Prospects and Challenges of Volatile Organic Compound Sensors in Human Healthcare
Abstract
The chemical signatures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in humans can be utilized for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. Apart from toxic exposure studies, VOCs generated in humans can provide insights into one's healthy and diseased metabolic states, acting as a biomarker for identifying numerous diseases noninvasively. VOC sensors and the technology of e-nose have received significant attention for continuous and selective monitoring of various physiological and pathophysiological conditions of an individual. Noninvasive detection of VOCs is achieved from biomatrices of breath, sweat and saliva. Among these, detection from sweat and saliva can be continuous in real-time. The sensing approaches include optical, chemiresistive and electrochemical techniques. This article provides an overview of such techniques. These, however, have limitations of reliability, precision, selectivity, and stability in continuous monitoring. Such limitations are due to lack of sensor stability and complexity of samples in a multivariate environment, which can lead to false readings. To overcome selectivity barriers, sensor arrays enabling multimodal sensing, have been used with pattern recognition techniques. Stability and precision issues have been addressed through advancements in nanotechnology. The use of various forms of nanomaterial not only enhance sensing performance, but also plays a major role in detection on a miniaturized scale. The rapid growth in medical Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence paves a pathway for improvements in human theranostics.
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Specific VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene, are elevated in the breath of lung cancer patients.
“Specific VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene, are elevated in the breath of lung cancer patients (Jalal et al. 2018).”
From Artificial intelligence enhanced sensors - enabling technologies to next-generation healthcare and biomedical platform (2023) · cites this paper as Jalal et al. 2018
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- Authors
- Jalal, A. H., Alam, F., Roychoudhury, S., Umasankar, Y., Pala, N., & Bhansali, S.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bhansali, Shekhar
- Venue
- ACS Sensors
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-06-08
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1246-1263
- ISSN
- 2379-3694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2806075947
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Sensors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University Graduate School, Florida International University
- National Science Foundation (EEC-1160483)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Keywords
- volatile organic compounds, VOC sensors, electronic nose, point-of-care diagnosis, non-invasive biomarkers, breath analysis, sweat analysis, saliva testing, electrochemical sensor, chemiresistive sensors, optical sensors, sensor arrays, pattern recognition, nanomaterials, Internet of Medical Things, artificial intelligence, theranostics, continuous physiological monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breath Tests, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Equipment Design, Humans, Saliva, Sweat, Biosensing Techniques, Biomarkers, Extracellular Fluid, Volatile Organic Compounds, Electronic Nose
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