 · Cited by 146
Self-citationDry-Spun Single-Filament Fibers Comprising Solely Cellulose Nanofibers from Bioresidue
Hooshmand, S., Aitomäki, Y., Norberg, N. S., Mathew, A. P., & Oksman, K. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b03091 · Cited by 131
Flow-assisted assembly of nanostructured protein microfibers
Kamada, A., Mittal, N., Söderberg, D., Ingverud, T., Ohm, W., Roth, S. V., Lundell, F., & Lendel, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1617260114 · Cited by 115
Self-citationThe use of rotation matrices in the mathematical description of molecular orientations in polymers
van Gurp, M. (1995) · Colloid & Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/bf00652253 · Cited by 107
Rogers, S. S., Venema, P., Sagis, L. M. C., van der Linden, E., & Donald, A. M. (2005) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0474224 · Cited by 94
Orientational dispersion of fibers in extensional flows
Shaqfeh, E. S. G., & Koch, D. L. (1990) · Physics of Fluids A Fluid Dynamics · doi:10.1063/1.857608 · Cited by 53
Linear, non-linear and plastic bending deformation of cellulose nanocrystals
Chen, P., Ogawa, Y., Nishiyama, Y., Ismail, A. E., & Mazeau, K. (2016) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c6cp00624h · Cited by 45
Self-citationMartoïa, F., Dumont, P., Orgéas, L., Belgacem, M. N., & Putaux, J. (2015) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c5sm02310f · Cited by 44
Cited by
Developing fibrillated cellulose as a sustainable technological material
Li, T., Chen, C., Brozena, A. H., Zhu, J. Y., Xu, L., Driemeier, C., Dai, J., Rojas, O. J., Isogai, A., Wågberg, L., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03167-7 · Cited by 1,674
Self-citationHierarchically structured bioinspired nanocomposites
Nepal, D., Kang, S., Adstedt, K. M., Kanhaiya, K., Bockstaller, M. R., Brinson, L. C., Buehler, M. J., Coveney, P. V., Dayal, K., El-Awady, J. A., et al. (2023) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01384-1 · Cited by 594
Self-citationA strong, tough, and scalable structural material from fast-growing bamboo
Li, Z., Chen, C., Mi, R., Gan, W., Dai, J., Jiao, M., Xie, H., Yao, Y., Xiao, S., & Hu, L. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201906308 · Cited by 476
The strength and stiffness of oriented wood and cellulose-fibre materials: A review
Jakob, M., Mahendran, A. R., Gindl-Altmutter, W., Bliem, P., Konnerth, J., Müller, U., & Veigel, S. (2022) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100916 · Cited by 292
Wood-Based Flexible Electronics
Fu, Q., Chen, Y., & Sorieul, M. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b09817 · Cited by 269
Metadata
- Authors
- Mittal, N., Ansari, F., Gowda.V, K., Brouzet, C., Chen, P., Larsson, P. T., Roth, S. V., Lundell, F., Wågberg, L., Kotov, N. A., & Söderberg, L. D.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-05-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 6378-6388
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2800080674
- Cited by
- 507
- References
- 57
- FWCI
- 15.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
